Terms Used In Utah Code > Title 78B > Chapter 4 - Limitations on Liability

• Administrator: means the motor vehicle enforcement administrator. See Utah Code 41-3-102
• Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.
• Asbestos claim: means a claim, wherever or whenever made, for damages, losses, indemnification, contribution, or other relief arising out of, based on, or in any way related to asbestos, including:

  (a)	the health effects of exposure to asbestos, including a claim for: (i)  personal injury or death; (ii)  mental or emotional injury; (iii)  risk of disease or other injury; or (iv)  the costs of medical monitoring or surveillance;

  (b)	a claim made by or on behalf of a person exposed to asbestos, or a representative, spouse, parent, child, or other relative of the person; and

  (c)

  a claim for damage or loss caused by the installation, presence, or removal of asbestos. See Utah Code 78B-4-602 Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account. Auction: means a dealer engaged in the business of auctioning motor vehicles, either owned or consigned, to the general public. See Utah Code 41-3-102 Breach of system security: means the same as that term is defined in Section 13-44-102. See Utah Code 78B-4-701 City: includes , depending on population, a metro township as defined in Section 10-3c-102. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5 Claim: means any assertion by or on behalf of a natural person, as well as any derivative claim arising from it, and asserted by or on behalf of any other person. See Utah Code 78B-4-302 Commission: means the State Tax Commission. See Utah Code 41-3-102 Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant. Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed. Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant. Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name. Corporation: means a corporation for profit, including a domestic corporation organized under the laws of this state or a foreign corporation organized under laws other than this state. See Utah Code 78B-4-602 Damage or injury: includes physical, nonphysical, economic, and noneconomic damage. See Utah Code 78B-4-101 Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries. Dealer: includes a representative or consignee of any dealer. See Utah Code 41-3-102 Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime. Direct-sale manufacturer: means a person: (a)  that is both a manufacturer and a dealer; (b)  that is: (i)  an electric vehicle manufacturer; or (ii)  a low-volume manufacturer; (c)  that is not a franchise holder; (d)  that is domiciled in the United States; and (e)  whose chief officers direct, control, and coordinate the person's activities as a direct-sale manufacturer from a physical location in the United States. See Utah Code 41-3-102 Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial. Division: means the Motor Vehicle Enforcement Division created in Section 41-3-104. See Utah Code 41-3-102 Donor: The person who makes a gift. Equine: means any member of the equidae family. See Utah Code 78B-4-201 Equine activity: means : (a)  equine shows, fairs, competitions, performances, racing, sales, or parades that involve any breeds of equines and any equine disciplines, including dressage, hunter and jumper horse shows, grand prix jumping, multiple-day events, combined training, rodeos, driving, pulling, cutting, polo, steeple chasing, hunting, endurance trail riding, and western games; (b)  boarding or training equines; (c)  teaching persons equestrian skills; (d)  riding, inspecting, or evaluating an equine owned by another person regardless of whether the owner receives monetary or other valuable consideration; (e)  riding, inspecting, or evaluating an equine by a prospective purchaser; or (f)  other equine activities of any type including rides, trips, hunts, or informal or spontaneous activities sponsored by an equine activity sponsor. See Utah Code 78B-4-201 Equine activity sponsor: means an individual, group, governmental entity, club, partnership, or corporation, whether operating for profit or as a nonprofit entity, which sponsors, organizes, or provides facilities for an equine activity, including: (a)  pony clubs, hunt clubs, riding clubs, 4-H programs, therapeutic riding programs, and public and private schools and postsecondary educational institutions that sponsor equine activities; and (b)  operators, instructors, and promoters of equine facilities, stables, clubhouses, ponyride strings, fairs, and arenas. See Utah Code 78B-4-201 Equine professional: means a person compensated for an equine activity by: (a)  instructing a participant; (b)  renting to a participant an equine to ride, drive, or be a passenger upon the equine; or (c)  renting equine equipment or tack to a participant. See Utah Code 78B-4-201 Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other. Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller. Financially secure source of recovery: means that, at the time of the incident, a nonprofit organization: (a)  has an insurance policy in effect that covers the activities of the volunteer and has an insurance limit of not less than the limits established under the Governmental Immunity Act of Utah in Section 63G-7-604; or (b)  has established a qualified trust with a value not less than the combined limits for property damage and single occurrence liability established under the Governmental Immunity Act of Utah in Section 63G-7-604. See Utah Code 78B-4-101 Franchise: includes a contract or agreement described in Subsection (20)(a) regardless of whether the contract or agreement is subject to Title 13, Chapter 14, New Automobile Franchise Act, Title 13, Chapter 35, Powersport Vehicle Franchise Act, or neither. See Utah Code 41-3-102 Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another. Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs. Guardian: includes a person who:Utah Code 68-3-12.5 Indemnification: In general, a collateral contract or assurance under which one person agrees to secure another person against either anticipated financial losses or potential adverse legal consequences. Source: FDIC Inherent risks of skiing: means the dangers or conditions that are an integral part of the sport of recreational, competitive, or professional skiing, including: (a)  changing weather conditions; (b)  snow or ice conditions as the snow or ice conditions exist or may change, including hard pack, powder, packed powder, wind pack, corn, crust, slush, cut-up snow, or machine-made snow; (c)  surface or subsurface conditions, including bare spots, forest growth, rocks, stumps, streambeds, cliffs, trees, or other natural objects; (d)  variations or steepness in terrain, whether natural or as a result of slope design, snowmaking or grooming operations, or other terrain modifications, including: (i)  terrain parks; (ii)  terrain features, including jumps, rails, or fun boxes; or (iii)  all other constructed and natural features, including half pipes, quarter pipes, or freestyle-bump terrain; (e)  impact with lift towers, other structures, or their components, including signs, posts, fences or enclosures, hydrants, or water pipes; (f)  collisions with other skiers; (g)  participation in, or practicing or training for, competitions or special events; and (h)  the failure of a skier to ski within the skier's own ability. See Utah Code 78B-4-402 Injury: means any personal injury or property damage or loss. See Utah Code 78B-4-402 Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases. Land: includes :Utah Code 68-3-12.5 Livestock: means all domesticated animals used in the production of food, fiber, or livestock activities. See Utah Code 78B-4-201 Livestock activity: means : (a)  livestock shows, fairs, competitions, performances, packing events, or parades or rodeos that involve any or all breeds of livestock; (b)  using livestock to pull carts or to carry packs or other items; (c)  using livestock to pull travois-type carriers during rescue or emergency situations; (d)  livestock training or teaching activities or both; (e)  taking livestock on public relations trips or visits to schools or nursing homes; (f)  boarding livestock; (g)  riding, inspecting, or evaluating any livestock belonging to another, whether or not the owner has received some monetary consideration or other thing of value for the use of the livestock or is permitting a prospective purchaser of the livestock to ride, inspect, or evaluate the livestock; (h)  using livestock in wool production; (i)  rides, trips, or other livestock activities of any type however informal or impromptu that are sponsored by a livestock activity sponsor; and (j)  trimming the feet of any livestock. See Utah Code 78B-4-201 Livestock activity sponsor: means an individual, group, governmental entity, club, partnership, or corporation, whether operating for profit or as a nonprofit entity, which sponsors, organizes, or provides facilities for a livestock activity, including: (a)  livestock clubs, 4-H programs, therapeutic riding programs, and public and private schools and postsecondary educational institutions that sponsor livestock activities; and (b)  operators, instructors, and promoters of livestock facilities, stables, clubhouses, fairs, and arenas. See Utah Code 78B-4-201 Livestock professional: means a person compensated for a livestock activity by: (a)  instructing a participant; (b)  renting to a participant any livestock for the purpose of riding, driving, or being a passenger upon the livestock; or (c)  renting livestock equipment or tack to a participant. See Utah Code 78B-4-201 Minor: means an individual who is under 18 years old. See Utah Code 78B-4-402 Motor vehicle: means a vehicle that is: (i)  self-propelled; (ii)  a trailer; (iii)  a travel trailer; (iv)  a semitrailer; (v)  an off-highway vehicle; or (vi)  a small trailer. See Utah Code 41-3-102 New motor vehicle: means a motor vehicle that: (a)  has never been titled or registered; and (b)  for a motor vehicle that is not a trailer, travel trailer, or semitrailer, has been driven less than 7,500 miles. See Utah Code 41-3-102 Nonprofit organization: means any organization, other than a public entity, described in Section 501 (c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from tax under Section 501 (a) of that code. See Utah Code 78B-4-101 Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period. Participant: means any person, whether amateur or professional, who directly engages in an equine activity or livestock activity, regardless of whether a fee has been paid to participate. See Utah Code 78B-4-201 Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses. PCI data security standard: means the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard. See Utah Code 78B-4-701 Person: means :Utah Code 68-3-12.5 Person: includes a financial institution organized, chartered, or holding a