Terms Used In Virginia Code > Title 6.2 > Subtitle II > Chapter 8 - Banks

• Abused or neglected child: means the same as that term is defined in § 63. See Virginia Code 2.2-438
• Acquisition of a branch: means the acquisition of a branch located in a host state, without acquiring the bank of such branch. See Virginia Code 6.2-836
• Adjourn: A motion to adjourn a legislative chamber or a committee, if passed, ends that day's session.
• Administrative act: includes an action, omission, decision, recommendation, practice, or other procedure of the Department, a local department, or a child-placing agency with respect to a particular child related to adoption, foster care, or protective services. See Virginia Code 2.2-438
• Adult: means a person 18 years of age or more. See Virginia Code 1-203
• Affiliate: has the meaning assigned to it in 12 U. See Virginia Code 6.2-836
• Affirmed: In the practice of the appellate courts, the decree or order is declared valid and will stand as rendered in the lower court.
• Agency: means any department, institution, authority, instrumentality, board or other administrative agency of the government of the Commonwealth of Virginia and any transportation district created pursuant to the Transportation District Act of 1964 (§ 33. See Virginia Code 8.01-195.2
• Allegation: something that someone says happened.
• Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.
• Amortization: Paying off a loan by regular installments.
• Annual report: means the report required to be filed by a guardian pursuant to § 64. See Virginia Code 64.2-2000
• Annuity: A periodic (usually annual) payment of a fixed sum of money for either the life of the recipient or for a fixed number of years. A series of payments under a contract from an insurance company, a trust company, or an individual. Annuity payments are made at regular intervals over a period of more than one full year.
• ANSI Ski Lift Code: means the American National Standard (B77. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
• Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
• Appellate: About appeals; an appellate court has the power to review the judgement of another lower court or tribunal.
• Appraisal: A determination of property value.
• Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
• Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
• Associate-degree-granting: means that an associate degree is the most advanced degree that is granted. See Virginia Code 23.1-100
• Associate-degree-granting public institution of higher education: includes Richard Bland College and each comprehensive community college. See Virginia Code 23.1-100
• Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.
• Attorney: means the person designated and authorized by subscribers as the attorney-in-fact having authority to obligate them on reciprocal insurance contracts. See Virginia Code 38.2-1201
• Attorney General: means the Attorney General of Virginia, the Chief Deputy, other deputies, counsels or assistant attorneys general employed by the Office of the Attorney General and designated by the Attorney General to act pursuant to this article. See Virginia Code 8.01-216.2
• Attorney-at-law: A person who is legally qualified and licensed to practice law, and to represent and act for clients in legal proceedings.
• Attorney-in-fact: A person who, acting as an agent, is given written authorization by another person to transact business for him (her) out of court.
• Authority: means the Virginia Resources Authority created in Chapter 21 of Title 62. See Virginia Code 15.2-2419
• Authority: means the Virginia Resources Authority created in Chapter 21 of Title 62. See Virginia Code 15.2-2430
• Baccalaureate: means that bachelor's degrees or more advanced degrees, or both, are granted. See Virginia Code 23.1-100
• Bail: Security given for the release of a criminal defendant or witness from legal custody (usually in the form of money) to secure his/her appearance on the day and time appointed.
• Bank: has the meaning assigned to it in 12 U. See Virginia Code 6.2-836
• Bank: has the meaning assigned to it in 12 U. See Virginia Code 6.2-849
• Bank: means any bank or trust company organized under the laws of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 6.2-925
• Bank: means a corporation authorized by statute to accept deposits and to hold itself out to the public as engaged in the banking business in the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 6.2-800
• Bank holding company: means any corporation (i) that directly or indirectly owns, controls, or holds with power to vote, 25 percent or more of the voting shares of one or more banks or of a corporation that is or becomes a bank holding company by virtue of this definition, (ii) that controls in any manner the election of a majority of the directors of one or more banks, or (iii) for the benefit of whose shareholders or members 25 percent or more of the voting shares of one or more banks or bank holding companies is held by trustees. See Virginia Code 6.2-800
• Bank holding company: has the meaning assigned to it in 12 U. See Virginia Code 6.2-836
• Bank regulator: includes the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Federal Reserve Board, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, the Federal Trade Commission, and the Bureau. See Virginia Code 6.2-947
• Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
• Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. ^{Source: OCC}
• Benefits consortium: means a trust that complies with the conditions set forth in § 6. See Virginia Code 6.2-951
• Bequest: Property gifted by will.
• Board: means the Virginia Soil and Water Conservation Board. See Virginia Code 10.1-500
• Board: means the Virginia Board of Workforce Development. See Virginia Code 23.1-627.1
• Board: means the Board of Housing and Community Development. See Virginia Code 15.2-2414
• Board of supervisors: means the governing body of a county. See Virginia Code 15.2-102
• business of insurance: include solicitation, negotiations preliminary to execution, execution of an insurance contract, and the transaction of matters subsequent to execution of the contract and arising out of it. See Virginia Code 38.2-100
• Case law: The law as laid down in cases that have been decided in the decisions of the courts.
• Central registry: means the system maintained at the Department of Social Services pursuant to § 63. See Virginia Code 2.2-438
• Certificate: includes a diploma. See Virginia Code 23.1-213
• Chambers: A judge's office.
