North Dakota Code 12.1-02-02 – Requirements of culpability
1. For the purposes of this title, a person engages in conduct:
Terms Used In North Dakota Code 12.1-02-02
- Offense: means conduct for which a term of imprisonment or a fine is authorized by statute after conviction. See North Dakota Code 12.1-01-04
- person: includes , where relevant, a corporation, limited liability company, partnership, unincorporated association, or other legal entity. See North Dakota Code 12.1-01-04
- Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
a. “Intentionally” if, when he engages in the conduct, it is his purpose to do so.
b. “Knowingly” if, when he engages in the conduct, he knows or has a firm belief, unaccompanied by substantial doubt, that he is doing so, whether or not it is his purpose to do so.
c. “Recklessly” if he engages in the conduct in conscious and clearly unjustifiable disregard of a substantial likelihood of the existence of the relevant facts or risks, such disregard involving a gross deviation from acceptable standards of conduct, except that, as provided in section 12.1-04-02, awareness of the risk is not required where its absence is due to self-induced intoxication.
d. “Negligently” if he engages in the conduct in unreasonable disregard of a substantial likelihood of the existence of the relevant facts or risks, such disregard involving a gross deviation from acceptable standards of conduct.
e. “Willfully” if he engages in the conduct intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly.
2. If a statute or regulation thereunder defining a crime does not specify any culpability and does not provide explicitly that a person may be guilty without culpability, the culpability that is required is willfully.
3. a. Except as otherwise expressly provided, where culpability is required, that kind of culpability is required with respect to every element of the conduct and to those attendant circumstances specified in the definition of the offense, except that where the required culpability is “intentionally”, the culpability required as to an attendant circumstance is “knowingly”.
b. Except as otherwise expressly provided, if conduct is an offense if it causes a particular result, the required degree of culpability is required with respect to the result.
c. Except as otherwise expressly provided, culpability is not required with respect to any fact which is solely a basis for grading.
d. Except as otherwise expressly provided, culpability is not required with respect to facts which establish that a defense does not exist, if the defense is defined in chapters 12.1-01 through 12.1-06; otherwise the least kind of culpability required for the offense is required with respect to such facts.
e. A factor as to which it is expressly stated that it must “in fact” exist is a factor for which culpability is not required.
4. Any lesser degree of required culpability is satisfied if the proven degree of culpability is higher.
5. Culpability is not required as to the fact that conduct is an offense, except as otherwise expressly provided in a provision outside this title.