Terms Used In California Codes > Penal Code > Part 1 > Title 11

• Action: includes a civil action and a special proceeding of a civil nature. See California Government Code 14172
• Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
• Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
• Board: means any department receiving an allocation from the Department of Finance. See California Government Code 14554.8
• Board: means any department receiving an allocation of bond proceeds pursuant to this chapter. See California Government Code 14556.12
• City: includes "city and county" and "incorporated town" but does not include "unincorporated town" or "village. See California Education Code 19429
• Commission: means the California Transportation Commission. See California Government Code 20037.9
• Committee: means the Seismic Retrofit Finance Committee created pursuant to Section 8879. See California Government Code 14554.8
• Committee: means the Highway Safety, Traffic Reduction, Air Quality, and Port Security Committee created pursuant to Section 8879. See California Government Code 14556.12
• Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
• county: includes "city and county". See California Education Code 1012
• Court: means the trial court in which the action is pending, unless otherwise specified. See California Government Code 14172
• Department: means the Department of Transportation. See California Government Code 20037.9
• Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. ^Source:
• Electronic: means relating to technology having electrical, digital, magnetic, wireless, optical, electromagnetic, or similar capabilities. See California Government Code 14172
• Electronically stored information: means information that is stored in an electronic medium. See California Government Code 14172
• Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
• Felony: A crime carrying a penalty of more than a year in prison.
• Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.
• Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
• Fund: means the Seismic Retrofit Bond Fund of 1996 created pursuant to Section 8879. See California Government Code 14554.8
• Fund: means the Highway Safety, Traffic Reduction, Air Quality, and Port Security Fund of 2006 created pursuant to Section 8879. See California Government Code 14556.12
• Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.
• Indictment: The formal charge issued by a grand jury stating that there is enough evidence that the defendant committed the crime to justify having a trial; it is used primarily for felonies.
• knowingly: import s only a knowledge that the facts exist which bring the act or omission within the provisions of this code. See California Education Code 1012
• license: shall include a permit or a certificate issued by a state agency. See California Education Code 1097
• magistrate: signifies any one of the officers mentioned in Section 808. See California Education Code 1012
• maliciously: import a wish to vex, annoy, or injure another person, or an intent to do a wrongful act, established either by proof or presumption of law. See California Education Code 1012
• Nolo contendere: No contest-has the same effect as a plea of guilty, as far as the criminal sentence is concerned, but may not be considered as an admission of guilt for any other purpose.
• Oath: A promise to tell the truth.
• Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
• peace officer: signify any one of the officers mentioned in Chapter 4. See California Education Code 1012
• Person: includes a corporation as well as a natural person. See California Education Code 17389
• person: includes a corporation as well as a natural person. See California Education Code 1012
• Plea: In a criminal case, the defendant's statement pleading "guilty" or "not guilty" in answer to the charges, a declaration made in open court.
• Pleadings: Written statements of the parties in a civil case of their positions. In the federal courts, the principal pleadings are the complaint and the answer.
• Private law: A private bill enacted into law. Private laws have restricted applicability, often addressing immigration and naturalization issues affecting individuals.
• Process: signifies a writ or summons issued in the course of a judicial proceeding. See California Education Code 17389
• property: includes both real and personal property. See California Education Code 1012
• Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.
• Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
• State: includes the District of Columbia and the territories when applied to the different parts of the United States, and the words "United States" may include the district and territories. See California Education Code 17389
• state: when applied to the different parts of the United States, includes the District of Columbia and the territories, and the words "United States" may include the district and territories. See California Education Code 1012
• state agency: includes every state office, officer, department, division, bureau, board, and commission. See California Government Code 11000
• State Highway Account: means the State Highway Account in the State Transportation Fund. See California Government Code 14554.8
• Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
• Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights.
• Town: includes "unincorporated town" and "village. See California Education Code 19430
• Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
• vessel: means a vessel as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 651 of the Harbors and Navigation Code. See California Education Code 1012
• willfully: when applied to the intent with which an act is done or omitted, implies simply a purpose or willingness to commit the act, or make the omission referred to. See California Education Code 1012
• Writing: includes printing and typewriting. See California Education Code 17389