• Charity: An agency, institution, or organization in existence and operating for the benefit of an indefinite number of persons and conducted for educational, religious, scientific, medical, or other beneficent purposes.
• Chief executive officer: includes the Chancellor of the Virginia Community College System, the Chancellor of the University of Virginia's College at Wise, the Superintendent of Virginia Military Institute, and the president of each other public institution of higher education. See Virginia Code 23.1-100
• Chief judge: The judge who has primary responsibility for the administration of a court but also decides cases; chief judges are determined by seniority.
• Child: means an individual under the age of 18. See Virginia Code 2.2-438
• Child-placing agency: means (i) any person who places children in foster homes, adoptive homes, or independent living arrangements pursuant to § 63. See Virginia Code 2.2-438
• Child-serving agency: means (i) a state agency that provides services to children, including the Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services, the Department of Education, the Department of Health, the Department of Juvenile Justice, the Department of Social Services, and the Office of Children's Services, and (ii) a local entity that provides services to children and that receives funding from a state agency under clause (i). See Virginia Code 2.2-438
• City: includes all cities chartered under the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 10.1-500
• City: means an independent incorporated community which became a city as provided by law before noon on July 1, 1971, or which has within defined boundaries a population of 5,000 or more and which has become a city as provided by law. See Virginia Code 1-208
• Claim: means any request or demand, whether under a contract or otherwise, for money or property, regardless of whether the Commonwealth has title to the money or property, that (i) is presented to an officer, employee, or agent of the Commonwealth or (ii) is made to a contractor, grantee, or other recipient (a) if the money or property is to be spent or used on the Commonwealth's behalf or to advance a governmental program or interest and (b) if the Commonwealth provides or has provided any portion of the money or property requested or demanded or will reimburse such contractor, grantee, or other recipient for any portion of the money or property that is requested or demanded. See Virginia Code 8.01-216.2
• Clerk of court: An officer appointed by the court to work with the chief judge in overseeing the court's administration, especially to assist in managing the flow of cases through the court and to maintain court records.
• College: means any associate-degree-granting institution of higher education or institution of higher education at which a bachelor's degree is the most advanced degree that is granted. See Virginia Code 23.1-213
• Commercial activities: means activities in which a bank holding company, a financial holding company, a national bank, or a national bank financial subsidiary may not engage under federal law. See Virginia Code 6.2-836
• Commission: means the State Corporation Commission. See Virginia Code 38.2-100
• Commission: means the State Corporation Commission. See Virginia Code 6.2-100
• Commissioner: means the Commissioner of Financial Institutions. See Virginia Code 6.2-100
• Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
• Commonwealth: means the Commonwealth of Virginia, any agency of state government, and any political subdivision of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 8.01-216.2
• Community and economic development entity: has the meaning assigned to it in 12 C. See Virginia Code 6.2-800
• Community development corporation: means a private, nonprofit corporation whose board of directors is composed primarily of community representatives or business, civic, and community leaders and whose principal purpose includes the provision of housing, community-based economic development projects, and social services that primarily benefit low-income individuals and communities. See Virginia Code 6.2-800
• Community development project: has the meaning assigned to it in 12 C. See Virginia Code 6.2-800
• Community Reinvestment Act: The Act is intended to encourage depository institutions to help meet the credit needs of the communities in which they operate, including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods. It was enacted by the Congress in 1977. ^{Source: OCC}
• Community-based economic development: means activities that (i) seek to address economic development through affordable housing development or the rehabilitation of qualified rehabilitated buildings or certified historic structures or (ii) seek to address economic causes of poverty in specific geographic areas by revitalizing the economic and social base of low-income communities through activities that include (a) small business and micro-enterprise support; (b) commercial, industrial, and retail revitalization, retention, and expansion; (c) capacity development and technical assistance support for community development corporations; (d) employment and training efforts; (e) human resource development; and (f) social service enterprises. See Virginia Code 6.2-800
• Company: means any association, aggregate of individuals, business, corporation, individual, joint-stock company, Lloyds type of organization, organization, partnership, receiver, reciprocal or interinsurance exchange, trustee or society. See Virginia Code 38.2-100
• Competency-based: means awarded on the basis of demonstrated knowledge and skills rather than completion of instructional hours or participation in an instructional course or program. See Virginia Code 23.1-627.1
• Competition: includes training sessions or practice for a contest or event. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Competition terrain: means any part of a winter sports area in which an operator has authorized a competition to take place. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Competitor: means a winter sports participant who actually is engaged in a competition in any portion of a winter sports area made available by the winter sports area operator. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Complainant: means an individual who makes a complaint pursuant to § 2. See Virginia Code 2.2-438
• Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
• Comprehensive community college: means an associate-degree-granting public institution of higher education governed by the State Board that offers instruction in one or more of the following fields:

