Terms Used In New York Laws > Indian > Article 5 - The Seneca Indians On the Allegany and Cattaraugus Reservations

• Acquittal:
  1. Judgement that a criminal defendant has not been proved guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.
  2. A verdict of "not guilty."
   
• Advice and consent: Under the Constitution, presidential nominations for executive and judicial posts take effect only when confirmed by the Senate, and international treaties become effective only when the Senate approves them by a two-thirds vote.
• Allegation: something that someone says happened.
• Amortization: Paying off a loan by regular installments.
• Appellate: About appeals; an appellate court has the power to review the judgement of another lower court or tribunal.
• Appraisal: A determination of property value.
• Attorney-at-law: A person who is legally qualified and licensed to practice law, and to represent and act for clients in legal proceedings.
• balance sheet liability contribution: when used in relation to the New York city employees' retirement system, shall mean a payment of contribution which is required by the provisions of item (iv) of subparagraph (a) of paragraph one of subdivision b of section 13-127 of the administrative code of the city of New York to be made to such retirement system with respect to any fiscal year of the city preceding July first, nineteen hundred ninety. See N.Y. Education Law 6202
• Bank: means a bank, trust company, private banker, savings bank, savings and loan association, credit union, investment company organized under article twelve of this chapter and authorized to accept deposits, national bank, federal savings association, federal credit union, or out-of-state state bank, as such term is defined in subdivision two of section two hundred twenty-two of this chapter, having a principal, branch or trust office in this state. See N.Y. Banking Law 554
• Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
• Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. ^{Source: OCC}
• board: means the board of higher education of the city of New York. See N.Y. Education Law 6250
• board of trustees: means the board of trustees of the city university of New York. See N.Y. Education Law 6202
• certified ESL school: shall mean a language school conducted for-profit which provides instruction in English as a second language and which accepts no public funds and is certified pursuant to paragraph f of subdivision four of this section; and
  
