Terms Used In Hawaii Revised Statutes > Chapter 122A - Hawaii State Defense Force

• Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
• Affiliate: means :

  (1) A person who directly or indirectly owns, controls, or holds with power to vote, twenty or more per cent of the outstanding voting securities of the debtor, other than a person who holds the securities:

  (A) As a fiduciary or agent without sole discretionary power to vote the securities; or

  (B) Solely to secure a debt, if the person has not in fact exercised the power to vote;

  (2) A corporation, twenty or more per cent of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned, controlled, or held with power to vote, by the debtor, or by a person who directly or indirectly owns, controls, or holds with power to vote, twenty or more per cent of the outstanding voting securities of the debtor, other than a person who holds the securities:

  (A) As a fiduciary or agent without sole discretionary power to vote the securities; or

  (B) Solely to secure a debt, if the person has not in fact exercised the power to vote;

  (3) A person whose business is operated by the debtor under a lease or other agreement, or a person substantially all of whose assets are controlled by the debtor; or

  (4) A person who operates the debtor's business under a lease or other agreement or controls substantially all of the debtor's assets. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 651C-1

• Affirmed: In the practice of the appellate courts, the decree or order is declared valid and will stand as rendered in the lower court.
• Annuity: A periodic (usually annual) payment of a fixed sum of money for either the life of the recipient or for a fixed number of years. A series of payments under a contract from an insurance company, a trust company, or an individual. Annuity payments are made at regular intervals over a period of more than one full year.
• Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
• Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
• Appellate: About appeals; an appellate court has the power to review the judgement of another lower court or tribunal.
• Appellate board: means the labor and industrial relations appeals board. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 386-1
• Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
• Aquatic life: means any type or species of mammal, fish, amphibian, reptile, mollusk, crustacean, arthropod, invertebrate, coral, or other animal that inhabits the freshwater or marine environment and includes any part, product, egg, or offspring thereof; or freshwater or marine plants, including seeds, roots, products, and other parts thereof. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 187A-1
• Asset: means property of a debtor but does not include:

  (1) Property to the extent that it is encumbered by a valid lien;

  (2) Property to the extent that it is generally exempt under nonbankruptcy law; or

  (3) An interest in property held in tenancy by the entireties to the extent that it is not subject to process by a creditor holding a claim against only one tenant. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 651C-1

• Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
• Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.
• Attending physician: means a physician who is primarily responsible for the treatment of a work injury. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 386-1
• Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
• Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. ^{Source: OCC}
• Board: means the board of land and natural resources. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 187A-1
• Claim: means a right to payment, whether or not the right is reduced to judgment, liquidated, unliquidated, fixed, contingent, matured, unmatured, disputed, undisputed, legal, equitable, secured, or unsecured. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 651C-1
• Clerk of court: An officer appointed by the court to work with the chief judge in overseeing the court's administration, especially to assist in managing the flow of cases through the court and to maintain court records.
• Commercial marine license: means a license issued to take marine life within or outside the State for commercial purpose. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 187A-1
• Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
• Compensation: means all benefits accorded by this chapter to an employee or the employee's dependents on account of a work injury as defined in this section; it includes medical and rehabilitation benefits, income and indemnity benefits in cases of disability or death, and the allowance for funeral and burial expenses. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 386-1
• Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
• Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
• Contributions: means the amounts of money authorized by this chapter to be withheld from employees' wages for the payment of temporary disability benefits. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 392-3
• Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
• Counterclaim: A claim that a defendant makes against a plaintiff.
• county: includes the city and county of Honolulu. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 1-22
• Creditor: means a person who has a claim against a debtor. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 651C-1
• Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
• Debt: means liability on a claim. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 651C-1
• Debtor: means a person against whom a creditor has a claim. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 651C-1
• Decedent: A deceased person.
• Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
• Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
• Defendant: means a person (including a corporation, association, partnership, firm, or governmental entity) against whom litigation is brought or maintained, or sought to be brought or maintained. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 634J-1
• Department: means the department of labor and industrial relations. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 386-1
• Department: means the department of labor and industrial relations. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 392-3
• Department: means the department of land and natural resources. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 187A-1
• Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
• Deposition: An oral statement made before an officer authorized by law to administer oaths. Such statements are often taken to examine potential witnesses, to obtain discovery, or to be used later in trial.
• Director: means the director of labor and industrial relations. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 386-1
• Director: means the director of labor and industrial relations. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 388-1
• Director: means the director of labor and industrial relations. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 392-3
• Disability: means loss or impairment of a physical or mental function. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 386-1
• Disability: means total inability of an employee to perform the duties of the employee's employment caused by sickness, pregnancy, termination of pregnancy, organ donation, or accident other than a work injury as defined in § 386-3. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 392-3
• Disciplinary action: means personnel action by an employer in the form of punishment against an employee for infraction of employer or contract rules, in the form of a reprimand, suspension, or discharge. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 386-1
• Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
• Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. ^Source:
• Docket: A log containing brief entries of court proceedings.
• Electronic funds transfer: The transfer of money between accounts by consumer electronic systems-such as automated teller machines (ATMs) and electronic payment of bills-rather than by check or cash. (Wire transfers, checks, drafts, and paper instruments do not fall into this category.) ^{Source: OCC}
• Electronic transfer: includes but is not limited to point-of-sale transfers, automated teller machine transactions, direct deposits or withdrawals of funds, and transfers initiated by a telephone conversation. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 388-1
• employed: means service, including service in interstate commerce, performed for wages under any contract of hire, written or oral, express or implied, with an employer, except as otherwise provided in §§ 392-4 and 392-5. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 392-3
• Employee: means any individual in the employment of another person. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 386-1
• Employee: includes any person suffered or permitted to work. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 388-1
• Employer: means any person having one or more persons in the person's employment. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 386-1
• Employer: includes any individual; partnership; association; joint-stock company; trust; corporation; the personal representative of the estate of a deceased individual or the receiver, trustee, or successor of any of the same; general contractor, for purposes of wages owed to the employees of a subcontractor, as those terms are defined in section 388-11. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 388-1
• Employer: means any individual or type of organization, including the State, any of its political subdivisions, any instrumentality of the State or its political subdivisions, any partnership, association, trust, estate, joint stock company, insurance company, or corporation, whether domestic or foreign, or receiver or trustee in bankruptcy, or the legal representative of a deceased person, who has one or more individuals in employment during any day or portion of a day. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 392-3
• Employment: means any service performed by an individual for another person under any contract of hire or apprenticeship, express or implied, oral or written, whether lawfully or unlawfully entered into. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 386-1
• Entitlement: A Federal program or provision of law that requires payments to any person or unit of government that meets the eligibility criteria established by law. Entitlements constitute a binding obligation on the part of the Federal Government, and eligible recipients have legal recourse if the obligation is not fulfilled. Social Security and veterans' compensation and pensions are examples of entitlement programs.
• Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
• Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
• Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
• Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.
• Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. ^{Source: OCC}
• Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
• Garnishment: Generally, garnishment is a court proceeding in which a creditor asks a court to order a third party who owes money to the debtor or otherwise holds assets belonging to the debtor to turn over to the creditor any of the debtor
• Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.
• Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
• In propria persona: means on the person's own behalf acting as plaintiff. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 634J-1
• Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
• Insider: includes :

  (1) If the debtor is an individual:

  (A) A relative of the debtor or of a general partner of the debtor;

  (B) A partnership in which the debtor is a general partner;

  (C) A general partner in a partnership described in subparagraph (B); or

  (D) A corporation of which the debtor is a director, officer, or person in control;

  (2) If the debtor is a corporation:

  (A) A director of the debtor;

  (B) An officer of the debtor;

  (C) A person in control of the debtor;

  (D) A partnership in which the debtor is a general partner;

  (E) A general partner in a partnership described in subparagraph (D); or

  (F) A relative of a general partner, director, officer, or person in control of the debtor;

  (3) If the debtor is a partnership:

  (A) A general partner of the debtor;

  (B) A relative of a general partner in, of a general partner of, or of a person in control of the debtor;

  (C) Another partnership in which the debtor is a general partner;

  (D) A general partner in a partnership described in subparagraph (C); or

  (E) A person in control of the debtor;

  (4) An affiliate, or an insider of an affiliate as if the affiliate were the debtor; and