  1. See Virginia Code 23.1-100

• Conduit entity: means an organization described in § 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code that qualifies as a public charity under § 509(a)(2) or 509(a)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code, and the purposes of which entity allow it to perform the functions and obligations of a conduit entity prescribed in a financing agreement. See Virginia Code 15.2-1815
• Conservator: includes (i) a local or regional program designated by the Department for Aging and Rehabilitative Services as a public conservator pursuant to Article 6 (§ 51. See Virginia Code 64.2-2000
• Constitutional officer: means an officer provided for pursuant to Article VII, § 4 of the Constitution. See Virginia Code 15.2-102
• Continuance: Putting off of a hearing ot trial until a later time.
• Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
• Controlled substance: means a controlled substance as defined in Article 1 (§ 18. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.4
• Conveyed property: means real and personal property conveyed by a local government to a conduit or other entity pursuant to a financing agreement. See Virginia Code 15.2-1815
• Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
• Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
• Corporation: means the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. See Virginia Code 6.2-925
• Council: means the State Council of Higher Education for Virginia. See Virginia Code 23.1-627.1
• Council: means the State Council of Higher Education for Virginia. See Virginia Code 23.1-100
• Council: means the governing body of a city or town. See Virginia Code 15.2-102
• County: includes towns. See Virginia Code 10.1-500
• County: means any existing county or such unit hereafter created. See Virginia Code 15.2-102
• Court: means any court vested with appropriate jurisdiction under the Constitution and laws of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 19.2-5
• Courts of record: means the Supreme Court of Virginia, the Court of Appeals of Virginia, and the circuit courts. See Virginia Code 1-212
• Credit report: A detailed report of an individual's credit history prepared by a credit bureau and used by a lender in determining a loan applicant's creditworthiness. ^{Source: OCC}
• Credit Score: A number, roughly between 300 and 800, that measures an individual's credit worthiness. The most well-known type of credit score is the FICO score. This score represents the answer from a mathematical formula that assigns numerical values to various pieces of information in your credit report. ^{Source: OCC}
• Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
• De novo branch: means a branch of a bank located in a host state which (i) is originally established by the bank as a branch and (ii) does not become a branch of the bank as a result of the acquisition of another bank or a branch of another bank, or the merger, consolidation, or conversion of any such bank or branch. See Virginia Code 6.2-836
• Decedent: A deceased person.
• Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
• Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
• Degree: means any earned award at the associate, baccalaureate, graduate, first professional, or specialist levels that represents satisfactory completion of the requirements of a program or course of study or instruction beyond the secondary school level. See Virginia Code 23.1-213
• Degree credit: means any earned credits awarded for successful completion of the requirements of a course of study or instruction beyond the secondary school level that may be used toward completion of a certificate or degree. See Virginia Code 23.1-213
• Department: means the Department of Conservation and Recreation. See Virginia Code 10.1-100
• Department: means the Department of Social Services. See Virginia Code 2.2-438
• Department: means the Department of Housing and Community Development. See Virginia Code 15.2-2414
• Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
• Deposition: An oral statement made before an officer authorized by law to administer oaths. Such statements are often taken to examine potential witnesses, to obtain discovery, or to be used later in trial.
• Designated trail: means a winter sports area trail on which a participant is permitted by the operator to participate in a winter sport. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Devise: To gift property by will.
• Director: means the Director of the Department of Conservation and Recreation. See Virginia Code 10.1-100
• Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
• Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. ^Source:
• District director: means a member of the governing body of a district authorized to serve as a director. See Virginia Code 10.1-500
• Docket: A log containing brief entries of court proceedings.
• Documentary material: means the original or any copy of any book, record, report, memorandum, paper, communication, tabulation, chart, or other document, or data compilations stored in or accessible through computer or other information retrieval systems, together with instructions and all other materials necessary to use or interpret such data compilations, and any product of discovery. See Virginia Code 8.01-216.2
• Donee: The recipient of a gift.
• Donor: The person who makes a gift.
• Due notice: means notice published at least twice, with an interval of at least seven days between the two publication dates, in a newspaper or other publication of general circulation within the appropriate area, or if no such publication of general circulation is available, by posting at a reasonable number of conspicuous places within the appropriate area. See Virginia Code 10.1-500
• Eligible institution: means a baccalaureate public institution of higher education or baccalaureate nonprofit private institution of higher education whose primary purpose is to provide undergraduate collegiate education and not to provide religious training or theological education. See Virginia Code 23.1-622
• Eligible institution: means a comprehensive community college, the Institute for Advanced Learning and Research, New College Institute, Richard Bland College, Roanoke Higher Education Center, Southern Virginia Higher Education Center, or Southwest Virginia Higher Education Center. See Virginia Code 23.1-627.1
• Eligible institution: means a nonprofit private institution of higher education whose primary purpose is to provide collegiate, graduate, or professional education and not to provide religious training or theological education. See Virginia Code 23.1-628
• Eligible student: means any Virginia student enrolled at an eligible institution who is domiciled in the Commonwealth as provided in § 23. See Virginia Code 23.1-627.1
• Embezzlement: In most states, embezzlement is defined as theft/larceny of assets (money or property) by a person in a position of trust or responsibility over those assets. Embezzlement typically occurs in the employment and corporate settings. ^{Source: OCC}
• emergency program: means the Emergency Program of the Federal Insurance Administration which provides subsidized flood insurance for potential flood victims, applicable to both new and existing structures, pending completion of applicable actuarial rates which is a prerequisite for eligibility to participate in the regular program. See Virginia Code 10.1-600
• Employee: means any officer, employee or agent of any agency, or any person acting on behalf of an agency in an official capacity, temporarily or permanently in the service of the Commonwealth, or any transportation district, whether with or without compensation. See Virginia Code 8.01-195.2
• Employee: includes an employee or officer of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 8.01-216.2
• Employer: includes the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 8.01-216.2
• En banc: In the bench or "full bench." Refers to court sessions with the entire membership of a court participating rather than the usual quorum. U.S. courts of appeals usually sit in panels of three judges, but may expand to a larger number in certain cases. They are then said to be sitting en banc.
• Entitlement: A Federal program or provision of law that requires payments to any person or unit of government that meets the eligibility criteria established by law. Entitlements constitute a binding obligation on the part of the Federal Government, and eligible recipients have legal recourse if the obligation is not fulfilled. Social Security and veterans' compensation and pensions are examples of entitlement programs.
• Entity: means any corporation, partnership, association, cooperative, limited liability company, trust, joint venture, government, political subdivision, or other legal or commercial entity. See Virginia Code 6.2-100
• Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
• ERISA: means the federal Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (P. See Virginia Code 6.2-951
• Escrow: Money given to a third party to be held for payment until certain conditions are met.
• Estate: includes both real and personal property. See Virginia Code 64.2-2000
• Executor: A male person named in a will to carry out the decedent
• Facility: means a state or licensed hospital, training center, psychiatric hospital, or other type of residential or outpatient mental health or mental retardation facility. See Virginia Code 64.2-2000
• Fair Credit Reporting Act: A federal law, established in 1971 and revised in 1997, that gives consumers the right to see their credit records and correct any mistakes. ^{Source: OCC}
• Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.
• farm: means any person that obtains at least 51 percent of its annual gross income from agricultural operations and produces the agricultural waste used as feedstock for the waste-to-energy technology, (ii) "agricultural waste" means biomass waste materials capable of decomposition that are produced from the raising of plants and animals during agricultural operations, including animal manures, bedding, plant stalks, hulls, and vegetable matter, and (iii) "waste-to-energy technology" means any technology, including but not limited to a methane digester, that converts agricultural waste into gas, steam, or heat that is used to generate electricity on-site. See Virginia Code 1-222.1
• FDIC: means the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. See Virginia Code 6.2-800
• Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation: A government corporation that insures the deposits of all national and state banks that are members of the Federal Reserve System. ^{Source: OCC}
• Federal Reserve System: The central bank of the United States. The Fed, as it is commonly called, regulates the U.S. monetary and financial system. The Federal Reserve System is composed of a central governmental agency in Washington, D.C. (the Board of Governors) and twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks in major cities throughout the United States. ^{Source: OCC}
• Federal statute: means a federal statute that is in accord with the United States Constitution imposing mandates on state or local governments, which may include, but is not limited to, the following:

