Terms Used In Virginia Code > Title 11 > Chapter 1 - General Provisions

• Adult: means a person 18 years of age or more. See Virginia Code 1-203
• Animal: means any organism of the kingdom Animalia, other than a human being. See Virginia Code 3.2-5900
• Annual percentage rate: The cost of credit at a yearly rate. It is calculated in a standard way, taking the average compound interest rate over the term of the loan so borrowers can compare loans. Lenders are required by law to disclose a card account's APR. ^{Source: FDIC}
• Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
• Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
• Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
• Authorized delegate: means a person designated or appointed by a licensee to sell money orders or provide money transmission services on behalf of the licensee. See Virginia Code 6.2-1900
• Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
• Board: means the Board of Agriculture and Consumer Services. See Virginia Code 3.2-100
• Check: means a draft drawn on the account of an individual at a depository institution. See Virginia Code 6.2-1800
• Chief: means the Chief of the Division of Mines of the Department of Energy. See Virginia Code 45.2-100
• City: means an independent incorporated community which became a city as provided by law before noon on July 1, 1971, or which has within defined boundaries a population of 5,000 or more and which has become a city as provided by law. See Virginia Code 1-208
• Clerk of court: An officer appointed by the court to work with the chief judge in overseeing the court's administration, especially to assist in managing the flow of cases through the court and to maintain court records.
• Commission: means the State Corporation Commission. See Virginia Code 6.2-100
• Commissioner: means the Commissioner of Agriculture and Consumer Services. See Virginia Code 3.2-100
• Commissioner: means the Commissioner of Financial Institutions. See Virginia Code 6.2-100
• Continuance: Putting off of a hearing ot trial until a later time.
• Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
• Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
• Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
• Deposition: An oral statement made before an officer authorized by law to administer oaths. Such statements are often taken to examine potential witnesses, to obtain discovery, or to be used later in trial.
• Docket: A log containing brief entries of court proceedings.
• Entity: means any corporation, partnership, association, cooperative, limited liability company, trust, joint venture, government, political subdivision, or other legal or commercial entity. See Virginia Code 6.2-100
• Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
• Financial institution: means any bank, trust company, savings institution, industrial loan association, consumer finance company, or credit union. See Virginia Code 6.2-100
• Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.
• Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
• Indemnification: In general, a collateral contract or assurance under which one person agrees to secure another person against either anticipated financial losses or potential adverse legal consequences. ^{Source: FDIC}
• Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
• Interest: means all charges payable directly or indirectly by a borrower to a licensee as a condition to a loan, including fees, service charges, and renewal charges, and any ancillary product sold in connection with a loan, but does not include the monthly maintenance fees, deposit item return fees, or late charges authorized under § 6. See Virginia Code 6.2-1800
• Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
• Label: means a display of written, printed, or graphic matter upon any article or the immediate container (not including package liners) of any article. See Virginia Code 3.2-5400
• Licensee: means a person to whom a license has been issued under this chapter. See Virginia Code 6.2-1800
• Licensee: means a person licensed under this chapter to engage in the business of selling money orders or the business of money transmission, or both. See Virginia Code 6.2-1900
• Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
• Livestock: includes all domestic or domesticated bovine animals; equine animals; ovine animals; porcine animals; cervidae animals; capradae animals; animals of the genus Lama or Vicugna; ratites; fish or shellfish in aquaculture facilities, as defined in § 3. See Virginia Code 3.2-5900
• Livestock: means any cattle, sheep, swine, goats, horses, mules, or other equines, whether live or dead. See Virginia Code 3.2-5400
• Livestock product: means any carcass, part thereof, meat, or meat food product of any livestock. See Virginia Code 3.2-5400
• Loan amount: means the principal amount of a loan, exclusive of fees or charges. See Virginia Code 6.2-1800
• Monetary value: means a medium of exchange, whether or not redeemable in money. See Virginia Code 6.2-1900
• Money order: means a check, traveler's check, draft, or other instrument for the transmission or payment of money or monetary value whether or not negotiable. See Virginia Code 6.2-1900
• Money transmission: means receiving money or monetary value for transmission by wire, facsimile, electronic means or other means or selling or issuing stored value. See Virginia Code 6.2-1900
• Money transmitter: means a person engaged in the business of money transmission. See Virginia Code 6.2-1900
• Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
• Official certificate: means any certificate prescribed by regulations of the Board for issuance by an inspector or other person performing official functions under this article. See Virginia Code 3.2-5400
• Official device: means any device prescribed or authorized by the Commissioner for use in applying any official mark. See Virginia Code 3.2-5400
• Official establishment: means any establishment as determined by the Commissioner at which inspection of the slaughter of livestock or poultry or the preparation of livestock products or poultry products is maintained under the authority of this article. See Virginia Code 3.2-5400
• Official mark: means the official inspection legend or any other symbol prescribed by regulations of the Board to identify the status of any article or livestock or poultry under this article. See Virginia Code 3.2-5400
• Outstanding: means :