  (5) A managing agent of the debtor. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 651C-1

• Issuer: means the pay card issuer authorized to accept deposits and whose deposits are federally insured, and includes a person acting as a direct or indirect agent or administrator of an issuer. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 388-1
• Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
• Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). ^{Source: OCC}
• Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity.
• Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
• Lien: means a charge against or an interest in property to secure payment of a debt or performance of an obligation, including a security interest created by agreement, a judicial lien obtained by legal or equitable process or proceedings, a common-law lien, or a statutory lien. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 651C-1
• Litigation: means any civil action or proceeding, commenced, maintained, or pending in any state or federal court of record. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 634J-1
• Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
• Marine life: means any type or species of saltwater fish, shellfish, mollusks, crustaceans, coral, or other marine animals, including any part, product, egg, or offspring thereof; or seaweeds or other marine plants, including any part, product, seed, or root thereof. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 187A-1
• month: means a calendar month; and the word "year" a calendar year. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 1-20
• Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
• oath: includes a solemn affirmation. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 1-21
• Oath: A promise to tell the truth.
• Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
• Original bill: A bill which is drafted by a committee. It is introduced by the committee or subcommittee chairman after the committee votes to report it.
• Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
• Pay card: means a prepaid debit card distributed to an employee by an employer, or by another entity by arrangement with the employer, through which the employer provides the employee access to the employee's wages and is:
  (1) Issued by a federally insured depository institution authorized to accept deposits; and
  (2) Used by an employee to access wages from a pay card account and is redeemable at multiple unaffiliated merchants or service providers or automated teller machines. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 388-1
• Pay card account: means an account that is directly or indirectly established by an employer and to which transfers of the employee's wages are made. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 388-1
• Pay card fee schedule: means a written list of fees that may be charged to an employee by an issuer in connection with a pay card account or an explanation of how the fees will be determined. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 388-1
• Person: means an individual, partnership, corporation, association, organization, government or governmental subdivision or agency, business trust, estate, trust, or any other legal or commercial entity. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 651C-1
• Personal injury: includes death resulting therefrom. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 386-1
• Personal property: All property that is not real property.
• Physician: includes a doctor of medicine, a dentist, a chiropractor, an osteopath, a naturopathic physician, a psychologist, an optometrist, an advanced practice registered nurse, and a podiatrist. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 386-1
• Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.
• Plaintiff: means the person who commences, institutes or maintains litigation or causes it to be commenced, instituted, or maintained, including an attorney at law acting on the attorney's own behalf. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 634J-1
• Pleadings: Written statements of the parties in a civil case of their positions. In the federal courts, the principal pleadings are the complaint and the answer.
• Precedent: A court decision in an earlier case with facts and law similar to a dispute currently before a court. Precedent will ordinarily govern the decision of a later similar case, unless a party can show that it was wrongly decided or that it differed in some significant way.
• Property: means anything that may be the subject of ownership. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 651C-1
• Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
• Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
• Recipient of social service payments: includes :

  (1) A person who is an eligible recipient of social services such as attendant care and day care services; and

  (2) A corporation or private agency that contracts directly with the department of human services to provide attendant care and day care services authorized under the Social Security Act, as amended. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 392-3