  1. See Virginia Code 2.2-617

• Fee simple: Absolute title to property with no limitations or restrictions regarding the person who may inherit it.
• Fiduciary: includes a guardian, committee, trustee, executor, conservator, or personal representative. See Virginia Code 64.2-100
• Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
• Financial holding company: has the meaning assigned to it in 12 U. See Virginia Code 6.2-836
• Financial institution: means any bank, trust company, savings institution, industrial loan association, consumer finance company, or credit union. See Virginia Code 6.2-100
• Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.
• Flood plain management regulations: means zoning ordinances, subdivision regulations, the building code, health regulations, special purpose ordinances such as flood plain ordinances, grading ordinances or erosion control ordinances, and other rules, regulations and ordinances which may affect flood plain uses. See Virginia Code 10.1-600
• flood-prone areas: means those areas adjoining a river, stream, water course, ocean, bay or lake which are likely to be covered by floodwaters. See Virginia Code 10.1-600
• Forbearance: A means of handling a delinquent loan. A
• Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. ^{Source: OCC}
• Foster care: means care provided to a child by a foster parent, children's residential facility, or group home licensed or approved by the Department under Chapter 9 of Title 63. See Virginia Code 2.2-438
• Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
• Fraudulent academic credential: means a certificate, academic transcript, or other document issued by a person or other entity that is not an institution of higher education that provides evidence of or demonstrates completion of coursework or academic credit that results in the issuance of a degree. See Virginia Code 23.1-213
• Freedom of Information Act: A federal law that mandates that all the records created and kept by federal agencies in the executive branch of government must be open for public inspection and copying. The only exceptions are those records that fall into one of nine exempted categories listed in the statute. ^{Source: OCC}
• freestyle terrain park: means any portion of a winter sports area that has been designated as such by the operator for freestyle skiing, freestyle snowboarding, or similar freestyle winter sports and includes, but is not limited to, the terrain park itself and features such as rails, boxes, jumps, hits, jibs, tabletops, spines, ramps, banks, pipes, half-pipes, quarter-pipes, tables, logs, or other man-made features such as buses and other vehicles, propane tanks, and tractor tires; snowcross terrain and features; and other constructed or natural features, but does not include moguls, bumps, or rollers or jumps not built by the operator, unless they are within a designated freestyle terrain park. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Freestyler: means a winter sports participant utilizing freestyle terrain or a freestyle terrain park. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Fund: means a student loan fund. See Virginia Code 23.1-617
• Fund: means the Urban Public-Private Partnership Redevelopment Fund created by this chapter. See Virginia Code 15.2-2414
• Fund: means the New Economy Workforce Credential Grant Fund. See Virginia Code 23.1-627.1
• Fund: means the Virginia Broadband Infrastructure Loan Fund. See Virginia Code 15.2-2419
• Fund: means the Virginia Infrastructure Project Loan Fund. See Virginia Code 15.2-2430
• Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.
• Governing board: includes the State Board and the board of visitors of each baccalaureate public institution of higher education. See Virginia Code 23.1-100
• Governing body: means the board of supervisors of a county, council of a city, or council of a town, as the context may require. See Virginia Code 15.2-102
• governmental: includes the government of this Commonwealth, the government of the United States, and any of their subdivisions, agencies or instrumentalities. See Virginia Code 10.1-500
• Grand jury: agreement providing that a lender will delay exercising its rights (in the case of a mortgage,
• Grant: means the amount of financial assistance awarded under this article whether disbursed by warrant directly to an eligible institution or directly to a Virginia student. See Virginia Code 23.1-622
• Grant: means a New Economy Workforce Credential Grant. See Virginia Code 23.1-627.1
• Grant: means a Tuition Assistance Grant. See Virginia Code 23.1-628
• Grantor: The person who establishes a trust and places property into it.
• Guarantor: A party who agrees to be responsible for the payment of another party's debts should that party default. ^{Source: OCC}
• Guardian: means a person appointed by the court who has the powers and duties set out in § 64. See Virginia Code 64.2-2000
• Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
• Habeas corpus: A writ that is usually used to bring a prisoner before the court to determine the legality of his imprisonment. It may also be used to bring a person in custody before the court to give testimony, or to be prosecuted.
• Health care provider: means a health care provider as defined in § 8. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.4
• Helmet: means a type of molded headgear equipped with a neck or chin strap specifically designed by the manufacturer to be used while engaged in the winter sport of alpine skiing or snowboarding. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• High-demand field: means a discipline or field in which there is a shortage of skilled workers to fill current job vacancies or anticipated additional job openings. See Virginia Code 23.1-627.1
• Home state: means :