  1. See Virginia Code 6.2-1900

• Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
• Person: means any individual, corporation, partnership, association, cooperative, limited liability company, trust, joint venture, government, political subdivision, or other legal or commercial entity. See Virginia Code 6.2-100
• Personal property: All property that is not real property.
• Poultry: includes all domestic fowl and game birds raised in captivity. See Virginia Code 3.2-5900
• Poultry: means any domesticated bird, whether live or dead. See Virginia Code 3.2-5400
• Poultry product: means any poultry carcass or part thereof; or any product that is made wholly or in part from any poultry carcass or part thereof, excepting products that contain poultry ingredients only in a relatively small proportion or historically have not been considered by consumers as products of the poultry food industry, and that are exempted by the Commissioner from definition as a poultry product under such conditions as he may prescribe to assure that the poultry ingredients in such products are not adulterated and that such products are not represented as poultry products. See Virginia Code 3.2-5400
• Precedent: A court decision in an earlier case with facts and law similar to a dispute currently before a court. Precedent will ordinarily govern the decision of a later similar case, unless a party can show that it was wrongly decided or that it differed in some significant way.
• Prepared: means slaughtered, canned, salted, stuffed, rendered, boned, cut up, or otherwise manufactured or processed. See Virginia Code 3.2-5400
• Principal: means any person who, directly or indirectly, owns or controls (i) 10 percent or more of the outstanding stock of a stock corporation or (ii) a 10 percent or greater interest in a nonstock corporation or a limited liability company. See Virginia Code 6.2-1800
• Principal: means any person who, directly or indirectly, owns or controls a 10 percent or greater interest in any form of entity. See Virginia Code 6.2-1900
• Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
• real estate: includes lands, tenements and hereditaments, and all rights and appurtenances thereto and interests therein, other than a chattel interest. See Virginia Code 1-219
• Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
• Registry: means the licensing and registration system operated by the State Regulatory Registry LLC. See Virginia Code 6.2-1900
• Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.
• Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
• Short-term loan: means a loan made pursuant to this chapter. See Virginia Code 6.2-1800
• State Veterinarian: means the veterinarian employed by the Commissioner as provided in § 3. See Virginia Code 3.2-5900
• Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
• Stored value: means monetary value that is evidenced by an electronic record. See Virginia Code 6.2-1900
• Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
• Testify: Answer questions in court.
• Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
• Town: means any existing town or an incorporated community within one or more counties which became a town before noon, July 1, 1971, as provided by law or which has within defined boundaries a population of 1,000 or more and which has become a town as provided by law. See Virginia Code 1-254
• Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
• Uniform Commercial Code: A set of statutes enacted by the various states to provide consistency among the states' commercial laws. It includes negotiable instruments, sales, stock transfers, trust and warehouse receipts, and bills of lading. ^{Source: OCC}