Indiana Code 24-4.5-1-301.5. Definitions

Sec. 301.5. In addition to definitions appearing in subsequent chapters in this article, the following definitions apply throughout this article:

(1) “Affiliate”, with respect to any person subject to this article, means a person that, directly or indirectly, through one (1) or more intermediaries:

Terms Used In Indiana Code 24-4.5-1-301.5

Appraisal: A determination of property value.
Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
Federal Reserve System: The central bank of the United States. The Fed, as it is commonly called, regulates the U.S. monetary and financial system. The Federal Reserve System is composed of a central governmental agency in Washington, D.C. (the Board of Governors) and twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks in major cities throughout the United States. ^{Source: OCC}
Finance charge: The total cost of credit a customer must pay on a consumer loan, including interest. The Truth in Lending Act requires disclosure of the finance charge. ^{Source: OCC}
Fixed Rate: Having a "fixed" rate means that the APR doesn't change based on fluctuations of some external rate (such as the "Prime Rate"). In other words, a fixed rate is a rate that is not a variable rate. A fixed APR can change over time, in several circumstances:
- You are late making a payment or commit some other default, triggering an increase to a penalty rate
- The bank changes the terms of your account and you do not reject the change.
- The rate expires (if the rate was fixed for only a certain period of time).
Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). ^{Source: OCC}
Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
Month: means a calendar month, unless otherwise expressed. See Indiana Code 1-1-4-5
Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
Mortgage loan: A loan made by a lender to a borrower for the financing of real property. ^{Source: OCC}
Mortgagee: The person to whom property is mortgaged and who has loaned the money.
Mortgagor: The person who pledges property to a creditor as collateral for a loan and who receives the money.
National Credit Union Administration: The federal regulatory agency that charters and supervises federal credit unions. (NCUA also administers the National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund, which insures the deposits of federal credit unions.) ^{Source: OCC}
Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
Personal property: includes goods, chattels, evidences of debt, and things in action. See Indiana Code 1-1-4-5
Personal property: All property that is not real property.
Property: includes personal and real property. See Indiana Code 1-1-4-5
real property: include lands, tenements, and hereditaments. See Indiana Code 1-1-4-5
Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
United States: includes the District of Columbia and the commonwealths, possessions, states in free association with the United States, and the territories. See Indiana Code 1-1-4-5
Year: means a calendar year, unless otherwise expressed. See Indiana Code 1-1-4-5

(a) controls;

(b) is controlled by; or

the person subject to this article.

(2) “Agreement” means the bargain of the parties in fact as found in their language or by implication from other circumstances, including course of dealing or usage of trade or course of performance.

(3) “Agricultural purpose” means a purpose related to the production, harvest, exhibition, marketing, transportation, processing, or manufacture of agricultural products by a natural person who cultivates, plants, propagates, or nurtures the agricultural products. “Agricultural products” includes agricultural, horticultural, viticultural, and dairy products, livestock, wildlife, poultry, bees, forest products, fish and shellfish, and any and all products raised or produced on farms and any processed or manufactured products thereof.

(4) “Average daily balance” means the sum of each of the daily balances in a billing cycle divided by the number of days in the billing cycle, and if the billing cycle is a month, the creditor may elect to treat the number of days in each billing cycle as thirty (30).

(5) “Closing costs” with respect to a subordinate lien mortgage transaction includes:

(a) fees or premiums for title examination, title insurance, or similar purposes, including surveys;

(b) fees for preparation of a deed, settlement statement, or other documents;

(d) fees for notarizing deeds and other documents;

(e) appraisal fees; and

(f) fees for credit reports.

(6) “Conspicuous” refers to a term or clause when it is so written that a reasonable person against whom it is to operate ought to have noticed it.

(7) “Consumer credit” means credit offered or extended to a consumer primarily for a personal, family, or household purpose.

(8) “Consumer credit sale” is a sale of goods, services, or an interest in land in which:

(a) credit is granted by a person who regularly engages as a seller in credit transactions of the same kind;

(b) the buyer is a person other than an organization;

(d) either the debt is payable in installments or a credit service charge is made; and

(e) with respect to a sale of goods or services, either:

(i) the amount of credit extended, the written credit limit, or the initial advance does not exceed the exempt threshold amount, as adjusted in accordance with the annual adjustment of the exempt threshold amount, specified in Regulation Z (12 C.F.R. § 226.3 or 12 C.F.R. § 1026.3(b), as applicable); or

(ii) the debt is secured by personal property used or expected to be used as the principal dwelling of the buyer.

