34A-2-413. Permanent total disability — Amount of payments — Rehabilitation.
(1)
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Terms Used In Utah Code 34A-2-413
Award: means a final order of the commission as to the amount of compensation due:
Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
Disability: means an administrative determination that may result in an entitlement to compensation as a consequence of becoming medically impaired as to function. See Utah Code 34A-2-102
Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. Source:
Division: means the Division of Industrial Accidents. See Utah Code 34A-2-102
Entitlement: A Federal program or provision of law that requires payments to any person or unit of government that meets the eligibility criteria established by law. Entitlements constitute a binding obligation on the part of the Federal Government, and eligible recipients have legal recourse if the obligation is not fulfilled. Social Security and veterans' compensation and pensions are examples of entitlement programs.
Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
Impairment: is a purely medical condition reflecting an anatomical or functional abnormality or loss. See Utah Code 34A-2-102
Order: means an action of the commission that determines the legal rights, duties, privileges, immunities, or other interests of one or more specific persons, but not a class of persons. See Utah Code 34A-2-102
Process: means a writ or summons issued in the course of a judicial proceeding. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
State: when applied to the different parts of the United States, includes a state, district, or territory of the United States. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
(a)
In the case of a permanent total disability resulting from an industrial accident or occupational disease, the employee shall receive compensation as outlined in this section.
(b)
To establish entitlement to permanent total disability compensation, the employee shall prove by a preponderance of evidence that:
(i)
the employee sustained a significant impairment or combination of impairments as a result of the industrial accident or occupational disease that gives rise to the permanent total disability entitlement;
(ii)
the employee has a permanent, total disability; and
(iii)
the industrial accident or occupational disease is the direct cause of the employee’s permanent total disability.
(c)
To establish that an employee has a permanent, total disability the employee shall prove by a preponderance of the evidence that:
(i)
the employee is not gainfully employed;
(ii)
the employee has an impairment or combination of impairments that reasonably limit the employee’s ability to do basic work activities;
(iii)
the industrial or occupationally caused impairment or combination of impairments prevent the employee from performing the essential functions of the work activities for which the employee has been qualified until the time of the industrial accident or occupational disease that is the basis for the employee’s permanent total disability claim; and
(iv)
the employee cannot perform other work reasonably available, taking into consideration the employee’s:
(A)
age;
(B)
education;
(C)
past work experience;
(D)
medical capacity; and
(E)
residual functional capacity.
(d)
Evidence of an employee’s entitlement to disability benefits other than those provided under this chapter and Chapter 3, Utah Occupational Disease Act, if relevant:
In determining under Subsections (1)(b) and (c) whether an employee cannot perform other work reasonably available, the following may not be considered:
(i)
whether the employee is incarcerated in a facility operated by or contracting with a federal, state, county, or municipal government to house a criminal offender in either a secure or nonsecure setting; or
(ii)
whether the employee is not legally eligible to be employed because of a reason unrelated to the impairment or combination of impairments.
(2)
For permanent total disability compensation during the initial 312-week entitlement, compensation is 66-2/3% of the employee’s average weekly wage at the time of the injury, limited as follows:
(a)
compensation per week may not be more than 85% of the state average weekly wage at the time of the injury;
(b)
(i)
subject to Subsection (2)(b)(ii), compensation per week may not be less than the sum of $45 per week and:
(A)
$20 for a dependent spouse; and
(B)
$20 for each dependent child under the age of 18 years, up to a maximum of four dependent minor children; and
(ii)
the amount calculated under Subsection (2)(b)(i) may not exceed:
(A)
the maximum established in Subsection (2)(a); or
(B)
the average weekly wage of the employee at the time of the injury; and
(c)
after the initial 312 weeks, the minimum weekly compensation rate under Subsection (2)(b) is 36% of the current state average weekly wage, rounded to the nearest dollar.
(3)
This Subsection (3) applies to claims resulting from an accident or disease arising out of and in the course of the employee’s employment on or before June 30, 1994.
(a)
The employer or the employer’s insurance carrier is liable for the initial 312 weeks of permanent total disability compensation except as outlined in Section 34A-2-703 as in effect on the date of injury.
(b)
The employer or the employer’s insurance carrier may not be required to pay compensation for any combination of disabilities of any kind, as provided in this section and Sections 34A-2-410 through 34A-2-412 and 5, in excess of the amount of compensation payable over the initial 312 weeks at the applicable permanent total disability compensation rate under Subsection (2).
(c)
The Employers’ Reinsurance Fund shall for an overpayment of compensation described in Subsection (3)(b), reimburse the overpayment:
(i)
to the employer or the employer’s insurance carrier; and
(ii)
out of the Employers’ Reinsurance Fund’s liability to the employee.
