Terms Used In Tennessee Code > Title 13 > Chapter 14 > Part 2 - Community-Based Development Organizations

• Address: means mailing address, including a zip code. See Tennessee Code 43-38-103
• Agritourism activity: includes an activity involving any animal exhibition at an agricultural fair, regardless of the location of the fair. See Tennessee Code 43-39-101
• Agritourism professional: means any person who is engaged in the business of providing one (1) or more agritourism activities, whether or not for compensation. See Tennessee Code 43-39-101
• Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.
• Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
• Appraisal: A determination of property value.
• articles of organization: means articles of organization as originally filed and subsequently amended. See Tennessee Code 43-38-103
• Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
• Association: means an organization conducting business under a cooperative plan under the laws of this state. See Tennessee Code 43-38-103
• Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
• board of directors: means the board of directors of a cooperative. See Tennessee Code 43-38-103
• Business entity: means a corporation, limited liability company, limited liability partnership or other legal entity, association or body vested with the power or function of a legal entity. See Tennessee Code 43-38-103
• Bylaws: means a written agreement described in §. See Tennessee Code 43-38-103
• Code: includes the Tennessee Code and all amendments and revisions to the code and all additions and supplements to the code. See Tennessee Code 1-3-105
• Commissioner: means the commissioner of agriculture. See Tennessee Code 43-38-103
• Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
• Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
• Cooperative: means a cooperative whose members have obtained rights to dissent under §. See Tennessee Code 43-38-801
• Cooperative: means an association organized under this title conducting business on a cooperative plan as provided under this chapter. See Tennessee Code 43-38-103
• Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
• Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
• Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
• Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
• Dissenter: means a member who is entitled to dissent from cooperative action under §. See Tennessee Code 43-38-801
• Distribution: means a direct or indirect transfer of money or other property, except its own membership interests, with or without consideration, or an incurrence or issuance of indebtedness, whether directly or indirectly, including through a guaranty, by a cooperative to or for the benefit of any of its members in respect of membership interests. See Tennessee Code 43-38-103
• Entitlement: A Federal program or provision of law that requires payments to any person or unit of government that meets the eligibility criteria established by law. Entitlements constitute a binding obligation on the part of the Federal Government, and eligible recipients have legal recourse if the obligation is not fulfilled. Social Security and veterans' compensation and pensions are examples of entitlement programs.
• Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
• Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
• Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.
• Fair value: means the value of the dissenter's membership interest of a cooperative immediately before the effective date of the cooperative action referred to in §. See Tennessee Code 43-38-801
• Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
• Filed with the secretary of state: means that a document meeting the applicable requirements of this chapter, signed and accompanied by the required filing fee, has been delivered to the secretary of state of this state. See Tennessee Code 43-38-103
• Financial rights: means a member's right to:
  (A) Share in profits and losses as provided in §. See Tennessee Code 43-38-103
• Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.
• Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
• Governance rights: means a right to vote on one (1) or more matters and all a member's rights as a member in the cooperative other than financial rights. See Tennessee Code 43-38-103
• Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
• Intangible property: Property that has no intrinsic value, but is merely the evidence of value such as stock certificates, bonds, and promissory notes.
• Interest: means interest from the effective date of the action referred to in §. See Tennessee Code 43-38-801
• Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
• Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). ^{Source: OCC}
• Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity.
• Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
• Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
• Majority: means , with respect to a vote of the members, if voting on a per capita basis, a majority in number of the members entitled to vote on a specific matter, or if the voting is determined otherwise, a majority of the voting interest, which may be expressed as a percentage, entitled to vote on a specific matter, and with respect to a vote of the directors, a majority in number of the directors entitled to vote on a specific matter. See Tennessee Code 43-38-103
• Member: includes a former member when dissenter's rights exist because:
  (A) The membership of the former member has terminated causing dissolution. See Tennessee Code 43-38-801
• Member: means a person or entity reflected on the books of the cooperative as the owner of governance rights of a membership interest of the cooperative and includes patron and nonpatron members. See Tennessee Code 43-38-103
• Membership interest: means a member's interest in a cooperative consisting of a member's financial rights, a member's right to assign financial rights, a member's governance rights and a member's right to assign governance rights. See Tennessee Code 43-38-103
• Month: means a calendar month. See Tennessee Code 1-3-105
• Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
• Participant: means any person, other than the agritourism professional, who engages in an agritourism activity. See Tennessee Code 43-39-101
• Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
• Patron: means a person or entity who conducts patronage business with the cooperative. See Tennessee Code 43-38-103
• Patron member: means a member holding a patron membership interest. See Tennessee Code 43-38-103
• Patronage: means business, transactions, or services done for or with the cooperative as defined by the cooperative. See Tennessee Code 43-38-103
• Person: means an individual, fiduciary, firm, association, partnership, limited liability company, corporation, unit of government or any other group acting as a unit. See Tennessee Code 43-39-101
• Person: includes a corporation, firm, company or association. See Tennessee Code 1-3-105
• Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.
• Presiding officer: A majority-party Senator who presides over the Senate and is charged with maintaining order and decorum, recognizing Members to speak, and interpreting the Senate's rules, practices and precedents.
• Property: includes both personal and real property. See Tennessee Code 1-3-105
• Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business.
• Record: means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in a perceivable form. See Tennessee Code 1-3-105
• Recourse: An arrangement in which a bank retains, in form or in substance, any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bank's claim on the asset. If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold, then the retention of any credit risk is recourse. ^{Source: FDIC}
• Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
• Reporter: Makes a record of court proceedings and prepares a transcript, and also publishes the court's opinions or decisions (in the courts of appeals).
• Representative: when applied to those who represent a decedent, includes executors and administrators, unless the context implies heirs and distributees. See Tennessee Code 1-3-105
• Secretary of state: means the person who holds the office of secretary of state of Tennessee. See Tennessee Code 43-38-103
• Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party.
• Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
• Signed: means that the signature of a person has been written on a document, and, with respect to a document required by this chapter to be filed with the secretary of state, means that the document has been signed by a person authorized to do so by this chapter, the articles or bylaws, or by a resolution approved by the directors or the members. See Tennessee Code 43-38-103
• State: when applied to the different parts of the United States, includes the District of Columbia and the several territories of the United States. See Tennessee Code 1-3-105
• Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
• Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights.
• Subscription: includes a mark, the name being written near the mark and witnessed. See Tennessee Code 1-3-105
• Termination: means the end of a cooperative's existence as a legal entity and occurs when the articles of termination are filed with the secretary of state under §. See Tennessee Code 43-38-103
• Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
• United States: includes the District of Columbia and the several territories of the United States. See Tennessee Code 1-3-105
• written: includes printing, typewriting, engraving, lithography, and any other mode of representing words and letters. See Tennessee Code 1-3-105
• Written action: means a written document signed by those persons required to take the action described. See Tennessee Code 43-38-103
• Year: means a calendar year, unless otherwise expressed. See Tennessee Code 1-3-105