• Relative: means an individual related within the third degree as determined by the common law, a spouse, or an individual related to a spouse within the third degree as so determined, and includes an individual in an adoptive relationship within the third degree. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 651C-1
• Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
• Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.
• Security: means an undertaking to assure payment, to the party for whose benefit the undertaking is required to be furnished, of the party's reasonable expenses, including attorney's fees, and not limited to taxable costs incurred in or in connection with a litigation instituted, caused to be instituted, or maintained or caused to be maintained by a vexatious litigant. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 634J-1
• Sequester: To separate. Sometimes juries are sequestered from outside influences during their deliberations.
• Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party.
• Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
• Shark: means any member of the class Chondrichthyes, including but not limited to: inshore species of galapagos shark (Carcharhinus galapagensis), reef blacktip shark (Carcharhinus melanopterus), gray reef shark (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos), big-nosed shark (Carcharhinus altimus), tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier), blacktip shark (Carcharhinus limbatus), smooth hammerhead shark (Sphyrna zygaena), reef whitetip shark (Triaenodon obesus), scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini), sandbar shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus), offshore species of white shark (Carcharodon carcharias), shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus), silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis), blue shark (Prionace glauca), whale shark (Rhincodon typus), thresher shark (Alopias vulpinus), oceanic whitetip shark (Carcharhinus longimanus), cookie cutter shark (Isistius brasiliensis), and megamouth shark (Megachasma pelagios). See Hawaii Revised Statutes 187A-1
• Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
• Summons: Another word for subpoena used by the criminal justice system.
• Temporary restraining order: Prohibits a person from an action that is likely to cause irreparable harm. This differs from an injunction in that it may be granted immediately, without notice to the opposing party, and without a hearing. It is intended to last only until a hearing can be held.
• Testify: Answer questions in court.
• to fish: means catching, taking, or harvesting, or attempting to catch, take, or harvest, aquatic life. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 187A-1
• Tort: A civil wrong or breach of a duty to another person, as outlined by law. A very common tort is negligent operation of a motor vehicle that results in property damage and personal injury in an automobile accident.
• Total disability: means disability of such an extent that the disabled employee has no reasonable prospect of finding regular employment of any kind in the normal labor market. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 386-1
• Transfer: means every mode, direct or indirect, absolute or conditional, voluntary or involuntary, of disposing of or parting with an asset or an interest in an asset, and includes a payment of money, a release, a lease, and the creation of a lien or encumbrance. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 651C-1
• Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
• Trust account: A general term that covers all types of accounts in a trust department, such as estates, guardianships, and agencies. ^{Source: OCC}
• Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
• Uniform Commercial Code: A set of statutes enacted by the various states to provide consistency among the states' commercial laws. It includes negotiable instruments, sales, stock transfers, trust and warehouse receipts, and bills of lading. ^{Source: OCC}
• Vexatious litigant: means a plaintiff who does any of the following:

  (1) In the immediately preceding seven-year period has commenced, prosecuted, or maintained in propria persona at least five civil actions other than in a small claims court that have been:

  (A) Finally determined adversely to the plaintiff; or

  (B) Unjustifiably permitted to remain pending at least two years without having been brought to trial or hearing;

  (2) After litigation has been finally resolved against the plaintiff, relitigates or attempts to relitigate in propria persona and in bad faith, either:

  (A) The validity of the determination against the same defendant or defendants as to whom the litigation was finally determined; or

  (B) The cause of action, claim, controversy, or any of the issues of fact or law, determined or concluded by the final determination against the same defendant or defendants as to whom the litigation was finally determined;

  (3) In any litigation while acting in propria persona, files, in bad faith, unmeritorious motions, pleadings, or other papers, conducts unnecessary discovery, or engages in other tactics that are frivolous or solely intended to cause unnecessary delay; or

  (4) Has previously been declared to be a vexatious litigant by any state or federal court of record in any action or proceeding based upon the same or substantially similar facts, transaction, or occurrence. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 634J-1

• Vocational rehabilitation services: means services provided in a rehabilitation program to assist an employee in obtaining and maintaining suitable gainful employment that may include but shall not be limited to on-the-job training, job modification, vocational evaluation, adjustment to disability, counseling, guidance, vocational and personal adjustment, referrals, transportation, training, supplies, equipment, appliances, aid, occupational licenses, and other goods and services needed to assist an employee in obtaining and maintaining suitable gainful employment. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 386-1
• Wages: means all remuneration for services constituting employment. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 386-1
• Wages: means compensation for labor or services rendered by an employee, whether the amount is determined on a time, task, piece, commission, or other basis of calculation. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 388-1
• Wages: means all remuneration for services from whatever source, including commissions, bonuses, tips or gratuities received in the course of employment from others than the employer to the extent that they are customary and expected in that type of employment and reported to the employer for payroll tax deduction purposes, and the cash value of all remuneration in any medium other than cash. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 392-3
• Weekly benefit amount: means the amount payable under this chapter for a period of continuous disability throughout a calendar week. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 392-3
• Work injury: means a personal injury suffered under the conditions specified in § 386-3. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 386-1
• Writ: A formal written command, issued from the court, requiring the performance of a specific act.