  c. See N.Y. Education Law 5001
• city: shall mean the city of New York. See N.Y. Education Law 6250
• city university: shall mean the city university of New York, including each senior college and each community college. See N.Y. Education Law 6202
• city university: means the city university of New York under the jurisdiction of the board of higher education of the city of New York. See N.Y. Education Law 6250
• community college: shall mean an institution of higher education in the city of New York, which is governed and administered as such, by the board of trustees on July first, nineteen hundred seventy-nine, whose primary purpose is providing certificate and associate degree post secondary programs in general and technical educational subjects, and is receiving financial assistance from the state as a community college. See N.Y. Education Law 6202
• comptroller: shall mean the comptroller of the city of New York. See N.Y. Education Law 6250
• contributions for twenty-year amortization of nineteen hundred ninety senior college consolidated UAL and senior college remainder of BSL: shall mean all of the installments of contribution and contributions referred to in subdivisions 8-i to 8-n, inclusive, of this section which are required to be paid by the city and the state during the applicable twenty-year amortization period pursuant to section sixty-two hundred thirty-one of this article and the applicable provisions of subdivision bb of section 13-638. See N.Y. Education Law 6202
• Counterclaim: A claim that a defendant makes against a plaintiff.
• Credit report: A detailed report of an individual's credit history prepared by a credit bureau and used by a lender in determining a loan applicant's creditworthiness. ^{Source: OCC}
• Dower: A widow
• electing employee: shall mean any eligible employee who exercises his election pursuant to this article to come under the optional retirement program. See N.Y. Education Law 6250
• eligible employees: means members of the instructional staffs of the colleges administered by the board of higher education in the city of New York pursuant to the provisions of Article one hundred twenty-five of the education law, who are employed in the following titles: president, dean, director, professor, associate professor, assistant professor, instructor, tutor, fellow, lecturer, librarian, associate librarian, assistant librarian, library assistant, registrar, assistant registrar, registrar's assistant, principal, first assistant, supervisor, assistant teacher, critic teacher, teacher, college science assistant, college science technician, college engineering technician, and any other members of the instructional staffs of such colleges as defined in section sixty-two hundred six, subdivision 1b of the education law, and such other titles as the board in its discretion may add thereto, by reason of their close relationship to the educational purposes required to carry on the functions of the city university. See N.Y. Education Law 6250
• Escrow: Money given to a third party to be held for payment until certain conditions are met.
• Executor: A male person named in a will to carry out the decedent
• Extradition: The formal process of delivering an accused or convicted person from authorities in one state to authorities in another state.
• Fair Credit Reporting Act: A federal law, established in 1971 and revised in 1997, that gives consumers the right to see their credit records and correct any mistakes. ^{Source: OCC}
• Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.
• Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation: A government corporation that insures the deposits of all national and state banks that are members of the Federal Reserve System. ^{Source: OCC}
• Federal Reserve System: The central bank of the United States. The Fed, as it is commonly called, regulates the U.S. monetary and financial system. The Federal Reserve System is composed of a central governmental agency in Washington, D.C. (the Board of Governors) and twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks in major cities throughout the United States. ^{Source: OCC}
• Fixed Rate: Having a "fixed" rate means that the APR doesn't change based on fluctuations of some external rate (such as the "Prime Rate"). In other words, a fixed rate is a rate that is not a variable rate. A fixed APR can change over time, in several circumstances:
  • You are late making a payment or commit some other default, triggering an increase to a penalty rate
  • The bank changes the terms of your account and you do not reject the change.
  • The rate expires (if the rate was fixed for only a certain period of time).
• Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. ^{Source: OCC}
• Forgery: The fraudulent signing or alteration of another's name to an instrument such as a deed, mortgage, or check. The intent of the forgery is to deceive or defraud. ^{Source: OCC}
• Grand jury: agreement providing that a lender will delay exercising its rights (in the case of a mortgage,
• Guarantor: A party who agrees to be responsible for the payment of another party's debts should that party default. ^{Source: OCC}
• Immediate family member: means a spouse, child, sibling, parent, grandparent, or grandchild. See N.Y. Banking Law 599-B
• Indictment: The formal charge issued by a grand jury stating that there is enough evidence that the defendant committed the crime to justify having a trial; it is used primarily for felonies.
• Individual: means a natural person. See N.Y. Banking Law 599-B
• Insured: means a person who enters into a premium finance agreement with a premium finance agency or makes and delivers a premium finance agreement to, or to the order of, an insurance agent or broker, whether or not he is insured under an insurance contract, premiums for which are advanced or to be advanced under the premium finance agreement. See N.Y. Banking Law 554
• insurer: shall mean a life insurance corporation, or other corporation subject to supervision by the department of financial services of the state of New York. See N.Y. Education Law 6250
• Intangible property: Property that has no intrinsic value, but is merely the evidence of value such as stock certificates, bonds, and promissory notes.
• Interest rate: The amount paid by a borrower to a lender in exchange for the use of the lender's money for a certain period of time. Interest is paid on loans or on debt instruments, such as notes or bonds, either at regular intervals or as part of a lump sum payment when the issue matures. ^{Source: OCC}
• Juror: A person who is on the jury.
• Lending institution: means a bank or a lender licensed pursuant to article nine of this chapter. See N.Y. Banking Law 554
• Lineal descendant: Direct descendant of the same ancestors.
• Loan processor or underwriter: means an individual who performs clerical or support duties as an employee at the direction of and subject to the supervision and instruction of a person licensed, or exempt from licensing, under this article, provided that such individual does not represent to the public, through advertising or other means of communicating or providing information, including the use of business cards, stationery, brochures, signs, rate lists, or other promotional items, that such individual can or will perform any of the activities of a mortgage loan originator. See N.Y. Banking Law 599-B
• mayor: shall mean the mayor of the city of New York. See N.Y. Education Law 6202
• mortgage banker: shall mean a person or entity who or which is licensed pursuant to section five hundred ninety-one of this chapter to engage in the business of making mortgage loans in this state;
  
  (g) "Registrant" or "mortgage broker" shall mean a person or entity registered pursuant to section five hundred ninety-one-a of this chapter to engage in the business of soliciting, processing, placing or negotiating mortgage loans for others, or offering to solicit, process, place or negotiate mortgage loans for others;
  
