North Dakota Code > Chapter 9-07 – Interpretation of Contract


§ 9-07-01	Public and private contracts interpreted by same rules
§ 9-07-02	Language of contract governs if clear
§ 9-07-03	Contract interpreted to give effect to mutual intention
§ 9-07-04	Intention ascertained from writing alone if possible
§ 9-07-05	Real intention to govern in cases of fraud, mistake, or accident
§ 9-07-06	Contract interpreted as a whole
§ 9-07-07	Several contracts part of one transaction interpreted together
§ 9-07-08	Contract interpreted so it may be carried into effect
§ 9-07-09	Words to be interpreted in ordinary sense
§ 9-07-10	Interpretation of technical words
§ 9-07-12	Contract explained by reference to circumstances
§ 9-07-13	Contract extends only to things to be covered
§ 9-07-14	Interpreted as promisor believed promisee understood it
§ 9-07-15	Clauses subordinate to general intent
§ 9-07-16	Written part of contract controls printed part
§ 9-07-17	Repugnancies reconciled with intent
§ 9-07-18	Inconsistent words rejected
§ 9-07-19	Uncertainty interpreted against party causing it – Presumption as to cause
§ 9-07-20	Stipulations necessary to make contract reasonable implied
§ 9-07-21	Things incidental to contract – When and when not implied
§ 9-07-22	Rules governing time of performance when not specified
§ 9-07-23	When time is essence of contract

Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
State: when applied to the different parts of the United States, includes the District of Columbia and the territories. See North Dakota Code 1-01-49
written: include "typewriting" and "typewritten" and "printing" and "printed" except in the case of signatures and when the words are used by way of contrast to typewriting and printing. See North Dakota Code 1-01-37