Terms Used In Utah Code > Title 13 > Chapter 5 - Unfair Practices Act

• Accessory dwelling unit: means a habitable living unit added to, created within, or detached from a primary single-family dwelling and contained on one lot. See Utah Code 10-9a-103
• Account: means the Uninsured Motorist Identification Restricted Account created in Section 41-12a-806. See Utah Code 41-12a-802
• Acquittal:
  1. Judgement that a criminal defendant has not been proved guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.
  2. A verdict of "not guilty."
   
• Adversely affected party: means a person other than a land use applicant who:

  (a)	owns real property adjoining the property that is the subject of a land use application or land use decision; or

  (b)

  will suffer a damage different in kind than, or an injury distinct from, that of the general community as a result of the land use decision. See Utah Code 10-9a-103 Affected entity: means a county, municipality, local district, special service district under Title 17D, Chapter 1, Special Service District Act, school district, interlocal cooperation entity established under Title 11, Chapter 13, Interlocal Cooperation Act, specified public utility, property owner, property owners association, or the Utah Department of Transportation, if: (a)  the entity's services or facilities are likely to require expansion or significant modification because of an intended use of land; (b)  the entity has filed with the municipality a copy of the entity's general or long-range plan; or (c)  the entity has filed with the municipality a request for notice during the same calendar year and before the municipality provides notice to an affected entity in compliance with a requirement imposed under this chapter. See Utah Code 10-9a-103 Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths. Agreement: means the bargain of the parties in fact, as found in their language or inferred from other circumstances and from rules, regulations, and procedures given the effect of agreements under laws otherwise applicable to a particular transaction. See Utah Code 46-4-102 Agreement: means the bargain of the parties in fact as stated in a written contract or otherwise as found in the parties' language or by implication from other circumstances, including: (a)  course of dealing; (b)  usage of trade; or (c)  course of performance. See Utah Code 70C-1-302 Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it. Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant. Appeal authority: means the person, board, commission, agency, or other body designated by ordinance to decide an appeal of a decision of a land use application or a variance. See Utah Code 10-9a-103 Appellate: About appeals; an appellate court has the power to review the judgement of another lower court or tribunal. Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization Armed forces: means the United States Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, Space Force, and Coast Guard. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5 Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account. Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court. Automated transaction: means a transaction conducted or performed, in whole or in part, by electronic means or electronic records, in which the acts or records of one or both parties are not reviewed by an individual in the ordinary course in forming a contract, performing under an existing contract, or fulfilling an obligation required by the transaction. See Utah Code 46-4-102 Certified official: means a Range Safety Officer, Firearms Instructor, or Shooting Coach certified by the National Rifle Association or equivalent national shooting organization. See Utah Code 47-3-102 Charter school: means : (i)  an operating charter school; (ii)  a charter school applicant that a charter school authorizer approves in accordance with Title 53G, Chapter 5, Part 3, Charter School Authorization; or (iii)  an entity that is working on behalf of a charter school or approved charter applicant to develop or construct a charter school building. See Utah Code 10-9a-103 City: means a municipality that is classified by population as a city of the first class, a city of the second class, a city of the third class, a city of the fourth class, or a city of the fifth class, under Section 10-2-301. See Utah Code 10-1-104 City: includes , depending on population, a metro township as defined in Section 10-3c-102. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5 Commissioner: means the commissioner of the department. See Utah Code 70D-1-102 Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant. Computer program: means a set of statements or instructions to be used directly or indirectly in an information processing system in order to bring about a certain result. See Utah Code 46-4-102 Continuance: Putting off of a hearing ot trial until a later time. Contract: means the total legal obligation resulting from the parties' agreement as affected by this chapter and other applicable law. See Utah Code 46-4-102 Contract: means a document containing written terms and conditions of a credit agreement. See Utah Code 70C-1-302 Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed. Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant. Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name. Council: means the Veterans Advisory Council. See Utah Code 71-8-1 County legislative body: means :Utah Code 68-3-12.5 Creditor: means : (i)  a party: (A)  who regularly extends consumer credit that is subject to a finance charge or is payable by written agreement in more than four installments, not including a down payment; and (B)  to whom the obligation is initially payable, either on the face of the note or contract, or by agreement when there is no note or contract; (ii)  an issuer of a credit card that extends either open-end credit or credit that: (A)  is not subject to a finance charge; and (B)  is not payable by written agreement in more than four installments; and (iii)  an issuer of a credit card that extends closed-end credit that: (A)  is subject to a finance charge; or (B)  is payable by written agreement in more than four installments. See Utah Code 70C-1-302 Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries. Database: means the Uninsured Motorist Identification Database created in Section 41-12a-803. See Utah Code 41-12a-802 Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another. Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime. Department: means the Department of Financial Institutions. See Utah Code 70D-1-102 Department: means the Department of Veterans and Military Affairs. See Utah Code 71-8-1 Department: means the Department of Public Safety. See Utah Code 41-12a-103 Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another. Designated agent: means the third party the department contracts with under Section 41-12a-803. See Utah Code 41-12a-802 Development agreement: means a written agreement or amendment to a written agreement between a municipality and one or more parties that regulates or controls the use or development of a specific area of land. See Utah Code 10-9a-103 Division: means the Driver License Division created in Section 53-3-103. See Utah Code 41-12a-802 Dwelling: means a residential structure attached to real property that contains one to four units including any of the following if used as a residence: (a)  a condominium unit; (b)  a cooperative unit; (c)  a manufactured home; or (d)  a house. See Utah Code 70C-1-302 Electronic: means relating to technology having electrical, digital, magnetic, wireless, optical, electromagnetic, or similar capabilities. See Utah Code 46-4-102 Electronic agent: means a computer program or an electronic or other automated means used independently to initiate an action or respond to electronic records or performances in whole or in part, without review or action by an individual. See Utah Code 46-4-102 Electronic record: means a record created, generated, sent, communicated, received, or stored by electronic means. See Utah Code 46-4-102 Electronic signature: means an electronic sound, symbol, or process attached to or logically associated with a record and executed or adopted by a person with the intent to sign the record. See Utah Code 46-4-102 Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. Source: U.S. Courts Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other. Executive director: means the executive director of the Department of Veterans and Military Affairs. See Utah Code 71-8-1 Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller. Finance charge: The total cost of credit a customer must pay on a consumer loan, including interest. The Truth in Lending Act requires disclosure of the finance charge. Source: OCC Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006. General plan: means a document that a municipality adopts that sets forth general guidelines for proposed future development of the land within the municipality. See Utah Code 10-9a-103 Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value. Government entity: means the state and any county, municipality, local district, special service district, and any other political subdivision or administrative unit of the state, including state institutions of education. See Utah Code 71-8-1 Governmental agency: means an executive, legislative, or judicial agency, department, board, commission, authority, institution, or instrumentality of the federal government or of a state or of a county, municipality, or other political subdivision of a state. See Utah Code 46-4-102 Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs. Guardian: includes a person who:Utah Code 68-3-12.5 Highway: includes :Utah Code 68-3-12.5 home solicitation sale: means a consumer credit sale of goods or services in which the seller or a person acting for him engages in a face-to-face solicitation of the sale at a residence or place of employment of the buyer and the buyer's agreement or offer to purchase is there given to the seller or a person acting for him. See Utah Code 70C-5-101 Impact fee: means a payment of money imposed under Title 11, Chapter 36a, Impact Fees Act. See Utah Code 10-9a-103 Information: means data, text, images, sounds, codes, computer programs, software, databases, or the like. See Utah Code 46-4-102 Information processing system: means an electronic system for creating, generating, sending, receiving, storing, displaying, or processing information. See Utah Code 46-4-102 Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury. Installment: means a payment upon a debt that is part of a series of payments, each of which is less than the original amount of the debt and scheduled as to a specific amount and due date by agreement of the parties for the purpose of repaying the debt. See Utah Code 70C-1-302 Interest rate: The amount paid by a borrower to a lender in exchange for the use of the lender's money for a certain period of time. Interest is paid on loans or on debt instruments, such as notes or bonds, either at regular intervals or as part of a lump sum payment when the issue matures. Source: OCC Judgment: means any judgment that is final by: (a)  expiration without appeal of the time within which an appeal might have been perfected; or (b)  final affirmation on appeal, rendered by a court of competent jurisdiction of any state or of the United States, upon a cause of action for damages: (i)  arising out of the ownership, maintenance, or use of any motor vehicle, including damages for care and loss of services because of bodily injury to or death of any person, or because of injury to or destruction of property including the loss of use of the property; or (ii)  on a settlement agreement. See Utah Code 41-12a-103 Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases. Land: includes :Utah Code 68-3-12.5 Land use applicant: means a property owner, or the property owner's designee, who submits a land use application regarding the property owner's land. See Utah Code 10-9a-103 Land use authority: means : (a)  a person, board, commission, agency, or body, including the local legislative body, designated by the local legislative body to act upon a land use application; or (b)  if the local legislative body has not designated a person, board, commission, agency, or body, the local legislative body. See Utah Code 10-9a-103 Land use decision: means an administrative decision of a land use authority or appeal authority regarding: (a)  a land use permit; or (b)  a land use application. See Utah Code 10-9a-103 Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). Source: OCC Legislative body: means the municipal council. See Utah Code 10-9a-103 Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt. Local district: means an entity under Title 17B, Limited Purpose Local Government Entities - Local Districts, and any other governmental or quasi-governmental entity that is not a county, municipality, school district, or the state. See Utah Code 10-9a-103 Lot: means a tract of land, regardless of any label, that is created by and shown on a subdivision plat that has been recorded in the office of the county recorder. See Utah Code 10-9a-103 Major transit investment corridor: means public transit service that uses or occupies: (a)  public transit rail right-of-way; (b)  dedicated road right-of-way for the use of public transit, such as bus rapid transit; or (c)  fixed-route bus corridors subject to an interlocal agreement or contract between a municipality or county and: (i)  a public transit district as defined in Section 17B-2a-802; or (ii)  an eligible political subdivision as defined in Section 59-12-2219. See Utah Code 10-9a-103 Military range: means a shooting range located on a state military installation. See Utah Code 47-3-102 Moderate income housing: means housing occupied or reserved for occupancy by households with a gross household income equal to or less than 80% of the median gross income for households of the same size in the county in which the city is located. See Utah Code 10-9a-103 Month: means a calendar month, unless otherwise expressed. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5 Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan. Mortgage: means a mortgage or deed of trust affecting real property located in this state. See Utah Code 70D-1-102 Mortgagee: The person to whom property is mortgaged and who has loaned the money. Motor vehicle: means every self-propelled vehicle that is designed for use upon a highway, including trailers and semitrailers designed for use with other motorized vehicles. See Utah Code 41-12a-103 Motor Vehicle Division: means the Motor Vehicle Division of the State Tax Commission created in Section 41-1a-106. See Utah Code 41-12a-802 Municipal: means of or relating to a municipality. See Utah Code 10-1-104 Municipality: means : (a)  a city of the first class, city of the second class, city of the third class, city of the fourth class, city of the fifth class; (b)  a town, as classified in Section 10-2-301; or (c)  a metro township as that term is defined in Section 10-2a-403 unless the term is used in the context of authorizing, governing, or otherwise regulating the provision of municipal services. See Utah Code 10-1-104 Nonresident: means every person who is not a resident of Utah. See Utah Code 41-12a-103 Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period. Official map: means a map drawn by municipal authorities and recorded in a county recorder's office that: (a)  shows actual and proposed rights-of-way, centerline alignments, and setbacks for highways and other transportation facilities; (b)  provides a basis for restricting development in designated rights-of-way or between designated setbacks to allow the government authorities time to purchase or otherwise reserve the land; and (c)  has been adopted as an element of the municipality's general plan. See Utah Code 10-9a-103 Operator: means every person who is in actual physical control of a motor vehicle. See Utah Code 41-12a-103 Owner: means : (a)  a person who holds legal title to a motor vehicle; (b)  a lessee in possession; (c)  a conditional vendee or lessee if a motor vehicle is the subject of a conditional sale or lease with the right of purchase upon performance of the conditions stated in the agreement and with an immediate right of possession in the conditional vendee or lessee; or (d)  a mortgagor if a motor vehicle is the subject of a mortgage with the mortgagor entitled to possession. See Utah Code 41-12a-103 Parcel: means any real property that is not a lot. See Utah Code 10-9a-103 Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses. Person: means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, governmental agency, public corporation, or any other legal or commercial entity. See Utah Code 46-4-102 Person: means :Utah Code 68-3-12.5 Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit. Power of attorney: A written instrument which authorizes one person to act as another's agent or attorney. The power of attorney may be for a definite, specific act, or it may be general in nature. The terms of the written power of attorney may specify when it will expire. If not, the power of attorney usually expires when the person granting it dies. Source: OCC Process: means a writ or summons issued in the course of a judicial proceeding. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5 Program: means the Uninsured Motorist Identification Database Program created in Section 41-12a-803. See Utah Code 41-12a-802 Property: includes both real and personal property. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5 Public agency: means : (a)  the federal government; (b)  the state; (c)  a county, municipality, school district, local district, special service district, or other political subdivision of the state; or (d)  a charter school. See Utah Code 10-9a-103 Public hearing: means a hearing at which members of the public are provided a reasonable opportunity to comment on the subject of the hearing. See Utah Code 10-9a-103 Public meeting: means a meeting that is required to be open to the public under Title 52, Chapter 4, Open and Public Meetings Act. See Utah Code 10-9a-103 Public street: means a public right-of-way, including a public highway, public avenue, public boulevard, public parkway, public road, public lane, public alley, public viaduct, public subway, public tunnel, public bridge, public byway, other public transportation easement, or other public way. See Utah Code 10-9a-103 Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business. range: means an area designed and continuously operated under nationally recognized standards and operating practices for the use of rifles, shotguns, pistols, silhouettes, skeet, trap, black powder, archery, or any other similar shooting activities. See Utah Code 47-3-102 Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land. real property: includes :Utah Code 68-3-12.5 Record: means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form. See Utah Code 46-4-102 Registration: means the issuance of the certificates and registration plates issued under the laws of Utah pertaining to the registration of motor vehicles. See Utah Code 41-12a-103 Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant. Right of rescission: Right to cancel, within three business days, a contract that uses the home of a person as collateral, except in the case of a first mortgage loan. There is no fee to the borrower, who receives a full refund of all fees paid. The right of rescission is guaranteed by the Truth in Lending Act (TILA). Source: OCC Rules of order and procedure: means a set of rules that govern and prescribe in a public meeting: (a)  parliamentary order and procedure; (b)  ethical behavior; and (c)  civil discourse. See Utah Code 10-9a-103 Security procedure: includes a procedure that requires the use of algorithms or other codes, identifying words or numbers, encryption, or callback or other acknowledgment procedures. See Utah Code 46-4-102 Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party. Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims. Signature: includes a name, mark, or sign written with the intent to authenticate an instrument or writing. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5 Specialist: means a full-time employee of a government entity who is tasked with responding to, and assisting, veterans who are employed by the entity or come to the entity for assistance. See Utah Code 71-8-1 Specified public agency: means : (a)  the state; (b)  a school district; or (c)  a charter school. See Utah Code 10-9a-103 State: when applied to the different parts of the United States, includes a state, district, or territory of the United States. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5 State: means : (a)  a state, territory, or possession of the United States; (b)  the District of Columbia; or (c)  the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. See Utah Code 70D-1-102 State: includes any department, division, or agency of the state. See Utah Code 10-9a-103 State: includes an Indian tribe or band, or Alaskan native village, that is recognized by federal law or formally acknowledged by a state. See Utah Code 46-4-102 Statute: A law passed by a legislature. Subdivision: includes : (i)  the division or development of land, whether by deed, metes and bounds description, devise and testacy, map, plat, or other recorded instrument, regardless of whether the division includes all or a portion of a parcel or lot; and (ii)  except as provided in Subsection (65)(c), divisions of land for residential and nonresidential uses, including land used or to be used for commercial, agricultural, and industrial purposes. See Utah Code 10-9a-103 Tort: A civil wrong or breach of a duty to another person, as outlined by law. A very common tort is negligent operation of a motor vehicle that results in property damage and personal injury in an automobile accident. Town: includes , depending on population, a metro township as defined in Section 10-3c-102. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5 Town: means a municipality classified by population as a town under Section 10-2-301. See Utah Code 10-1-104 Transaction: means an action or set of actions occurring between two or more persons relating to the conduct of business, commercial, or governmental affairs. See Utah Code 46-4-102 Transcript: A written, word-for-word record of what was said, either in a proceeding such as a trial or during some other conversation, as in a transcript of a hearing or oral deposition. Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence. Truth in Lending Act: The Truth in Lending Act is a federal law that requires lenders to provide standardized information so that borrowers can compare loan terms. In general, lenders must provide information on Source: OCC Uniform Commercial Code: A set of statutes enacted by the various states to provide consistency among the states' commercial laws. It includes negotiable instruments, sales, stock transfers, trust and warehouse receipts, and bills of lading. Source: OCC United States: includes each state, district, and territory of the United States of America. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5 Utah Code: means the 1953 recodification of the Utah Code, as amended, unless the text expressly references a portion of the 1953 recodification of the Utah Code as it existed:Utah Code 68-3-12.5 Veteran: means an individual who:Utah Code 68-3-12.5 Writing: includes :Utah Code 68-3-12.5