(d)
After an employee receives compensation from the employee’s employer, the employer’s insurance carrier, or the Employers’ Reinsurance Fund for any combination of disabilities amounting to 312 weeks of compensation at the applicable permanent total disability compensation rate, the Employers’ Reinsurance Fund shall pay all remaining permanent total disability compensation.
(e)
Employers’ Reinsurance Fund payments shall commence immediately after the employer or the employer’s insurance carrier satisfies its liability under this Subsection (3) or Section 34A-2-703.
(4)
This Subsection (4) applies to claims resulting from an accident or disease arising out of and in the course of the employee’s employment on or after July 1, 1994.
(a)
The employer or the employer’s insurance carrier is liable for permanent total disability compensation.
(b)
The employer or the employer’s insurance carrier may not be required to pay compensation for any combination of disabilities of any kind, as provided in this section and Sections 34A-2-410 through 34A-2-412 and 5, in excess of the amount of compensation payable over the initial 312 weeks at the applicable permanent total disability compensation rate under Subsection (2).
(c)
The employer or the employer’s insurance carrier may recoup the overpayment of compensation described in Subsection (4) by reasonably offsetting the overpayment against future liability paid before or after the initial 312 weeks.
(5)
(a)
A finding by the commission of permanent total disability is not final, unless otherwise agreed to by the parties, until:
(i)
an administrative law judge reviews a summary of reemployment activities undertaken pursuant to Section 34A-2-413.5;
(ii)
the employer or the employer’s insurance carrier submits to the administrative law judge:
(A)
a reemployment plan as prepared by a qualified rehabilitation provider reasonably designed to return the employee to gainful employment; or
(B)
notice that the employer or the employer’s insurance carrier will not submit a plan; and
(iii)
the administrative law judge, after notice to the parties, holds a hearing, unless otherwise stipulated, to:
(A)
consider evidence regarding rehabilitation; and
(B)
review any reemployment plan submitted by the employer or the employer’s insurance carrier under Subsection (5)(a)(ii).
(b)
Before commencing the procedure required by Subsection (5)(a), the administrative law judge shall order:
(i)
the initiation of permanent total disability compensation payments to provide for the employee’s subsistence; and
(ii)
the payment of any undisputed disability or medical benefits due the employee.
(c)
Notwithstanding Subsection (5)(a), an order for payment of benefits described in Subsection (5)(b) is considered a final order for purposes of Section 34A-2-212.
(d)
The employer or the employer’s insurance carrier shall be given credit for any disability payments made under Subsection (5)(b) against its ultimate disability compensation liability under this chapter or Chapter 3, Utah Occupational Disease Act.
(e)
An employer or the employer’s insurance carrier may not be ordered to submit a reemployment plan. If the employer or the employer’s insurance carrier voluntarily submits a plan, the plan is subject to Subsections (5)(e)(i) through (iii).
(i)
The plan may include, but not require an employee to pay for:
(A)
retraining;
(B)
education;
(C)
medical and disability compensation benefits;
(D)
job placement services; or
(E)
incentives calculated to facilitate reemployment.
(ii)
The plan shall include payment of reasonable disability compensation to provide for the employee’s subsistence during the rehabilitation process.
(iii)
The employer or the employer’s insurance carrier shall diligently pursue the reemployment plan. The employer’s or insurance carrier’s failure to diligently pursue the reemployment plan is cause for the administrative law judge on the administrative law judge’s own motion to make a final decision of permanent total disability.
(f)
If a preponderance of the evidence shows that successful rehabilitation is not possible, the administrative law judge shall order that the employee be paid weekly permanent total disability compensation benefits.
(g)
If a preponderance of the evidence shows that pursuant to a reemployment plan, as prepared by a qualified rehabilitation provider and presented under Subsection (5)(e), an employee could immediately or without unreasonable delay return to work but for the following, an administrative law judge shall order that the employee be denied the payment of weekly permanent total disability compensation benefits:
(i)
incarceration in a facility operated by or contracting with a federal, state, county, or municipal government to house a criminal offender in either a secure or nonsecure setting; or
(ii)
not being legally eligible to be employed because of a reason unrelated to the impairment or combination of impairments.
(6)
(a)
The period of benefits commences on the date the employee acquired the permanent, total disability, as determined by a final order of the commission based on the facts and evidence, and ends:
(i)
with the death of the employee; or
(ii)
when the employee is capable of returning to regular, steady work.
(b)
An employer or the employer’s insurance carrier may provide or locate for a permanently totally disabled employee reasonable, medically appropriate, part-time work in a job earning at least minimum wage, except that the employee may not be required to accept the work to the extent that it would disqualify the employee from social security disability benefits.
(c)
An employee shall:
(i)
fully cooperate in the placement and employment process; and
(ii)
accept the reasonable, medically appropriate, part-time work.