  1. See Virginia Code 6.2-836

• Home state: has the meaning assigned to it in § 6. See Virginia Code 6.2-849
• Host state: means a state, other than the home state of a bank, in which the bank maintains, or seeks to establish and maintain, a branch. See Virginia Code 6.2-836
• Host state: has the meaning assigned to it in § 6. See Virginia Code 6.2-849
• Hundred year flood: means a flood of that level which on the average will have a one percent chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year at designated locations. See Virginia Code 10.1-600
• In forma pauperis: In the manner of a pauper. Permission given to a person to sue without payment of court fees on claim of indigence or poverty.
• in writing: include any representation of words, letters, symbols, numbers, or figures, whether (i) printed or inscribed on a tangible medium or (ii) stored in an electronic or other medium and retrievable in a perceivable form and whether an electronic signature authorized by Chapter 42. See Virginia Code 1-257
• Incapacitated person: means an adult who has been found by a court to be incapable of receiving and evaluating information effectively or responding to people, events, or environments to such an extent that the individual lacks the capacity to (i) meet the essential requirements for his health, care, safety, or therapeutic needs without the assistance or protection of a guardian or (ii) manage property or financial affairs or provide for his support or for the support of his legal dependents without the assistance or protection of a conservator. See Virginia Code 64.2-2000
• incarcerated: means confinement in a local or regional correctional facility, juvenile correctional center, state correctional facility, residential detention center, or facility operated pursuant to the Corrections Private Management Act (§ 53. See Virginia Code 8.01-195.10
• Includes: means includes, but not limited to. See Virginia Code 1-218
• Indictment: The formal charge issued by a grand jury stating that there is enough evidence that the defendant committed the crime to justify having a trial; it is used primarily for felonies.
• individual: means a current direct recipient of public or private mental health, developmental, or substance abuse treatment, rehabilitation, or habilitation services and includes the terms "consumer" "patient" "resident" "recipient" or "client. See Virginia Code 64.2-2000
• Industry-recognized: means demonstrating competency or proficiency in the technical and occupational skills identified as necessary for performing functions of an occupation based on standards developed or endorsed by employers and industry organizations. See Virginia Code 23.1-627.1
• inherent risks of the winter sport: include :

  1. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11

• Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
• insolvency: means incapable of meeting the current demands of creditors or having liabilities which, in total, exceed the book value of assets. See Virginia Code 6.2-912
• institution: means any person or other entity, other than a public institution of higher education or any other entity authorized to issue bonds pursuant to Chapter 11 (§ 23. See Virginia Code 23.1-213
• Institution: means a public institution of higher education that has established a student loan fund from appropriations from the general fund of the state treasury for fellowships, scholarships, and loans. See Virginia Code 23.1-617
• insurance policies: shall include contracts of fidelity, indemnity, guaranty and suretyship. See Virginia Code 38.2-100
• Insurer: means an insurance company. See Virginia Code 38.2-100
• Inter vivos: Transfer of property from one living person to another living person.
• International banking facility: has the meaning assigned to it by the laws of the United States or the regulations of the Board of Governors for the Federal Reserve System. See Virginia Code 6.2-800
• Interrogatories: Written questions asked by one party of an opposing party, who must answer them in writing under oath; a discovery device in a lawsuit.
• Interstate merger transaction: means :

  1. See Virginia Code 6.2-849

• Intestate: Dying without leaving a will.
• Investigation: means any inquiry conducted by an investigator for the purpose of ascertaining whether any person is or has been engaged in any violation of this article. See Virginia Code 8.01-216.2
• Irrevocable trust: A trust arrangement that cannot be revoked, rescinded, or repealed by the grantor.
• Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
• Juror: A person who is on the jury.
• Law-enforcement agency: means any crime victim and witness assistance program whose funding is provided in whole or in part by grants administered by the Department of Criminal Justice Services pursuant to § 9. See Virginia Code 2.2-438
• Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). ^{Source: OCC}
• Legacy: A gift of property made by will.
• Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity.
• Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
• Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
• Local department: means the local department of social services of any county or city in the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 2.2-438
• local government: shall be construed to mean a county, city, or town as the context may require. See Virginia Code 15.2-102
• Local government: means any county, city, town, municipal corporation, authority, district, commission, or political subdivision created by the General Assembly or pursuant to the Constitution or laws of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 15.2-2419
• Local government: means any county, city, town, municipal corporation, authority, district, commission, or political subdivision created by the General Assembly or pursuant to the Constitution or laws of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 15.2-2430
• Locality: means a county, city, or town. See Virginia Code 10.1-600
• Locality: means a county, city or town. See Virginia Code 10.1-500
• Locality: means a county, city, or town as the context may require. See Virginia Code 1-221
• Material: means having a natural tendency to influence, or be capable of influencing, the payment or receipt of money or property. See Virginia Code 8.01-216.2
• Month: means a calendar month and "year" means a calendar year. See Virginia Code 1-223
• Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
• Mortgage loan: A loan made by a lender to a borrower for the financing of real property. ^{Source: OCC}
• Mortgagee: The person to whom property is mortgaged and who has loaned the money.
• Mortgagor: The person who pledges property to a creditor as collateral for a loan and who receives the money.
• National Bank: A bank that is subject to the supervision of the Comptroller of the Currency. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency is a bureau of the U.S. Treasury Department. A national bank can be recognized because it must have "national" or "national association" in its name. ^{Source: OCC}
• National Credit Union Administration: The federal regulatory agency that charters and supervises federal credit unions. (NCUA also administers the National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund, which insures the deposits of federal credit unions.) ^{Source: OCC}
• National flood insurance program: means the program established by the United States Congress under provisions of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968, as amended, and as expanded in the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973, designed to provide flood insurance at rates made affordable through federal subsidy. See Virginia Code 10.1-600
• Nolo contendere: No contest-has the same effect as a plea of guilty, as far as the criminal sentence is concerned, but may not be considered as an admission of guilt for any other purpose.
• Non-college degree school: includes academic-vocational non-college degree schools and vocational non-college degree schools. See Virginia Code 23.1-213
• Noncredit workforce credential: means a competency-based, industry-recognized, portable, and third-party-validated certification or occupational license in a high-demand field. See Virginia Code 23.1-627.1
• Noncredit workforce training program: means a program at an eligible institution that leads to an occupation or a cluster of occupations in a high-demand field, which program may include the attainment of a noncredit workforce credential. See Virginia Code 23.1-627.1
• Notary: means notary public. See Virginia Code 1-226
• Oath: A promise to tell the truth.
• Oath: includes affirmation. See Virginia Code 1-228
• Obligation: means an established duty, whether or not fixed, arising from (i) an express or implied contractual, grantor-grantee, or licensor-licensee relationship; (ii) a fee-based or similar relationship; (iii) a statute or regulation; or (iv) the retention of any overpayment. See Virginia Code 8.01-216.2
• Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
• Office: means the Office of the Children's Ombudsman established under § 2. See Virginia Code 2.2-438
• Official use: means any use that is consistent with the law, regulations, and policies of the Commonwealth, including use in connection with (i) internal memoranda and reports of the Office of the Attorney General; (ii) communications between the Office of the Attorney General and a federal, state, or local government agency, or a contractor of a federal, state, or local government agency, undertaken in furtherance of an Office of the Attorney General investigation or prosecution of a case; (iii) interviews of any qui tam relator or other witness; (iv) oral examinations; (v) depositions; (vi) the preparation for and response to civil discovery requests; (vii) the introduction into the record of a case or proceeding; (viii) applications, motions, memoranda, and briefs submitted to a court or other tribunal; and (ix) communications with government investigators, auditors, consultants, experts, the counsel of other parties, arbitrators, and mediators, concerning an investigation, case, or proceeding. See Virginia Code 8.01-216.2
• Ombudsman: means the individual appointed to head the Office of the Children's Ombudsman under § 2. See Virginia Code 2.2-438
• Oral argument: An opportunity for lawyers to summarize their position before the court and also to answer the judges' questions.
• Out-of-state bank: means a bank whose home state is a state other than the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 6.2-836
• Out-of-state bank: has the meaning assigned to it in § 6. See Virginia Code 6.2-849
• Out-of-state state bank: means a bank chartered under the laws of any state other than the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 6.2-836
• Out-of-state state bank: has the meaning assigned to it in § 6. See Virginia Code 6.2-849
• Oversight: Committee review of the activities of a Federal agency or program.
• participating in a winter sport: means :