license authorizing operation under the laws of this state, another state, or another country. See Utah Code 78B-4-701 Personal information: means the same as that term is defined in Section 13-44-102. See Utah Code 78B-4-701 Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit. Principal place of business: means a site or location in this state: (i)  devoted exclusively to the business for which the dealer, manufacturer, remanufacturer, transporter, dismantler, crusher, or body shop is licensed, and businesses incidental to them; (ii)  sufficiently bounded by fence, chain, posts, or otherwise marked to definitely indicate the boundary and to admit a definite description with space adequate to permit the display of three or more new, or new and used, or used motor vehicles and sufficient parking for the public; and (iii)  that includes a permanent enclosed building or structure large enough to accommodate the office of the establishment and to provide a safe place to keep the books and other records of the business, at which the principal portion of the business is conducted and the books and records kept and maintained. See Utah Code 41-3-102 Process: means a writ or summons issued in the course of a judicial proceeding. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5 Property: includes both real and personal property. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5 Qualified trust: means a trust held for the purpose of compensating claims for damages or injury in a trust company licensed to do business in this state under the provisions of Title 7, Chapter 5, Trust Business. See Utah Code 78B-4-101 real property: includes :Utah Code 68-3-12.5 Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land. Reimbursements: means , with respect to each nonprofit organization: (a)  compensation or honoraria totaling less than $300 per calendar year; and (b)  payment of expenses actually incurred. See Utah Code 78B-4-101 Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant. Salesperson: means an individual who for a salary, commission, or compensation of any kind, is employed either directly, indirectly, regularly, or occasionally by any new motor vehicle dealer or used motor vehicle dealer to sell, purchase, or exchange or to negotiate for the sale, purchase, or exchange of motor vehicles. See Utah Code 41-3-102 Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims. Ski area: means any area designated by a ski area operator to be used for skiing, nordic, freestyle or other type of ski jumping, or snowboarding. See Utah Code 78B-4-402 Ski area operator: includes an agent, an officer, an employee, or a representative of the person that operates a ski area. See Utah Code 78B-4-402 Skier: means an individual present in a ski area for the purpose of engaging in the sport of skiing, nordic, freestyle, or other types of ski jumping, or using skis, a sled, a tube, a snowboard, or any other device. See Utah Code 78B-4-402 State: when applied to the different parts of the United States, includes a state, district, or territory of the United States. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5 Statute: A law passed by a legislature. Successor: means a corporation that: (a)  (i)  assumes or incurs or has assumed or incurred successor asbestos-related liability; (ii)  is the successor corporation after a merger or consolidation; and (iii)  became a successor before January 1, 1972; or (b)  is a successor corporation of a corporation described in Subsection (3)(a). See Utah Code 78B-4-602 Successor asbestos-related liability: includes liability that, after the time of the merger or consolidation for which the fair market value of total gross assets is determined under Section 78B-4-605, was or is paid or otherwise discharged, or committed to be paid or otherwise discharged, by or on behalf of the corporation, or by a successor of the corporation, or by or on behalf of a transferor, in connection with a settlement, judgment, or other discharge in this state or another jurisdiction. See Utah Code 78B-4-602 Tort: A civil wrong or breach of a duty to another person, as outlined by law. A very common tort is negligent operation of a motor vehicle that results in property damage and personal injury in an automobile accident. Transferor: means a corporation from which successor asbestos-related liability is or was assumed or incurred. See Utah Code 78B-4-602 Transporter: means a person engaged in the business of transporting motor vehicles as described in Section 41-3-202. See Utah Code 41-3-102 Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence. Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust. United States: includes each state, district, and territory of the United States of America. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5 Vessel: when used with reference to shipping, includes a steamboat, canal boat, and every structure adapted to be navigated from place to place. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5 Volunteer: includes a volunteer serving as a director, officer, trustee, or direct service volunteer. See Utah Code 78B-4-101 Whips: Assistants to the floor leaders who are also elected by their party conferences. The Majority and Minority Whips (and their assistants) are responsible for mobilizing votes within their parties on major issues. In the absence of a party floor leader, the whip often serves as acting floor leader. Writing: includes :Utah Code 68-3-12.5