(d)
In a consecutive four-week period when an employee’s gross income from the work provided under Subsection (6)(b) exceeds $500, the employer or insurance carrier may reduce the employee’s permanent total disability compensation by 50% of the employee’s income in excess of $500.
(e)
If a work opportunity is not provided by the employer or the employer’s insurance carrier, an employee with a permanent, total disability may obtain medically appropriate, part-time work subject to the offset provisions of Subsection (6)(d).
(f)
(i)
The commission shall establish rules regarding the part-time work and offset.
(ii)
The adjudication of disputes arising under this Subsection (6) is governed by 8.
(g)
The employer or the employer’s insurance carrier has the burden of proof to show that medically appropriate part-time work is available.
(h)
The administrative law judge may:
(i)
excuse an employee from participation in any work:
(A)
that would require the employee to undertake work exceeding the employee’s:
(I)
medical capacity; or
(II)
residual functional capacity; or
(B)
for good cause; or
(ii)
allow the employer or the employer’s insurance carrier to reduce permanent total disability benefits as provided in Subsection (6)(d) when reasonable, medically appropriate, part-time work is offered, but the employee fails to fully cooperate.
(7)
When an employee is rehabilitated or the employee’s rehabilitation is possible but the employee has some loss of bodily function, the award shall be for permanent partial disability.
(8)
As determined by an administrative law judge, an employee is not entitled to disability compensation, unless the employee fully cooperates with any evaluation or reemployment plan under this chapter or Chapter 3, Utah Occupational Disease Act. The administrative law judge shall dismiss without prejudice the claim for benefits of an employee if the administrative law judge finds that the employee fails to fully cooperate, unless the administrative law judge states specific findings on the record justifying dismissal with prejudice.
(9)
(a)
The loss or permanent and complete loss of the use of the following constitutes total and permanent disability that is compensated according to this section:
(i)
both hands;
(ii)
both arms;
(iii)
both feet;
(iv)
both legs;
(v)
both eyes; or
(vi)
any combination of two body members described in this Subsection (9)(a).
(b)
A finding of permanent total disability pursuant to Subsection (9)(a) is final.
(10)
(a)
An insurer or self-insured employer may periodically reexamine a permanent total disability claim, except those based on Subsection (9), for which the insurer or self-insured employer had or has payment responsibility to determine whether the employee continues to have a permanent, total disability.
(b)
Reexamination may be conducted no more than once every three years after an award is final, unless good cause is shown by the employer or the employer’s insurance carrier to allow more frequent reexaminations.
(c)
The reexamination may include:
(i)
the review of medical records;
(ii)
employee submission to one or more reasonable medical evaluations;
(iii)
employee submission to one or more reasonable rehabilitation evaluations and retraining efforts;
(iv)
employee disclosure of Federal Income Tax Returns;
(v)
employee certification of compliance with Section 34A-2-110; and
(vi)
employee completion of one or more sworn affidavits or questionnaires approved by the division.
(d)
The insurer or self-insured employer shall pay for the cost of a reexamination with appropriate employee reimbursement pursuant to rule for reasonable travel allowance and per diem as well as reasonable expert witness fees incurred by the employee in supporting the employee’s claim for permanent total disability benefits at the time of reexamination.
(e)
If an employee fails to fully cooperate in the reasonable reexamination of a permanent total disability finding, an administrative law judge may order the suspension of the employee’s permanent total disability benefits until the employee cooperates with the reexamination.
(f)
(i)
If the reexamination of a permanent total disability finding reveals evidence that reasonably raises the issue of an employee’s continued entitlement to permanent total disability compensation benefits, an insurer or self-insured employer may petition the Division of Adjudication for a rehearing on that issue. The insurer or self-insured employer shall include with the petition, documentation supporting the insurer’s or self-insured employer’s belief that the employee no longer has a permanent, total disability.
(ii)
If the petition under Subsection (10)(f)(i) demonstrates good cause, as determined by the Division of Adjudication, an administrative law judge shall adjudicate the issue at a hearing.
(iii)
Evidence of an employee’s participation in medically appropriate, part-time work may not be the sole basis for termination of an employee’s permanent total disability entitlement, but the evidence of the employee’s participation in medically appropriate, part-time work under Subsection (6) may be considered in the reexamination or hearing with other evidence relating to the employee’s status and condition.
(g)
During the period of reexamination or adjudication, if the employee fully cooperates, each insurer, self-insured employer, or the Employers’ Reinsurance Fund shall continue to pay the permanent total disability compensation benefits due the employee.
(11)
If any provision of this section, or the application of any provision to any person or circumstance, is held invalid, the remainder of this section is given effect without the invalid provision or application.
Amended by Chapter 273, 2018 General Session Amended by Chapter 451, 2018 General Session
