§ 59.1-501.1 Title
§ 59.1-501.2 Definitions
§ 59.1-501.3 Scope; exclusions
§ 59.1-501.4:1 Consumer protection law governs
§ 59.1-501.5 Relation to federal law; fundamental public policy; transactions subject to other state law
§ 59.1-501.6 Rule of construction
§ 59.1-501.7 Legal recognition of electronic record and authentication; use of electronic agents
§ 59.1-501.8 Proof and effect of authentication
§ 59.1-501.9 Choice of law
§ 59.1-501.10 Contractual choice of forum
§ 59.1-501.11 Unconscionable contract or term
§ 59.1-501.12 Manifesting assent
§ 59.1-501.13:1 Opportunity to review
§ 59.1-501.14:1 Pretransaction disclosures in Internet-type transactions
§ 59.1-501.15 Variation by agreement; commercial practice
§ 59.1-501.16 Supplemental principles; good faith; commercial practice
§ 59.1-501.17 Decision for court; legal consequences; reasonable time; reason to know
§ 59.1-501.18 Reserved
§ 59.1-502.1 Formal requirements
§ 59.1-502.2 Formation in general
§ 59.1-502.3 Offer and acceptance in general
§ 59.1-502.4 Acceptance with varying terms
§ 59.1-502.5 Conditional offer or acceptance
§ 59.1-502.6 Offer and acceptance; electronic agents
§ 59.1-502.7 Formation; releases of informational rights
§ 59.1-502.8 Adopting terms of records
§ 59.1-502.9 Mass-market license
§ 59.1-502.10 Terms of contract formed by conduct
§ 59.1-502.12 Efficacy and commercial reasonableness of attribution procedure
§ 59.1-502.13 Determining attribution
§ 59.1-502.14 Electronic error; consumer defenses
§ 59.1-502.15 Electronic message; when effective; effect of acknowledgment
§ 59.1-502.16 Idea or information submission
§ 59.1-502.17 Reserved
§ 59.1-503.1 Parol or extrinsic evidence
§ 59.1-503.2 Practical construction
§ 59.1-503.3 Modification and rescission
§ 59.1-503.4 Continuing contractual terms
§ 59.1-503.5 Terms to be specified
§ 59.1-503.6 Performance under open terms
§ 59.1-503.7 Interpretation and requirements for grant
§ 59.1-503.9 Agreement for performance to party’s satisfaction
§ 59.1-503.10 Licenses to nonprofit libraries, archives or educational institutions
§ 59.1-503.11 Reserved
§ 59.1-504.1 Warranty and obligations concerning noninterference and noninfringement
§ 59.1-504.2 Express warranty
§ 59.1-504.3 Implied warranty; merchantability of computer program
§ 59.1-504.4 Implied warranty; informational content
§ 59.1-504.5 Implied warranty; licensee’s purpose; system integration
§ 59.1-504.6 Disclaimer or modification of warranty
§ 59.1-504.7 Modification of computer program
§ 59.1-504.8 Cumulation and conflict of warranties
§ 59.1-504.9 Third-party beneficiaries of warranty
§ 59.1-504.10 No implied warranties for free software
§ 59.1-504.11 Reserved