  (h) "Mortgage loan servicer" or "servicer" shall mean a person or entity registered pursuant to subdivision two of this section to engage in the business of servicing mortgage loans for property located in this state;
  
  (i) "Servicing mortgage loans" shall mean receiving any scheduled periodic payments from a borrower pursuant to the terms of any mortgage loan, including amounts for escrow accounts under section six-k of this chapter, title three-A of Article 9 of the real property tax law or section ten of 12 U. See N.Y. Banking Law 590
• Mortgage loan: shall mean a loan to a natural person made primarily for personal, family or household use, secured by either a mortgage or deed of trust on residential real property, any certificate of stock or other evidence of ownership in, and proprietary lease from, a corporation or partnership formed for the purpose of cooperative ownership of residential real property or, if determined by the superintendent by regulation, shall include such a loan secured by a security interest on a manufactured home;
  
  (b) "Residential real property" shall mean real property located in this state improved by a one-to-four family dwelling used or occupied, or intended to be used or occupied, wholly or partly, as the home or residence of one or more persons, but shall not refer to unimproved real property upon which such dwellings are to be constructed;
  
  (c) "Making a mortgage loan" shall mean for compensation or gain, either directly or indirectly, advancing funds, offering to advance funds, or making a commitment to advance funds to an applicant for a mortgage loan or a mortgagor as a mortgage loan;
  
  (d) "Soliciting, processing, placing or negotiating a mortgage loan" shall mean for compensation or gain, either directly or indirectly, accepting or offering to accept an application for a mortgage loan, assisting or offering to assist in the processing of an application for a mortgage loan, soliciting or offering to solicit a mortgage loan on behalf of a third party or negotiating or offering to negotiate the terms or conditions of a mortgage loan with a lender on behalf of a third party;
  
  (e) "Exempt organization" shall mean any insurance company, banking organization, foreign banking corporation licensed by the superintendent or the comptroller of the currency to transact business in this state, national bank, federal savings bank, federal savings and loan association, federal credit union, or any bank, trust company, savings bank, savings and loan association, or credit union organized under the laws of any other state, or any instrumentality created by the United States or any state with the power to make mortgage loans. See N.Y. Banking Law 590
• Mortgage loan: A loan made by a lender to a borrower for the financing of real property. ^{Source: OCC}
• Mortgage Loan Originator: means an individual who for compensation or gain or in the expectation of compensation or gain:
  