Unless the sale is made subject to this article by agreement (IC 24-4.5-2-601), “consumer credit sale” does not include a sale in which the seller allows the buyer to purchase goods or services pursuant to a lender credit card or similar arrangement or, except as provided with respect to disclosure (IC 24-4.5-2-301), debtors’ remedies (IC 24-4.5-5-201), providing payoff amounts (IC 24-4.5-2-209), and powers and functions of the department (IC 24-4.5-6), a sale of an interest in land which is a first lien mortgage transaction.

(9) “Consumer loan” means a loan made by a person regularly engaged in the business of making loans in which:

(a) the debtor is a person other than an organization;

(b) the debt is primarily for a personal, family, or household purpose;

(d) either:

(ii) the debt is secured by an interest in land or by personal property used or expected to be used as the principal dwelling of the debtor.

Except as described in IC 24-4.5-3-105, the term does not include a first lien mortgage transaction.

(10) “Credit” means the right granted by a creditor to a debtor to defer payment of debt or to incur debt and defer its payment.

(11) “Creditor” means a person:

(a) who regularly engages in the extension of consumer credit that is subject to a credit service charge or loan finance charge, as applicable, or is payable by written agreement in more than four (4) installments (not including a down payment); and

(b) to whom the obligation is initially payable, either on the face of the note or contract, or by agreement when there is not a note or contract.

(12) “Depository institution” has the meaning set forth in the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (12 U.S.C. § 1813(c)) and includes any credit union.

(13) “Director” means the director of the department of financial institutions or the director’s designee.

(14) “Dwelling” means a residential structure that contains one (1) to four (4) units, regardless of whether the structure is attached to real property. The term includes an individual:

(a) condominium unit;

(b) cooperative unit;

(d) trailer;

that is used as a residence.

(15) “Earnings” means compensation paid or payable for personal services, whether denominated as wages, salary, commission, bonus, or otherwise, and includes periodic payments under a pension or retirement program.

(16) “Employee” means an individual who is paid wages or other compensation by an employer required under federal income tax law to file Form W-2 on behalf of the individual.

(17) “Federal banking agencies” means the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the National Credit Union Administration, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

(18) “First lien mortgage transaction” means:

(a) a consumer loan; or

(b) a consumer credit sale;

that is or will be used by the debtor primarily for personal, family, or household purposes and that is secured by a mortgage or a land contract (or another consensual security interest equivalent to a mortgage or a land contract) that constitutes a first lien on a dwelling or on residential real estate upon which a dwelling is constructed or intended to be constructed.

(19) “Immediate family member” means a spouse, child, sibling, parent, grandparent, or grandchild. The term includes stepparents, stepchildren, stepsiblings, and adoptive relationships.

(20) “Individual” means a natural person.

(21) “Lender credit card or similar arrangement” means an arrangement or loan agreement, other than a seller credit card, pursuant to which a lender gives a debtor the privilege of using a credit card, letter of credit, or other credit confirmation or identification in transactions out of which debt arises:

(a) by the lender’s honoring a draft or similar order for the payment of money drawn or accepted by the debtor;

(b) by the lender’s payment or agreement to pay the debtor’s obligations; or

(22) “Licensee” means a person licensed as a creditor under this article.

(23) “Loan brokerage business” means any activity in which a person, in return for any consideration from any source, procures, attempts to procure, or assists in procuring, a mortgage transaction from a third party or any other person, whether or not the person seeking the mortgage transaction actually obtains the mortgage transaction.

(24) “Loan processor or underwriter” means an individual who performs clerical or support duties as an employee at the direction of, and subject to the supervision and instruction of, a person licensed to engage in mortgage transactions or a person exempt from licensing. For purposes of this subsection, the term “clerical or support duties” may include, after the receipt of an application, the following:

(a) The receipt, collection, distribution, and analysis of information common for the processing or underwriting of a mortgage transaction.

(b) The communication with a consumer to obtain the information necessary for the processing or underwriting of a loan, to the extent that the communication does not include:

(i) offering or negotiating loan rates or terms; or

(ii) counseling consumers about mortgage transaction rates or terms.

