As used in this chapter:

(1) “Atomic energy” has the same meaning as provided in 42 USC 2014, as amended from time to time;

(2) “By-product material” means each of the following: (A) Any radioactive material, other than special nuclear material, that is yielded in or made radioactive by exposure to radiation which is incidental to the process of producing or utilizing special nuclear material; (B) the tailings or wastes produced by the extraction or concentration of uranium or thorium from any ore processed primarily for its source material content, including discrete surface wastes resulting from uranium solution extraction processes but excluding any underground ore bodies depleted by such solution extraction processes; (C) any discrete source of radium-226 that is produced, extracted or converted after extraction for use for a commercial, medical or research activity; (D) any material that was made radioactive by use of a particle accelerator and that is produced, extracted or converted after extraction for use for a commercial, medical or research activity; and (E) any discrete source of naturally occurring radioactive material, other than source material, that is extracted or converted after extraction for use in a commercial, medical or research activity, if the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission determines that the source would pose a threat similar to the threat posed by a discrete source of radium-226 to the public health and safety;

(3) “Production facility” has the same meaning as provided in 42 USC 2014, as amended from time to time;

(4) “Special nuclear material” means: (A) Plutonium, uranium 233, uranium enriched in the isotope 233 or in the isotope 235, and any other material if the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission determines the material to be such special nuclear material, but does not include source material; or (B) any material artificially enriched by any elements, isotopes or materials listed in subparagraph (A) of this subdivision not including source materials;

(5) “Utilization facility” has the same meaning as provided in 42 USC 2014, as amended from time to time;

(6) “Radioactive material” means any solid, liquid or gas that emits ionizing radiation spontaneously;

(7) “Source material” means each of the following: (A) Uranium, thorium or any combination of said elements, in any physical or chemical form; (B) any other material if the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission determines the material to be source material; and (C) ores that contain uranium, thorium or any combination of said elements in a concentration by weight of 0.05 per cent or more, or in such lower concentration if the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission determines the material in such concentration to be source material;

(8) “Naturally occurring radioactive material” means material that contains radionuclides that are naturally present in the environment in materials, including, but not limited to, rocks, soil, minerals, natural gas, petroleum and ground or surface water;

(9) “Discrete source” means a radionuclide that was processed such that its concentration within a material was purposely increased for use for commercial, medical or research activities.