  (i) takes a residential mortgage loan application; or
  
  (ii) offers or negotiates terms of a residential mortgage loan. See N.Y. Banking Law 599-B
• Mortgagor: The person who pledges property to a creditor as collateral for a loan and who receives the money.
• National Credit Union Administration: The federal regulatory agency that charters and supervises federal credit unions. (NCUA also administers the National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund, which insures the deposits of federal credit unions.) ^{Source: OCC}
• nineteen hundred eighty unfunded accrued liability adjustment: when used in relation to the New York city employees' retirement system, shall mean the total amount which is determined pursuant to the provisions of items (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) and (v) of subparagraph (c) of paragraph (3) of subdivision b of section 13-127 of the administrative code of the city of New York to be the amount to be paid as a charge or applied as a credit, as the case may be, pursuant to the provisions of subparagraph (b) of paragraph (1) of such subdivision b, with respect to employer contributions to such retirement system for any fiscal year of the city preceding July first, nineteen hundred ninety. See N.Y. Education Law 6202
• nineteen hundred eighty-two unfunded accrued liability adjustment: when used in relation to the New York city employees' retirement system, shall mean the total amount which is determined pursuant to the provisions of item (vi) of subparagraph (c) of paragraph three of subdivision b of section 13-127 of the administrative code of the city of New York to be the amount to be applied as a credit pursuant to the provisions of subparagraph (b) of paragraph (1) of such subdivision b, with respect to employer contributions to such retirement system for any fiscal year of the city preceding July first, nineteen hundred ninety. See N.Y. Education Law 6202
• Nolo contendere: No contest-has the same effect as a plea of guilty, as far as the criminal sentence is concerned, but may not be considered as an admission of guilt for any other purpose.
• Nontraditional mortgage product: means , for purposes of this article, any mortgage product other than a thirty-year fixed rate mortgage. See N.Y. Banking Law 599-B
• NYCERS nineteen hundred eighty-five unfunded accrued liability adjustment attributable to the senior colleges: shall mean the total amount which is determined pursuant to the provisions of sub-items (H), (I), (J) and (J-1) of item (vii) of subparagraph (c) of paragraph three of subdivision b of section 13-127 of the administrative code of the city of New York to be the amount to be applied as a credit in favor of the city of New York and the state of New York with respect to their required contributions to the contingent reserve fund of the New York city employees' retirement system for any fiscal year of the city preceding July first, nineteen hundred ninety. See N.Y. Education Law 6202
• NYCTRS installment of nineteen hundred ninety BSL contribution attributable to the senior colleges: shall mean any installment defined in paragraph forty-eight of subdivision a of section 13-638. See N.Y. Education Law 6202
• NYCTRS nineteen hundred eighty-five unfunded accrued liability adjustment: shall mean the total amount which is determined pursuant to the provisions of paragraph ten of subdivision e of section 13-527 of the administrative code of the city of New York to be the amount to be applied as a credit, pursuant to the provisions of subparagraph c-1 of paragraph two of subdivision a of such section 13-527, with respect to employer contributions to the New York city teachers' retirement system for fiscal years of the city preceding July first, nineteen hundred ninety. See N.Y. Education Law 6202
• NYCTRS nineteen hundred eighty-six unfunded accrued liability adjustment: shall mean the total amount which is determined pursuant to the provisions of paragraph eleven of subdivision e of section 13-527 of the administrative code of the city of New York to be the amount to be applied as a credit, pursuant to the provisions of subparagraph c-2 of paragraph two of subdivision a of such section 13-527, with respect to employer contributions to the New York city teachers' retirement system for fiscal years of the city preceding July first, nineteen hundred ninety. See N.Y. Education Law 6202
• online education marketplace: shall mean a website or other internet-based online technology tool with which a licensed private career school or certified ESL school contracts for marketing or advertising services, or services in connection with the collection of tuition and/or fees, to the extent authorized in subdivision three of section five thousand four of this article. See N.Y. Education Law 5001
• optional retirement program: means the retirement program established pursuant to this article. See N.Y. Education Law 6250
• Originating entity: means a person or entity licensed or registered pursuant to article twelve-D of this chapter or such other employer of mortgage loan originators as the superintendent may approve. See N.Y. Banking Law 599-B
• ownership or control interest: means : with respect to a school that is organized as or owned by a corporation, a position as an officer or director of such corporation; or, with respect to a school that is organized as or owned by a partnership, a position as a partner; or any other interest totaling ten percent or more, whether direct or indirect, in the total equity or assets of such school. See N.Y. Education Law 5001
• Person: means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership or association, two or more persons having a joint or common interest, or any other legal or commercial entity. See N.Y. Banking Law 554
• Person: means an individual or any corporation, company, limited liability company, partnership, association or other entity. See N.Y. Banking Law 599-B
• Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.
• Power of attorney: A written instrument which authorizes one person to act as another's agent or attorney. The power of attorney may be for a definite, specific act, or it may be general in nature. The terms of the written power of attorney may specify when it will expire. If not, the power of attorney usually expires when the person granting it dies. ^{Source: OCC}
• Precedent: A court decision in an earlier case with facts and law similar to a dispute currently before a court. Precedent will ordinarily govern the decision of a later similar case, unless a party can show that it was wrongly decided or that it differed in some significant way.
• Premium finance agency: means :
  
  (a) a person engaged, in whole or in part, in the business of entering into premium finance agreements with insureds, including a bank if so engaged; or
  