§ 59.1-505.1 Ownership of informational rights
§ 59.1-505.2 Title to copy
§ 59.1-505.3 Transfer of contractual interest
§ 59.1-505.4 Effect of transfer of contractual interest
§ 59.1-505.5 Performance by delegate; subcontract
§ 59.1-505.6 Transfer by licensee
§ 59.1-505.7 Financing if financier does not become licensee
§ 59.1-505.8 Finance licenses
§ 59.1-505.9 Financing arrangements; obligations irrevocable
§ 59.1-505.10 Financing arrangements; remedies or enforcement
§ 59.1-505.11 Financing arrangements; effect on licensor’s rights
§ 59.1-505.12 Reserved
§ 59.1-506.1 Performance of contract in general
§ 59.1-506.2 Licensor’s obligations to enable use
§ 59.1-506.3 Submissions of information to satisfaction of party
§ 59.1-506.4 Immediately completed performance
§ 59.1-506.5 Electronic regulation of performance
§ 59.1-506.6 Copy; delivery; tender of delivery
§ 59.1-506.7 Copy; performance related to delivery; payment
§ 59.1-506.8 Copy; right to inspect; payment before inspection
§ 59.1-506.9 Copy; when acceptance occurs
§ 59.1-506.10 Copy; effect of acceptance; burden of establishing; notice of claims
§ 59.1-506.11 Access contracts
§ 59.1-506.12 Correction and support contracts
§ 59.1-506.13 Contracts involving publishers, dealers, and end users
§ 59.1-506.14 Risk of loss of copy
§ 59.1-506.15 Excuse by failure of presupposed conditions
§ 59.1-506.16 Termination; survival of obligations
§ 59.1-506.17 Notice of termination
§ 59.1-506.18 Termination; enforcement
§ 59.1-506.19 Reserved
§ 59.1-507.1 Breach of contract; material breach
§ 59.1-507.2 Waiver of remedy for breach of contract
§ 59.1-507.3 Cure of breach of contract
§ 59.1-507.4 Copy; refusal of defective tender
§ 59.1-507.5 Copy; contract with previous vested grant of rights
§ 59.1-507.6 Copy; duties upon rightful refusal
§ 59.1-507.7 Copy; revocation of acceptance
§ 59.1-507.8 Adequate assurance of performance
§ 59.1-507.9 Anticipatory repudiation
§ 59.1-507.10 Retraction of anticipatory repudiation
§ 59.1-507.11 Reserved
§ 59.1-508.1 Remedies in general
§ 59.1-508.2 Cancellation
§ 59.1-508.3 Contractual modification of remedy
§ 59.1-508.4 Liquidation of damages
§ 59.1-508.5 Limitation of actions
§ 59.1-508.6 Remedies for fraud
§ 59.1-508.7 Measurement of damages in general
§ 59.1-508.8 Licensor’s damages
§ 59.1-508.9 Licensee’s damages
§ 59.1-508.10 Recoupment
§ 59.1-508.11 Specific performance
§ 59.1-508.12 Completing performance
§ 59.1-508.13 Continuing use
§ 59.1-508.14 Discontinuing access
§ 59.1-508.15 Right to possession and to prevent use
§ 59.1-508.16 Limitations on electronic self-help
§ 59.1-508.17 Reserved
§ 59.1-509.2 Previous rights and transactions