The term does not include an individual who is an employee of a person that is not engaged in mortgage transactions as a creditor if that person is permitted to voluntarily register with the department to sponsor the individual under IC 24-4.4-1-202(b)(8) to engage solely in the activities described in this subdivision. An individual engaging solely in loan processor or underwriter activities shall not represent to the public through advertising or other means of communicating or providing information, including the use of business cards, stationery, brochures, signs, rate lists, or other promotional items, that the individual can or will perform any of the activities of a mortgage loan originator. However, an individual who is licensed as a mortgage loan originator under IC 24-4.4 and 750 IAC 9-3, and who is sponsored by a person, as permitted by IC 24-4.4-1-202(b)(8), to engage solely as a third party loan processor or underwriter, is subject to the prohibition set forth in this subdivision with respect to the individual’s engagement under the sponsorship.

(25) “Mortgage loan originator” means an individual who, for compensation or gain, or in the expectation of compensation or gain, regularly engages in taking a mortgage transaction application or in offering or negotiating the terms of a mortgage transaction that either is made under this article or under IC 24-4.4 or is made by an employee of a person licensed to engage in mortgage transactions or by an employee of a person that is exempt from licensing, while the employee is engaging in the loan brokerage business. The term does not include the following:

(a) An individual engaged solely as a loan processor or underwriter as long as the individual works exclusively as an employee of a person licensed to engage in mortgage transactions or as an employee of a person exempt from licensing. However, the term includes an individual who is licensed as a mortgage loan originator under IC 24-4.4 and 750 IAC 9-3 and who is an employee of a person that is not engaged in mortgage transactions as a creditor if that person voluntarily registers with the department to sponsor the individual under IC 24-4.4-1-202(b)(8), to engage solely as a third party processor or underwriter.

(b) Unless the person or entity is compensated by:

(i) a creditor;

(ii) a loan broker;

(iii) another mortgage loan originator; or

(iv) any agent of the creditor, loan broker, or other mortgage loan originator described in items (i) through (iii);

a person or entity that only performs real estate brokerage activities and is licensed or registered in accordance with applicable state law.

(26) “Mortgage servicer” means the last person to whom a mortgagor or the mortgagor’s successor in interest has been instructed by a mortgagee to send payments on a loan secured by a mortgage.

(27) “Mortgage transaction” means:

(a) a consumer loan; or

(b) a consumer credit sale;

that is or will be used by the debtor primarily for personal, family, or household purposes and that is secured by a mortgage or a land contract (or another consensual security interest equivalent to a mortgage or a land contract) on a dwelling or on residential real estate upon which a dwelling is constructed or intended to be constructed.

(28) “Nationwide Multistate Licensing System and Registry” (or “Nationwide Mortgage Licensing System and Registry” or “NMLSR”) means a multistate licensing system owned and operated by the State Regulatory Registry, LLC, or by any successor or affiliated entity, for the licensing and registration of creditors, mortgage loan originators, and other persons in the mortgage or financial services industries. The term includes any other name or acronym that may be assigned to the system by the State Regulatory Registry, LLC, or by any successor or affiliated entity.

(29) “Nontraditional mortgage product” means any mortgage product other than a thirty (30) year fixed rate mortgage.

(30) “Official fees” means:

(a) fees and charges prescribed by law which actually are or will be paid to public officials for determining the existence of or for perfecting, releasing, or satisfying a security interest related to a consumer credit sale, consumer lease, or consumer loan; or

(b) premiums payable for insurance in lieu of perfecting a security interest otherwise required by the creditor in connection with the sale, lease, or loan, if the premium does not exceed the fees and charges described in subdivision (a) that would otherwise be payable.

(31) “Organization” means a corporation, a government or governmental subdivision, an agency, a trust, an estate, a partnership, a limited liability company, a cooperative, an association, a joint venture, an unincorporated organization, or any other entity, however organized.

(32) “Payable in installments” means that payment is required or permitted by written agreement to be made in more than four (4) installments not including a down payment.

(33) “Person” includes an individual or an organization.

(34) “Person related to” with respect to an individual means:

(a) the spouse of the individual;

(b) a brother, brother-in-law, sister, or sister-in-law of the individual;

(d) any other relative, by blood or marriage, of the individual or the individual’s spouse who shares the same home with the individual.