  (b) a person engaged, in whole or in part, in the business of acquiring premium finance agreements from insurance agents or brokers or other premium finance agencies, including a bank if so engaged and an insurance agent or broker who is licensed as a premium finance agency and who holds premium finance agreements made and delivered by insureds to him or his order. See N.Y. Banking Law 554
• Premium finance agreement: means a promissory note or other written agreement by which an insured promises or agrees to pay to, or to the order of, either a premium finance agency or an insurance agent or broker the amount advanced or to be advanced under the agreement to an authorized insurer or to an insurance agent or broker in payment of premiums on an insurance contract, together with a service charge as authorized and limited by law. See N.Y. Banking Law 554
• Recourse: An arrangement in which a bank retains, in form or in substance, any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bank's claim on the asset. If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold, then the retention of any credit risk is recourse. ^{Source: FDIC}
• Registered mortgage loan originator: means any individual who:
  
  (a) Meets the definition of mortgage loan originator and is an employee of:
  
  (i) a depository institution;
  
  (ii) a subsidiary that is owned and controlled by a depository institution and regulated by a federal banking agency; or
  
  (iii) an institution regulated by the Farm Credit Administration; and
  
  (b) Is registered with, and maintains a unique identifier through, the NMLSR. See N.Y. Banking Law 599-B
• Residential mortgage loan: shall mean a loan to a natural person made primarily for personal, family or household use, secured by either a mortgage, deed of trust or other equivalent consensual security interest on a dwelling (as defined in section 1203(v) of the Truth in Lending Act) or residential real property or any certificate of stock or other evidence of ownership in, and proprietary lease from, a corporation or partnership formed for the purpose of cooperative ownership of residential real property and shall include any refinance or modification of any such existing loan. See N.Y. Banking Law 599-B
• Residential real property: shall mean real property located in this state improved by a one-to-four family residence or residential unit in a building used or occupied, or intended to be used or occupied, wholly or partly, as the home or residence of one or more persons, but shall not refer to unimproved real property upon which such residence is to be constructed. See N.Y. Banking Law 599-B
• revised unfunded accrued liability contribution: when used in relation to the New York city employees' retirement system, shall mean a payment of contribution which is required by the provisions of item (iii) of subparagraph (a) of paragraph one of subdivision b of section 13-127 of the administrative code of the city of New York to be made to such retirement system with respect to any fiscal year of the city preceding July first, nineteen hundred ninety. See N.Y. Education Law 6202
• salary: means all amounts paid by or for the city of New York as compensation for services rendered by an eligible employee. See N.Y. Education Law 6250
• senior college: shall mean an institution of higher education in the city of New York, which is governed and administered by the board of trustees, including, but not limited to, a professional or graduate institution, an institution for research, an administrative institution, and, except as otherwise provided, Medgar Evers college, New York city college of technology (formerly known as "New York city technical college" and "New York city community college"), and the college of Staten Island, but not including a community college. See N.Y. Education Law 6202
• Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights.
• Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
• Superintendent: means the superintendent of financial services. See N.Y. Banking Law 554
• Tort: A civil wrong or breach of a duty to another person, as outlined by law. A very common tort is negligent operation of a motor vehicle that results in property damage and personal injury in an automobile accident.
• Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
• True bill: Another word for indictment.
• Trust account: A general term that covers all types of accounts in a trust department, such as estates, guardianships, and agencies. ^{Source: OCC}
• Uniform Commercial Code: A set of statutes enacted by the various states to provide consistency among the states' commercial laws. It includes negotiable instruments, sales, stock transfers, trust and warehouse receipts, and bills of lading. ^{Source: OCC}
• Unique identifier: means a number or other identifier assigned by protocols established by the NMLSR. See N.Y. Banking Law 599-B
• Usury: Charging an illegally high interest rate on a loan. ^{Source: OCC}
• Variable Rate: Having a "variable" rate means that the APR changes from time to time based on fluctuations in an external rate, normally the Prime Rate. This external rate is known as the "index." If the index changes, the variable rate normally changes. Also see Fixed Rate.
• Venue: The geographical location in which a case is tried.
• Verdict: The decision of a petit jury or a judge.
• Workplace literacy and basic skills education: means those common branch skills and English-as-a-second-language skills that are directly related to the ability to perform occupational tasks. See N.Y. Education Law 5100