Terms Used In Virginia Code > Title 59.1 > Chapter 43 - Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act

  • Access contract: means a contract to obtain by electronic means access to, or information from, an information processing system of another person, or the equivalent of such access. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Access material: means any information or material, such as a document, address, or access code, that is necessary to obtain authorized access to information or control or possession of a copy. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
  • Affirmed: In the practice of the appellate courts, the decree or order is declared valid and will stand as rendered in the lower court.
  • Aggrieved party: means a party entitled to a remedy for breach of contract. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Agreement: means the bargain of the parties in fact as found in their language or by implication from other circumstances, including course of performance, course of dealing, and usage of trade as provided in this chapter. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
  • Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
  • Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
  • Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.
  • Attribution procedure: means a procedure to verify that an electronic authentication, display, message, record, or performance is that of a particular person or to detect changes or errors in information. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Authenticate: means (i) to sign or (ii) with the intent to sign a record, to execute or adopt an electronic symbol, sound, message, or process referring to, attached to, included in, or logically associated or linked with, that record. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Automated transaction: means a transaction in which a contract is formed in whole or part by electronic actions of one or both parties that are not previously reviewed by an individual in the ordinary course. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Bail: Security given for the release of a criminal defendant or witness from legal custody (usually in the form of money) to secure his/her appearance on the day and time appointed.
  • Baseline: Projection of the receipts, outlays, and other budget amounts that would ensue in the future without any change in existing policy. Baseline projections are used to gauge the extent to which proposed legislation, if enacted into law, would alter current spending and revenue levels.
  • Bicycle: means a device propelled solely by human power, upon which a person may ride either on or astride a regular seat attached thereto, having two or more wheels in tandem, including children's bicycles, except a toy vehicle intended for use by young children. See Virginia Code 46.2-100
  • Cancellation: means the ending of a contract by a party because of breach of contract by another party. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • City: means an independent incorporated community which became a city as provided by law before noon on July 1, 1971, or which has within defined boundaries a population of 5,000 or more and which has become a city as provided by law. See Virginia Code 1-208
  • Clerk of court: An officer appointed by the court to work with the chief judge in overseeing the court's administration, especially to assist in managing the flow of cases through the court and to maintain court records.
  • Codicil: An addition, change, or supplement to a will executed with the same formalities required for the will itself.
  • Commercial dealing: shall mean any offer, acceptance, agreement, or solicitation to sell or offer to sell or distribute goods, services or construction, to the Commonwealth of Virginia, or any local government within the Commonwealth or any department or agency thereof. See Virginia Code 18.2-498.2
  • Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
  • Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
  • Computer: means an electronic device that accepts information in digital or similar form and manipulates it for a result based on a sequence of instructions. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Computer information: means information in electronic form that is obtained from or through the use of a computer or that is in a form capable of being processed by a computer. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Computer information transaction: means an agreement or the performance of it to create, modify, transfer, or license computer information or informational rights in computer information. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Computer program: means a set of statements or instructions to be used directly or indirectly in a computer to bring about a certain result. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Consumer: means an individual who is a licensee of information or informational rights that the individual at the time of contracting intended to be used primarily for personal, family, or household purposes. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Consumer contract: means a contract between a merchant licensor and a consumer. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Continuance: Putting off of a hearing ot trial until a later time.
  • Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
  • Contract: means the total legal obligation resulting from the parties' agreement as affected by this chapter and other applicable law. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Contract fee: means the price, fee, rent, or royalty payable in a contract under this chapter or any part of the amount payable. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Contractual use term: means an enforceable term that defines or limits the use, disclosure of, or access to licensed information or informational rights, including a term that defines the scope of a license. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
  • Copy: means the medium on which information is fixed on a temporary or permanent basis and from which it can be perceived, reproduced, used, or communicated, either directly or with the aid of a machine or device. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
  • Course of dealing: means a sequence of previous conduct between the parties to a particular transaction which establishes a common basis of understanding for interpreting their expressions and other conduct. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Course of performance: means repeated performances, under a contract that involves repeated occasions for performance, which are accepted or acquiesced in without objection by a party having knowledge of the nature of the performance and an opportunity to object to it. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Court: means any court vested with appropriate jurisdiction under the Constitution and laws of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 19.2-5
  • Court: includes an arbitration or other dispute-resolution forum if the parties have agreed to use of that forum or its use is required by law. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
  • Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
  • Direct damages: means compensation for losses measured by § 59. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
  • Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. Source:
  • Electronic: means relating to technology having electrical, digital, magnetic, wireless, optical, electromagnetic, or similar capabilities. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Electronic agent: means a computer program, or electronic or other automated means, used independently to initiate an action, or to respond to electronic messages or performances, on the person's behalf without review or action by an individual at the time of the action or response to the message or performance. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Electronic message: means a record or display that is stored, generated, or transmitted by electronic means for the purpose of communication to another person or electronic agent. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Escrow: Money given to a third party to be held for payment until certain conditions are met.
  • Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
  • Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
  • Financial accommodation contract: means an agreement under which a person extends a financial accommodation to a licensee and which does not create a security interest governed by Title 8. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Financial services transaction: means an agreement that provides for, or a transaction that is, or entails access to, use, transfer, clearance, settlement, or processing of:

    (A) a deposit, loan, funds, or monetary value represented in electronic form and stored or capable of storage by electronic means and retrievable and transferable by electronic means, or other right to payment to or from a person;

    (B) an instrument or other item;

    (C) a payment order, credit card transaction, debit card transaction, funds transfer, automated clearing house transfer, or similar wholesale or retail transfer of funds;

    (D) a letter of credit, document of title, financial asset, investment property, or similar asset held in a fiduciary or agency capacity; or

    (E) related identifying, verifying, access-enabling, authorizing, or monitoring information. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2