  1. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11

• Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
• Passenger: means any individual, including a winter sports participant, while being transported or conveyed by a passenger tramway, while waiting in the immediate vicinity for such transportation or conveyance, while moving away from the disembarkation or unloading point of a passenger tramway to clear the way for the following passengers, or while boarding or embarking upon or unloading or disembarking from a passenger tramway. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Passenger tramway: means any ski lift, chairlift, gondola, tramway, cable car, or other aerial lift and any rope tow, conveyor, t-bar, j-bar, handle tow, or other surface lift used by an operator to transport participants, spectators, observers, or pedestrians at a winter sports area, and any associated components including, but not limited to, lift towers, concrete tower foundations, tower bolts, tower ladders, lift terminals, chairs, gondolas, t-bars, j-bars, conveyors, and other structures relating to passenger tramways. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Person: includes any natural person, corporation, firm, association, organization, partnership, limited liability company, business or trust. See Virginia Code 8.01-216.2
• Person: means any individual, corporation, partnership, association, cooperative, limited liability company, trust, joint venture, government, political subdivision, or any other legal or commercial entity and any successor, representative, agent, agency, or instrumentality thereof. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Person: shall include individuals, a trust, an estate, a partnership, an association, an order, a corporation, or any other legal or commercial entity;

  6. See Virginia Code 8.01-2

• Person: means any association, aggregate of individuals, business, company, corporation, individual, joint-stock company, Lloyds type of organization, organization, partnership, receiver, reciprocal or interinsurance exchange, trustee or society. See Virginia Code 38.2-100
• Person: means any individual, corporation, partnership, association, cooperative, limited liability company, trust, joint venture, government, political subdivision, or other legal or commercial entity. See Virginia Code 6.2-100
• Person under disability: includes a person less than 18 years of age. See Virginia Code 1-232
• Personal estate: includes chattels real and such other estate as, upon the death of the owner intestate, would devolve upon his personal representative. See Virginia Code 1-233
• Personal property: All property that is not real property.
• Personal representative: includes the executor of a will or the administrator of the estate of a decedent, the administrator of such estate with the will annexed, the administrator of such estate unadministered by a former representative, whether there is a will or not, any person who is under the order of a circuit court to take into his possession the estate of a decedent for administration, and every other curator of a decedent's estate, for or against whom suits may be brought for causes of action that accrued to or against the decedent. See Virginia Code 1-234
• Petition: means the document filed with a circuit court to initiate a proceeding to appoint a guardian or conservator. See Virginia Code 64.2-2000
• Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.
• Plea: In a criminal case, the defendant's statement pleading "guilty" or "not guilty" in answer to the charges, a declaration made in open court.
• Pleadings: Written statements of the parties in a civil case of their positions. In the federal courts, the principal pleadings are the complaint and the answer.
• Portable: means recognized by multiple employers or educational institutions and, where appropriate, across geographic areas. See Virginia Code 23.1-627.1
• Postsecondary school: includes programs of academic, vocational, and continuing professional education, except courses or programs of continuing professional education set forth in subdivision B 4 of § 23. See Virginia Code 23.1-213
• Power of attorney: A written instrument which authorizes one person to act as another's agent or attorney. The power of attorney may be for a definite, specific act, or it may be general in nature. The terms of the written power of attorney may specify when it will expire. If not, the power of attorney usually expires when the person granting it dies. ^{Source: OCC}
• Precedent: A court decision in an earlier case with facts and law similar to a dispute currently before a court. Precedent will ordinarily govern the decision of a later similar case, unless a party can show that it was wrongly decided or that it differed in some significant way.
• Principal place of business: means the single state in which the natural persons who establish policy for the direction, control, and coordination of the operations of the institution as a whole primarily exercise that function, considering the following factors: (i) the state in which the primary executive and administrative offices of the institution are located; (ii) the state in which the principal office of the chief executive officer of the institution is located; (iii) the state in which the board of trustees or similar governing board of the institution conducts a majority of its meetings; and (iv) the state from which the overall operations of the institution are directed. See Virginia Code 23.1-628
• Private capital funding source: means a private entity that enters into a financing agreement, under which that private entity shall purchase a lease of the conveyed property for a consideration to be provided in such agreement, and its successors and assigns. See Virginia Code 15.2-1815
• Private institution of higher education: includes each nonprofit private institution of higher education and proprietary private institution of higher education in the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 23.1-100
• Probable cause: A reasonable ground for belief that the offender violated a specific law.
• Probation: A sentencing alternative to imprisonment in which the court releases convicted defendants under supervision as long as certain conditions are observed.
• Probation officers: Screen applicants for pretrial release and monitor convicted offenders released under court supervision.
• Process: includes subpoenas, the summons and complaint in a civil action, and process in statutory actions. See Virginia Code 1-237
• Product of discovery: means (i) the original or duplicate of any deposition, interrogatory, document, thing, result of the inspection of land or other property, examination, or admission, which is obtained by any method of discovery in any judicial or administrative proceeding of an adversarial nature; (ii) any digest, analysis, selection, compilation, or derivation of any item listed in clause (i); and (iii) any index or other manner of access to any item listed in clause (i). See Virginia Code 8.01-216.2
