North Dakota Code 12.1-06.1-05 – Racketeering – Civil remedies
1. A person who sustains injury to person, business, or property by a pattern of racketeering activity or by a violation of section 12.1-06.1-02 or 12.1-06.1-03 may file an action in district court for the recovery of treble damages and the costs of the suit, including reasonable attorney fees. The state may file an action in behalf of those persons injured or to prevent, restrain, or remedy a pattern of racketeering activity or a violation of section 12.1-06.1-02 or 12.1-06.1-03.
Terms Used In North Dakota Code 12.1-06.1-05
- action: means a bodily movement, whether voluntary or involuntary. See North Dakota Code 12.1-01-04
- actions: include , where relevant, "omitted to act" and "omissions to act". See North Dakota Code 12.1-01-04
- Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
- Court: means any of the following courts: the supreme court, a district court, and where relevant, a municipal court. See North Dakota Code 12.1-01-04
- Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
- Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
- Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
- Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
- Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
- Offense: means conduct for which a term of imprisonment or a fine is authorized by statute after conviction. See North Dakota Code 12.1-01-04
- person: includes , where relevant, a corporation, limited liability company, partnership, unincorporated association, or other legal entity. See North Dakota Code 12.1-01-04
- Plea: In a criminal case, the defendant's statement pleading "guilty" or "not guilty" in answer to the charges, a declaration made in open court.
- Property: includes property, real and personal. See North Dakota Code 1-01-49
- Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.
- State: when applied to the different parts of the United States, includes the District of Columbia and the territories. See North Dakota Code 1-01-49
- Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
- United States: includes the District of Columbia and the territories. See North Dakota Code 1-01-49
2. The district court has jurisdiction to prevent, restrain, and remedy a pattern of racketeering activity or a violation of section 12.1-06.1-02 or 12.1-06.1-03 after making provision for the rights of all innocent persons affected by the violation and after hearing or trial, as appropriate, by issuing appropriate orders.
3. Prior to a determination of liability, orders may include entering restraining orders, receivership orders or prohibitions or other actions, including the acceptance of satisfactory performance bonds, in connection with any property or other interest subject to damages, forfeiture, or other restraints pursuant to this section.
4. Following a determination of liability, orders may include:
a. Ordering any person to divest himself of any interests, direct or indirect, in any enterprise.
b. Imposing reasonable restrictions on the future activities or investments of any person, including prohibiting any person from engaging in the same type of endeavor as the enterprise engaged in, the activities of which affect the laws of this state, to the extent the constitutions of the United States and this state permit.
c. Ordering dissolution or reorganization of any enterprise.
d. Ordering the payment of treble damages and appropriate restitution to those persons injured by a pattern of racketeering activity or a violation of section 12.1-06.1-02 or 12.1-06.1-03.
e. Ordering the payment of all costs and expenses and reasonable attorneys’ fees concerned with the prosecution and investigation of any offense included in the definition of racketeering if upon application for the order it is shown to the satisfaction of the court that the racketeering offense has occurred as a part of a pattern of racketeering activity or a violation of section 12.1-06.1-02 or 12.1-06.1-03, civil and criminal, incurred by the state or county as appropriate to be paid to the general fund of the state or county that brings the action.
f. Forfeiture, pursuant to chapter 32-14, to the state school fund of the state or county as appropriate under section 29-27-02.1, to the extent not already ordered to be paid in other damages:
(1) Any property or other interest acquired or maintained by a person in violation of section 12.1-06.1-02 or 12.1-06.1-03.
(2) Any interest in, security of, claims against, or property or contractual right of any kind affording a source of influence over any enterprise that a person has established, operated, controlled, conducted, or participated in the conduct of in violation of section 12.1-06.1-02 or 12.1-06.1-03.
(3) All proceeds traceable to an offense included in the definition of racketeering and all moneys, negotiable instruments, securities, and other things of value used or intended to be used to facilitate commission of the offense if upon application for the order it is shown to the satisfaction of the court that the racketeering offense has occurred as a part of a pattern of racketeering activity.
g. Payment to the state school fund of the state or county as appropriate under section 29-27-02.1 of an amount equal to the gain a person has acquired or maintained through an offense included in the definition of racketeering if upon application for the order it is shown to the satisfaction of the court that the racketeering offense has occurred as a part of a pattern of racketeering activity.
5. In addition to or in lieu of an action under this section the state may file an action for forfeiture to the state school fund of the state or county as appropriate under section 29-27-02.1, to the extent not already ordered paid pursuant to this section, of:
a. Any interest acquired or maintained by a person in violation of section 12.1-06.1-02 or 12.1-06.1-03.
b. Any interest in, security of, claims against, or property or contractual right of any kind affording a source of influence over any enterprise that a person has established, operated, controlled, conducted, or participated in the conduct of in violation of section 12.1-06.1-02 or 12.1-06.1-03.
c. All proceeds traceable to an offense included in the definition of racketeering and all moneys, negotiable instruments, securities, and other things of value used or intended to be used to facilitate the commission of the offense if upon application for the order it is shown to the satisfaction of the court that such racketeering offense has occurred as a part of a pattern of racketeering activity.
6. A defendant convicted in any criminal proceeding shall be precluded from subsequently denying the essential allegations of the criminal offense of which he was convicted in any civil proceeding. For purposes of this subsection, a conviction may result from a verdict or plea including a no contest plea.
7. Notwithstanding any law to the contrary, the initiation of civil proceedings related to violations of any offense included in the definition of racketeering or a violation of section 12.1-06.1-02 or 12.1-06.1-03 must be commenced within seven years of actual discovery of the violation.
8. This state may, in a civil action brought pursuant to this section, file with the clerk of the district court a certificate stating that the case is of special public importance. A copy of that certificate shall be furnished immediately by the clerk to the presiding judge of the district court in which the action is pending and, upon receipt of the copy, the judge shall immediately designate a judge to hear and determine the action. The judge designated shall promptly assign the action for hearing, participate in the hearings and determination, and cause the action to be expedited.
9. The standard of proof in actions brought pursuant to this section is the preponderance of the evidence.
10. A person other than the attorney general or state’s attorney who files an action under this section shall serve notice and one copy of the pleading on the attorney general within thirty days after the action is filed with the district court. The notice shall identify the action, the person, and the person’s attorney. Service of the notice does not limit or otherwise affect the right of the state to maintain an action under this section or intervene in a pending action nor does it authorize the person to name the state or the attorney general as a party to the action.
11. Except in cases filed by a state’s attorney, the attorney general may, upon timely application, intervene in any civil action or proceeding brought pursuant to this section if the attorney general certifies that in his opinion the action is of special public importance. Upon intervention, the attorney general may assert any available claim and is entitled to the same relief as if the attorney general had instituted a separate action.
12. In addition to the state’s right to intervene as a party in any action under this section, the attorney general may appear as amicus curiae in any proceeding in which a claim under this section has been asserted or in which a court is interpreting any provisions of this chapter.
13. A civil action under this section is remedial and does not limit any other civil or criminal action. Civil remedies provided under this section are supplemental and not mutually exclusive.