  • Financier: means a person that provides a financial accommodation to a licensee under a financial accommodation contract and either (i) becomes a licensee for the purpose of transferring or sublicensing the license to the party to which the financial accommodation is provided or (ii) obtains a contractual right under the financial accommodation contract to preclude the licensee's use of the information or informational rights under a license in the event of breach of the financial accommodation contract. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
  • Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.
  • give notice: means to take such steps as may be reasonably required to inform the other person in the ordinary course, whether or not the other person actually comes to know of it. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Good faith: means honesty in fact and the observance of reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Goods: means all things that are movable at the time relevant to the computer information transaction. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Grand jury: agreement providing that a lender will delay exercising its rights (in the case of a mortgage,
  • Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
  • in writing: include any representation of words, letters, symbols, numbers, or figures, whether (i) printed or inscribed on a tangible medium or (ii) stored in an electronic or other medium and retrievable in a perceivable form and whether an electronic signature authorized by Chapter 42. See Virginia Code 1-257
  • Includes: means includes, but not limited to. See Virginia Code 1-218
  • Indictment: The formal charge issued by a grand jury stating that there is enough evidence that the defendant committed the crime to justify having a trial; it is used primarily for felonies.
  • Information: means data, text, images, sounds, mask works, or computer programs, including collections and compilations of them. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Information processing system: means an electronic system for creating, generating, sending, receiving, storing, displaying, or processing information. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Informational content: means information that is intended to be communicated to or perceived by an individual in the ordinary use of the information, or the equivalent of that information. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Informational rights: include all rights in information created under laws governing patents, copyrights, mask works, trade secrets, trademarks, publicity rights, or any other law that gives a person, independently of contract, a right to control or preclude another person's use of or access to the information on the basis of the rights holder's interest in the information. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
  • Insurance services transaction: means an agreement between an insurer and an insured that provides for, or a transaction that is or entails access to, use, transfer, clearance, settlement, or processing of:

    (A) an insurance policy, contract, or certificate; or

    (B) a right to payment under an insurance policy, contract or certificate. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2

  • Interest rate: The amount paid by a borrower to a lender in exchange for the use of the lender's money for a certain period of time. Interest is paid on loans or on debt instruments, such as notes or bonds, either at regular intervals or as part of a lump sum payment when the issue matures. Source: OCC
  • Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
  • Juror: A person who is on the jury.
  • lane: means that portion of a roadway designed or designated to accommodate the forward movement of a single line of vehicles. See Virginia Code 46.2-100
  • Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). Source: OCC
  • License: means a contract that authorizes access to, or use, distribution, performance, modification, or reproduction of, information or informational rights, but expressly limits the access or uses authorized or expressly grants fewer than all rights in the information, whether or not the transferee has title to a licensed copy. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Licensee: means a person entitled by agreement to acquire or exercise rights in, or to have access to or use of, computer information under an agreement to which this chapter applies. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Licensor: means a person obligated by agreement to transfer or create rights in, or to give access to or use of, computer information or informational rights in it under an agreement to which this chapter applies. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Liquefied petroleum gas: means any material that is composed predominately of any of the following hydrocarbons or mixtures of the same: propane, propylene, butanes (normal butane and isobutane) and butylenes. See Virginia Code 18.2-493
  • Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
  • Locality: means a county, city, or town as the context may require. See Virginia Code 1-221
  • Mass-market license: means a standard form used in a mass-market transaction. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Mass-market transaction: means a transaction that is:

    (A) a consumer contract; or

    (B) any other transaction with an end-user licensee if:

    (i) the transaction is for information or informational rights directed to the general public as a whole, including consumers, under substantially the same terms for the same information;

    (ii) the licensee acquires the information or informational rights in a retail transaction under terms consistent with an ordinary transaction in a retail market; and

    (iii) the transaction is not (a) a contract for redistribution or for public performance or public display of a copyrighted work; (b) a transaction in which the information is customized or otherwise specially prepared by the licensor for the licensee, other than minor customization using a capability of the information intended for that purpose; (c) a site license; or (d) an access contract. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2

  • Merchant: means a person:

    (A) who deals in information or informational rights of the kind involved in the transaction;

    (B) who by the person's occupation holds himself out as having knowledge or skill peculiar to the relevant aspect of the business practices or information involved in the transaction; or

    (C) to whom the knowledge or skill peculiar to the practices or information involved in the transaction may be attributed by the person's employment of an agent or broker or other intermediary who by his occupation holds himself out as having the knowledge or skill. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2

  • Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
  • Owner: means any person who holds a written bill of sale under which title or ownership to a container was transferred to such person, or any manufacturer of a container who has not sold or transferred ownership thereof by written bill of sale. See Virginia Code 18.2-493
  • Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
  • Party: means a person that engages in a transaction or makes an agreement under this chapter. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Person: means any person, firm, or corporation. See Virginia Code 18.2-493
  • Person: includes any natural person, any trust or association of persons, formal or otherwise, or any corporation, partnership, company or other legal or commercial entity. See Virginia Code 18.2-498.2
  • person: is a ny person, firm, corporation, partnership or association. See Virginia Code 18.2-501
  • person: means any individual, partnership, corporation or association. See Virginia Code 18.2-506
  • Person: means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, governmental subdivision, instrumentality, or agency, public corporation, or any other legal or commercial entity. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Person: includes any individual, corporation, partnership, association, cooperative, limited liability company, trust, joint venture, government, political subdivision, or any other legal or commercial entity and any successor, representative, agent, agency, or instrumentality thereof. See Virginia Code 1-230
  • Personal property: All property that is not real property.
  • Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.
  • Plea: In a criminal case, the defendant's statement pleading "guilty" or "not guilty" in answer to the charges, a declaration made in open court.
  • Preliminary hearing: A hearing where the judge decides whether there is enough evidence to make the defendant have a trial.
  • prepare: means to put into condition for intended use. See Virginia Code 18.2-506
  • Pro se: A Latin term meaning "on one's own behalf"; in courts, it refers to persons who present their own cases without lawyers.
  • Probable cause: A reasonable ground for belief that the offender violated a specific law.
  • Probate: Proving a will
  • Probation: A sentencing alternative to imprisonment in which the court releases convicted defendants under supervision as long as certain conditions are observed.
  • Process: includes subpoenas, the summons and complaint in a civil action, and process in statutory actions. See Virginia Code 1-237
  • Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
  • Public corporation: means the Commonwealth of Virginia or any political subdivision thereof or any incorporated municipality therein or any public agency of the Commonwealth or of any political subdivision thereof or of any municipality therein. See Virginia Code 1-219.1
  • Published informational content: means informational content prepared for or made available to recipients generally, or to a class of recipients, in substantially the same form. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Qualifying emergency: means (i) a state of emergency as declared by the Governor pursuant to Chapter 3. See Virginia Code 18.2-493
  • Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
  • Receipt: means :

    (A) with respect to a copy, taking delivery; or

    (B) with respect to a notice:

    (i) coming to a person's attention; or

    (ii) being delivered to and available at a location or system designated by agreement for that purpose or, in the absence of an agreed location or system: (a) being delivered at the person's residence, or the person's place of business through which the contract was made, or at any other place held out by the person as a place for receipt of communications of the kind; or (b) in the case of an electronic notice, coming into existence in an information processing system or at an address in that system in a form capable of being processed by or perceived from a system of that type by a recipient, if the recipient uses, or otherwise has designated or holds out, that place or system for receipt of notices of the kind to be given and the sender does not know that the notice cannot be accessed from that place. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2