• Program: means a curriculum or course of study in a discipline or interdisciplinary area that leads to a degree or certificate. See Virginia Code 23.1-213
• Program: means the Two-Year College Transfer Grant Program. See Virginia Code 23.1-622
• Program: means the New Economy Workforce Credential Grant Program. See Virginia Code 23.1-627.1
• Program: means the Tuition Assistance Grant Program. See Virginia Code 23.1-628
• Project: means a structure or structures identified in the capital improvement program of the locality or an agency or instrumentality of the locality that is a revenue-producing undertaking as provided in § 15. See Virginia Code 15.2-1815
• Project: means any undertaking by a local government to build or facilitate the building of broadband infrastructure, including wireless broadband infrastructure which will provide broadband services only to areas within the Commonwealth which are currently unserved by broadband services. See Virginia Code 15.2-2419
• Project: means any undertaking by a local government to build or facilitate the building of a facility, located at or adjacent to (i) a solid waste management facility permitted by the Department of Environmental Quality or (ii) a sewerage system or sewage treatment work described in § 62. See Virginia Code 15.2-2430
• Property: includes both real and personal property. See Virginia Code 64.2-2000
• Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
• Public facilities: means (i) airports, landing fields, and air navigation facilities; (ii) educational facilities; (iii) flood control, bank and shore protection, watershed protection, and dams; (iv) hospital facilities; (v) judicial and court facilities; (vi) correctional facilities, including jails and penitentiaries; (vii) library facilities; (viii) military installations; (ix) parks so designated by the Commonwealth or by the locality in its comprehensive plan; (x) properties of historical significance so designated by the Commonwealth; (xi) law enforcement, fire, emergency medical, and rescue facilities; (xii) sanitary sewer, water or stormwater facilities; (xiii) transportation facilities including highways, roads, streets, and bridges, traffic signals, related easements and rights-of-way, mass transit, ports, and any components of federal, state, or local transportation facilities; (xiv) waste management facilities for hazardous, radioactive, or other waste; (xv) office facilities occupied by a public corporation; and (xvi) such other facilities that are necessary to the construction, maintenance, or operation of a public facility as listed in clauses (i) through (xv) and directly related thereto. See Virginia Code 1-219.1
• Public institution of higher education: includes the System as a whole and each associate-degree-granting and baccalaureate public institution of higher education in the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 23.1-100
• Public welfare investment: means any investment permitted by 12 C. See Virginia Code 6.2-800
• Qualified education loan: means any qualified education loan obtained specifically to finance education or other school-related expenses. See Virginia Code 23.1-231
• Qualified education loan borrower: means (i) any current resident of the Commonwealth who has received or agreed to pay a qualified education loan or (ii) any person who shares responsibility with such resident for repaying the qualified education loan. See Virginia Code 23.1-231
• rates: means any rate of premium, policy fee, membership fee or any other charge made by an insurer for or in connection with a contract or policy of insurance. See Virginia Code 38.2-100
• real estate: includes lands, tenements and hereditaments, and all rights and appurtenances thereto and interests therein, other than a chattel interest. See Virginia Code 1-219
• Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act: Federal law that, among other things, requires lenders to provide "good faith" estimates of settlement costs and make other disclosures regarding the mortgage loan. RESPA also limits the amount of funds held in escrow for real estate taxes and insurance. ^{Source: OCC}
• Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
• Receivership court: means the circuit court that appoints a receiver for a bank pursuant to this article. See Virginia Code 6.2-925
• Reciprocal: means the aggregation of subscribers under a common name. See Virginia Code 38.2-1201
• Regular flood insurance program: means a program of insurance under the national flood insurance program, for which the Federal Insurance Administrator has issued a flood insurance rate map and applicable actuarial rates, and under which new construction will not be eligible for flood insurance except at the applicable actuarial rates. See Virginia Code 10.1-600
• Remainderman: One entitled to the remainder of an estate after a particular reserved right or interest, such as a life tenancy, has expired.
• Remand: When an appellate court sends a case back to a lower court for further proceedings.
• Reporter: Makes a record of court proceedings and prepares a transcript, and also publishes the court's opinions or decisions (in the courts of appeals).
• Rescission: The cancellation of budget authority previously provided by Congress. The Impoundment Control Act of 1974 specifies that the President may propose to Congress that funds be rescinded. If both Houses have not approved a rescission proposal (by passing legislation) within 45 days of continuous session, any funds being withheld must be made available for obligation.
• Respondent: means an allegedly incapacitated person for whom a petition for guardianship or conservatorship has been filed. See Virginia Code 64.2-2000
• Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.
• Resulting bank: means a bank that has resulted from an interstate merger transaction under this article. See Virginia Code 6.2-849
• Rural business investment company: means a company that has been granted final approval by the U. See Virginia Code 6.2-800
• Self-assessment: means (i) a bank's voluntary, self-initiated internal assessment, audit, or review of the bank and its practices, policies, and procedures or (ii) a bank's voluntary, self-initiated assessment, audit, or review of the practices, policies, and procedures of a person acting under contract, directly or indirectly, as the bank's service provider, including mortgage servicers and sub-servicers, credit and debit card processors, and providers of loan document systems. See Virginia Code 6.2-947
