Virginia Code > Title 17.1 > Chapter 6 – Costs Generally
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Terms Used In Virginia Code > Title 17.1 > Chapter 6 - Costs Generally
- Adult: means a person 18 years of age or more. See Virginia Code 1-203
- Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
- Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.
- Attorney-at-law: A person who is legally qualified and licensed to practice law, and to represent and act for clients in legal proceedings.
- Bank: means any bank or trust company organized under the laws of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 6.2-925
- Bank: means a corporation authorized by statute to accept deposits and to hold itself out to the public as engaged in the banking business in the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 6.2-800
- Bank holding company: means any corporation (i) that directly or indirectly owns, controls, or holds with power to vote, 25 percent or more of the voting shares of one or more banks or of a corporation that is or becomes a bank holding company by virtue of this definition, (ii) that controls in any manner the election of a majority of the directors of one or more banks, or (iii) for the benefit of whose shareholders or members 25 percent or more of the voting shares of one or more banks or bank holding companies is held by trustees. See Virginia Code 6.2-800
- Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. Source: OCC
- Chambers: A judge's office.
- Commissioner: means the Commissioner of Financial Institutions. See Virginia Code 6.2-100
- Controlled substance: means a controlled substance as defined in Article 1 (§ 18. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.4
- Corporation: means the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. See Virginia Code 6.2-925
- Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
- Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
- Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. Source:
- Docket: A log containing brief entries of court proceedings.
- Embezzlement: In most states, embezzlement is defined as theft/larceny of assets (money or property) by a person in a position of trust or responsibility over those assets. Embezzlement typically occurs in the employment and corporate settings. Source: OCC
- Entitlement: A Federal program or provision of law that requires payments to any person or unit of government that meets the eligibility criteria established by law. Entitlements constitute a binding obligation on the part of the Federal Government, and eligible recipients have legal recourse if the obligation is not fulfilled. Social Security and veterans' compensation and pensions are examples of entitlement programs.
- Executor: A male person named in a will to carry out the decedent
- FDIC: means the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. See Virginia Code 6.2-800
- Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
- Grand jury: agreement providing that a lender will delay exercising its rights (in the case of a mortgage,
- Grantor: The person who establishes a trust and places property into it.
- Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
- Health care provider: means a health care provider as defined in § 8. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.4
- Indictment: The formal charge issued by a grand jury stating that there is enough evidence that the defendant committed the crime to justify having a trial; it is used primarily for felonies.
- Juror: A person who is on the jury.
- Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
- Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
- Personal property: All property that is not real property.
- Plea: In a criminal case, the defendant's statement pleading "guilty" or "not guilty" in answer to the charges, a declaration made in open court.
- Probable cause: A reasonable ground for belief that the offender violated a specific law.
- Probation: A sentencing alternative to imprisonment in which the court releases convicted defendants under supervision as long as certain conditions are observed.
- Probation officers: Screen applicants for pretrial release and monitor convicted offenders released under court supervision.
- Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
- Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
- Receivership court: means the circuit court that appoints a receiver for a bank pursuant to this article. See Virginia Code 6.2-925
- Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.
- State bank: means a bank incorporated under the laws of the Commonwealth and that has its principal place of business in the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 6.2-800
- Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights.
- Summons: Another word for subpoena used by the criminal justice system.
- Supreme Court: means the Supreme Court of Virginia. See Virginia Code 1-249
- Testify: Answer questions in court.
- Tort: A civil wrong or breach of a duty to another person, as outlined by law. A very common tort is negligent operation of a motor vehicle that results in property damage and personal injury in an automobile accident.
- Trust business: has the meaning assigned to it in § 6. See Virginia Code 6.2-800
- Trust company: has the meaning assigned to it in § 6. See Virginia Code 6.2-800