Terms Used In New York Laws > Judiciary > Article 20 - Collection of Fines

• Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
• Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
• Child: shall mean a person under the age of twenty-one years whose custody, care and custody, or custody and guardianship have been committed to a social services official prior to such person's eighteenth birthday pursuant to section three hundred fifty-eight-a, three hundred eighty-three-c, three hundred eighty-four, three hundred eighty-four-a or three hundred eighty-four-b of this chapter or article three, seven, ten or 10-C of the family court act. See N.Y. Social Services Law 458-A
• Child: means a person actually or apparently under the age of eighteen years;
  
  2. See N.Y. Social Services Law 371
• Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
• Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
• Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. ^Source:
• Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
• family support services programs: shall mean a program established pursuant to this title to provide community-based supportive services to children and families with the goal of (i) preventing a child from being adjudicated a person in need of supervision and help prevent the out of home placements of such youth or (ii) preventing a petition from being filed under article seven of the family court act, or (iii) reducing future interaction with the juvenile justice or child welfare systems for children under twelve years of age who do not fall under the definition of juvenile delinquent pursuant to subparagraph (iii) of paragraph (a) of subdivision one of section 301. See N.Y. Social Services Law 458-M
• Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
• Home: includes a family boarding home or a family free home. See N.Y. Social Services Law 371
• Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
• Juror: A person who is on the jury.
• Juvenile delinquent: means a person as defined in section 301. See N.Y. Social Services Law 371
• Person in need of supervision: means a person as defined in section seven hundred twelve of the family court act. See N.Y. Social Services Law 371
• Personal property: All property that is not real property.
• Probation: A sentencing alternative to imprisonment in which the court releases convicted defendants under supervision as long as certain conditions are observed.
• Prospective successor guardian: shall mean a person or persons whom a prospective relative guardian or a relative guardian seeks to name or names in the original kinship guardianship assistance agreement, or any amendment thereto, as set forth in section four hundred fifty-eight-b of this title, as the person or persons to provide care and guardianship for a child in the event of the death or incapacity of a relative guardian, who has not been approved in accordance with subparagraph (ii) of paragraph (b) of subdivision five of section four hundred fifty-eight-b of this title. See N.Y. Social Services Law 458-A
• Relative guardian: shall mean a person or persons who was appointed, as a guardian or permanent guardian for a child after entering into an agreement with a social services official for the receipt of payments and services in accordance with this title. See N.Y. Social Services Law 458-A
• Social services official: shall mean a county commissioner of social services, a city commissioner of social services, or an Indian tribe with which the office of children and family services has entered into an agreement to provide foster care services in accordance with subdivision two of section thirty-nine of this chapter. See N.Y. Social Services Law 458-A
• Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
• Successor guardian: shall mean a person or persons that is approved by a local social services district to receive payments pursuant to this title in accordance with subparagraph (ii) of paragraph (b) of subdivision five of section four hundred fifty-eight-b of this title and that has been named in the agreement in effect between the relative guardian and social services official for kinship guardianship assistance payments pursuant to this title who shall provide care and guardianship for a child in the event of death or incapacity of the relative guardian, as set forth in section four hundred fifty-eight-b of this title, who has assumed care for and is the guardian or permanent guardian of such child, provided that such person was appointed guardian or permanent guardian of such child by the court following, or due to, the death or incapacity of the relative guardian. See N.Y. Social Services Law 458-A
• Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.