  • Receive: means to take receipt. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Record: means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Release: means an agreement by a party not to object to, or exercise any rights or pursue any remedies to limit, the use of information or informational rights which agreement does not require an affirmative act by the party to enable or support the other party's use of the information or informational rights. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
  • Rescission: The cancellation of budget authority previously provided by Congress. The Impoundment Control Act of 1974 specifies that the President may propose to Congress that funds be rescinded. If both Houses have not approved a rescission proposal (by passing legislation) within 45 days of continuous session, any funds being withheld must be made available for obligation.
  • Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.
  • revocation: means that the document or privilege revoked is not subject to renewal or restoration except through reapplication after the expiration of the period of revocation. See Virginia Code 46.2-100
  • Roadway: means that portion of a highway improved, designed, or ordinarily used for vehicular travel, exclusive of the shoulder. See Virginia Code 46.2-100
  • Safety zone: means the area officially set apart within a roadway for the exclusive use of pedestrians and that is protected or is so marked or indicated by plainly visible signs. See Virginia Code 46.2-100
  • School bus: means any motor vehicle, other than a station wagon, automobile, truck, or commercial bus, which is: (i) designed and used primarily for the transportation of pupils to and from public, private or religious schools, or used for the transportation of individuals with mental or physical disabilities to and from a sheltered workshop; (ii) painted yellow and bears the words "School Bus" in black letters of a specified size on front and rear; and (iii) is equipped with warning devices prescribed in § 46. See Virginia Code 46.2-100
  • Semitrailer: means every vehicle of the trailer type so designed and used in conjunction with a motor vehicle that some part of its own weight and that of its own load rests on or is carried by another vehicle. See Virginia Code 46.2-100
  • Send: means , with any costs provided for and properly addressed or directed as reasonable under the circumstances or as otherwise agreed, to deposit a record in the mail or with a commercially reasonable carrier, to deliver a record for transmission to or re-creation in another location or information processing system, or to take the steps necessary to initiate transmission to or re-creation of a record in another location or information processing system. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
  • Shoulder: means that part of a highway between the portion regularly traveled by vehicular traffic and the lateral curbline or ditch. See Virginia Code 46.2-100
  • Sidewalk: means the portion of a street between the curb lines, or the lateral lines of a roadway, and the adjacent property lines, intended for use by pedestrians. See Virginia Code 46.2-100
  • Standard form: means a record or a group of related records containing terms prepared for repeated use in transactions and so used in a transaction in which there was no negotiated change of terms by individuals except to set the price, quantity, method of payment, selection among standard options, or time or method of delivery. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • State: when applied to a part of the United States, includes any of the 50 states, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the United States Virgin Islands. See Virginia Code 1-245
  • State: means a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • state agency: means the same as that term is defined in § 2. See Virginia Code 1-206
  • Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
  • Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights.
  • Summons: Another word for subpoena used by the criminal justice system.
  • Superintendent: means the Superintendent of the Department of State Police of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 46.2-100
  • Supreme Court: means the Supreme Court of Virginia. See Virginia Code 1-249
  • suspension: means that the document or privilege suspended has been temporarily withdrawn, but may be reinstated following the period of suspension unless it has expired prior to the end of the period of suspension. See Virginia Code 46.2-100
  • sworn: means "affirm" or "affirmed. See Virginia Code 1-250
  • Termination: means the ending of a contract by a party pursuant to a power created by agreement or law otherwise than because of breach of contract. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Testify: Answer questions in court.
  • Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
  • Town: means any existing town or an incorporated community within one or more counties which became a town before noon, July 1, 1971, as provided by law or which has within defined boundaries a population of 1,000 or more and which has become a town as provided by law. See Virginia Code 1-254
  • Tractor truck: means every motor vehicle designed and used primarily for drawing other vehicles and not so constructed as to carry a load other than a part of the load and weight of the vehicle attached thereto. See Virginia Code 46.2-100
  • Traffic control device: means a sign, signal, marking, or other device used to regulate, warn, or guide traffic placed on, over, or adjacent to a street, highway, private road open to public travel, pedestrian facility, or shared-use path by authority of a public agency or official having jurisdiction, or in the case of a private road open to public travel, by authority of the private owner or private official having jurisdiction. See Virginia Code 46.2-100
  • Traffic infraction: means a violation of law punishable as provided in § 46. See Virginia Code 46.2-100
  • Trailer: means every vehicle without motive power designed for carrying property or passengers wholly on its own structure and for being drawn by a motor vehicle, including manufactured homes. See Virginia Code 46.2-100
  • Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
  • Truck: means every motor vehicle designed to transport property on its own structure independent of any other vehicle and having a registered gross weight in excess of 7,500 pounds. See Virginia Code 46.2-100
  • United States: includes the 50 states, the District of Columbia the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands and the United States Virgin Islands. See Virginia Code 1-255
  • Usage of trade: means any practice or method of dealing that has such regularity of observance in a place, vocation, or trade as to justify an expectation that it will be observed with respect to the transaction in question. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
  • Vehicle: means every device in, on or by which any person or property is or may be transported or drawn on a highway, except personal delivery devices and devices moved by human power or used exclusively on stationary rails or tracks. See Virginia Code 46.2-100
  • Verdict: The decision of a petit jury or a judge.
  • Writ: A formal written command, issued from the court, requiring the performance of a specific act.