(35) “Person related to” with respect to an organization means:

(a) a person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the organization;

(b) a director, an executive officer, or a manager of the organization or a person performing similar functions with respect to the organization or to a person related to the organization;

(d) a relative by blood or marriage of a person related to the organization who shares the same home with the person.

(36) “Presumed” or “presumption” means that the trier of fact must find the existence of the fact presumed, unless and until evidence is introduced that would support a finding of its nonexistence.

(37) “Real estate brokerage activity” means any activity that involves offering or providing real estate brokerage services to the public, including the following:

(a) Acting as a real estate agent or real estate broker for a buyer, seller, lessor, or lessee of real property.

(b) Bringing together parties interested in the sale, purchase, lease, rental, or exchange of real property.

(c) Negotiating, on behalf of any party, any part of a contract relating to the sale, purchase, lease, rental, or exchange of real property (other than in connection with providing financing with respect to the sale, purchase, lease, rental, or exchange of real property).

(d) Engaging in any activity for which a person is required to be registered or licensed as a real estate agent or real estate broker under any applicable law.

(e) Offering to engage in any activity, or act in any capacity, described in this subsection.

(38) “Registered mortgage loan originator” means any individual who:

(a) meets the definition of mortgage loan originator and is an employee of:

(i) a depository institution;

(ii) a subsidiary that is owned and controlled by a depository institution and regulated by a federal banking agency; or

(iii) an institution regulated by the Farm Credit Administration; and

(b) is registered with, and maintains a unique identifier through, the NMLSR.

(39) “Regularly engaged”, with respect to a person who extends consumer credit, refers to a person who:

(a) extended consumer credit:

(i) more than twenty-five (25) times; or

(ii) more than five (5) times for a mortgage transaction secured by a dwelling;

in the preceding calendar year; or

(b) extends or will extend consumer credit:

(i) more than twenty-five (25) times; or

(ii) more than five (5) times for a mortgage transaction secured by a dwelling;

in the current calendar year, if the person did not meet the numerical standards described in subdivision (a) in the preceding calendar year.

(40) “Residential real estate” means any real property that is located in Indiana and on which there is located or intended to be constructed a dwelling.

(41) “Seller credit card” means an arrangement that gives to a buyer or lessee the privilege of using a credit card, letter of credit, or other credit confirmation or identification for the purpose of purchasing or leasing goods or services from that person, a person related to that person, or from that person and any other person. The term includes a card that is issued by a person, that is in the name of the seller, and that can be used by the buyer or lessee only for purchases or leases at locations of the named seller.

(42) “Subordinate lien mortgage transaction” means:

(a) a consumer loan; or

(b) a consumer credit sale;

that is or will be used by the debtor primarily for personal, family, or household purposes and that is secured by a mortgage or a land contract (or another consensual security interest equivalent to a mortgage or a land contract) that constitutes a subordinate lien on a dwelling or on residential real estate upon which a dwelling is constructed or intended to be constructed.

(43) “Unique identifier” means a number or other identifier assigned by protocols established by the NMLSR.

(44) “Land contract” means a contract for the sale of real estate in which the seller of the real estate retains legal title to the real estate until the total contract price is paid by the buyer.

(45) “Bona fide nonprofit organization” means an organization that does the following, as determined by the director under criteria established by the director:

(a) Maintains tax exempt status under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code.

(b) Promotes affordable housing or provides home ownership education or similar services.

(d) Receives funding and revenue and charges fees in a manner that does not encourage the organization or the organization’s employees to act other than in the best interests of the organization’s clients.

(e) Compensates the organization’s employees in a manner that does not encourage employees to act other than in the best interests of the organization’s clients.

(f) Provides to, or identifies for, debtors mortgage transactions with terms that are favorable to the debtor (as described in section 202(b)(15) of this chapter) and comparable to mortgage transactions and housing assistance provided under government housing assistance programs.

(g) Maintains certification by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development or employs counselors who are certified by the Indiana housing and community development authority.

As added by P.L.35-2010, SEC.41. Amended by P.L.89-2011, SEC.12; P.L.27-2012, SEC.15; P.L.216-2013, SEC.7; P.L.137-2014, SEC.6; P.L.73-2016, SEC.5; P.L.153-2016, SEC.2; P.L.85-2017, SEC.94; P.L.159-2017, SEC.6; P.L.69-2018, SEC.13; P.L.176-2019, SEC.12; P.L.197-2023, SEC.9.

Previous section

Next section

Chapter 1 Contents