Michigan Laws 450.845 – Electronic record considered sent or received
Current as of: 2023 | Check for updates
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(1) Unless otherwise agreed between the sender and the recipient, an electronic record is sent when it complies with all of the following:
(a) It is addressed properly or otherwise directed properly to an information processing system that the recipient uses for the purpose of receiving electronic records or information of the type sent and from which the recipient is able to retrieve the electronic record.
Terms Used In Michigan Laws 450.845
- Agreement: means the bargain of the parties in fact, as found in their language or inferred from other circumstances and from rules, regulations, and procedures given the effect of agreements under laws otherwise applicable to a particular transaction. See Michigan Laws 450.832
- Electronic: means relating to technology having electrical, digital, magnetic, wireless, optical, electromagnetic, or similar capabilities. See Michigan Laws 450.832
- Electronic record: means a record created, generated, sent, communicated, received, or stored by electronic means. See Michigan Laws 450.832
- Information: means , but is not limited to, data, text, images, sounds, codes, computer programs, software and databases. See Michigan Laws 450.832
- Information processing system: means an electronic system for creating, generating, sending, receiving, storing, displaying, or processing information. See Michigan Laws 450.832
- Person: means an individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, association, governmental entity, or any other legal entity. See Michigan Laws 450.832
- Record: means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form. See Michigan Laws 450.832
- Transaction: means an action or set of actions occurring between 2 or more persons relating to the conduct of business, commercial, or governmental affairs. See Michigan Laws 450.832
(b) It is in a form capable of being processed by that system.
(c) The record enters an information processing system outside the control of the sender or of a person that sent the electronic record on behalf of the sender or enters a region of the information processing system used by the recipient that is under the control of the recipient.
(2) Unless otherwise agreed between a sender and the recipient, an electronic record is received when it complies with all of the following:
(a) It enters an information processing system that the recipient uses for the purpose of receiving electronic records or information of the type sent and from which the recipient is able to retrieve the electronic record.
(b) It is in a form capable of being processed by that system.
(3) Subsection (2) applies even if the place the information processing system is located is different from the place the electronic record is considered to be received under subsection (4).
(4) Unless otherwise expressly provided in the electronic record or agreed between the sender and the recipient, an electronic record is considered to be sent from the sender’s place of business and to be received at the recipient’s place of business. For purposes of this subsection, all of the following rules apply:
(a) If the sender or recipient has more than 1 place of business, the place of business of that person is the place having the closest relationship to the underlying transaction.
(b) If the sender or the recipient does not have a place of business, the place of business is the sender’s or recipient’s residence.
(5) An electronic record is received under subsection (2) even if no individual is aware of its receipt.
(6) Receipt of an electronic acknowledgment from an information processing system described in subsection (2) establishes that a record was received but, by itself, does not establish that the content sent corresponds to the content received.
(7) If a person is aware that an electronic record purportedly sent under subsection (1), or purportedly received under subsection (2), was not actually sent or received, the legal effect of the sending or receipt is determined by other applicable law. Except to the extent permitted by the other law, the requirements of this subsection may not be varied by agreement.