• Self-assessment report: means any document, including any audit, report, finding, communication, or opinion or any draft of an audit, report, finding, communication, or opinion, prepared by internal personnel or by outside attorneys, accountants, or consultants as a part of or in connection with a self-assessment that is made in good faith. See Virginia Code 6.2-947
• Sentencing guidelines: A set of rules and principles established by the United States Sentencing Commission that trial judges use to determine the sentence for a convicted defendant. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
• Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party.
• Servicing: means (i) receiving any scheduled periodic payments from a qualified education loan borrower pursuant to the terms of a qualified education loan; (ii) applying the payments of principal and interest and such other payments, with respect to the amounts received from a qualified education loan borrower, as may be required pursuant to the terms of a qualified education loan; and (iii) performing other administrative services with respect to a qualified education loan. See Virginia Code 23.1-231
• Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
• Sheriff: shall include deputy sheriffs and such other persons designated in § 15. See Virginia Code 8.01-2
• Snowmaking equipment: means any machine used to make snow, including but not limited to snow guns and any associated towers, components, pipe, hydrant, hose, or other structures or equipment, including electrical equipment. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• soil and water conservation district: means a political subdivision of this Commonwealth organized in accordance with the provisions of this chapter. See Virginia Code 10.1-500
• Sponsoring association: includes any wholly owned subsidiary of a sponsoring association. See Virginia Code 6.2-951
• State: means any commonwealth, state, territory, district or insular possession of the United States. See Virginia Code 38.2-100
• state agency: means the same as that term is defined in § 2. See Virginia Code 1-206
• State bank: means a bank incorporated under the laws of the Commonwealth and that has its principal place of business in the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 6.2-800
• State Board: means the State Board for Community Colleges. See Virginia Code 23.1-100
• Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
• Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights.
• Student: means a medical student, dental student, intern, resident, or undergraduate student who is entitled to reduced rate tuition charges pursuant to Chapter 5 (§ 23. See Virginia Code 23.1-617
• Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
• Subpoena duces tecum: A command to a witness to produce documents.
• Summons: Another word for subpoena used by the criminal justice system.
• Supreme Court: means the Supreme Court of Virginia. See Virginia Code 1-249
• sworn: means "affirm" or "affirmed. See Virginia Code 1-250
• System: means the Virginia Community College System. See Virginia Code 23.1-100
• Tax equity finance transaction: has the meaning assigned to it in 12 C. See Virginia Code 6.2-800
• Teachout plan: means a written agreement between or among postsecondary schools that provides for the equitable treatment of students if one party to the agreement ceases to offer an educational program before all students enrolled in that program complete the program. See Virginia Code 23.1-213
• Testator: A male person who leaves a will at death.
• Testify: Answer questions in court.
• Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
• Third-party-validated: means having an external process in place for determining validity and relevance in the workplace and for continuous alignment of demonstrated knowledge and skills with industry workforce needs. See Virginia Code 23.1-627.1
• Tort: A civil wrong or breach of a duty to another person, as outlined by law. A very common tort is negligent operation of a motor vehicle that results in property damage and personal injury in an automobile accident.
• Town: means any existing town or an incorporated community within one or more counties which became a town before noon, July one, nineteen hundred seventy-one, as provided by law or which has within defined boundaries a population of 1,000 or more and which has become a town as provided by law. See Virginia Code 15.2-102
• Town: means any existing town or an incorporated community within one or more counties which became a town before noon, July 1, 1971, as provided by law or which has within defined boundaries a population of 1,000 or more and which has become a town as provided by law. See Virginia Code 1-254
• Trail: includes edges and transition areas to other terrain, but does not include a tubing park. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Transcript: A written, word-for-word record of what was said, either in a proceeding such as a trial or during some other conversation, as in a transcript of a hearing or oral deposition.
• Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
• Trust business: has the meaning assigned to it in § 6. See Virginia Code 6.2-800
• Trust company: has the meaning assigned to it in § 6. See Virginia Code 6.2-800
• Trustee: means a trustee under a probated will or an inter vivos trust instrument. See Virginia Code 64.2-100
• Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
• Tubing: means sliding on inflatable tubes, minibobs, sleds, toboggans, or any other comparable devices down a prepared course or lanes at a winter sports area. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Tubing park: means an area designated by an operator for tubing. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• United States: includes the 50 states, the District of Columbia the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands and the United States Virgin Islands. See Virginia Code 1-255
• University: means any baccalaureate institution of higher education. See Virginia Code 23.1-213
• User fees: Fees charged to users of goods or services provided by the government. In levying or authorizing these fees, the legislature determines whether the revenue should go into the treasury or should be available to the agency providing the goods or services.
• Venue: The geographical location in which a case is tried.
• Verdict: The decision of a petit jury or a judge.
• Virginia bank: means a bank whose home state is Virginia. See Virginia Code 6.2-849
• Virginia state bank: means a bank chartered under the laws of Virginia. See Virginia Code 6.2-836
• Virginia state bank: has the meaning assigned to it in § 6. See Virginia Code 6.2-849
• Virginia student: means any student who has established domicile in the Commonwealth pursuant to § 23. See Virginia Code 23.1-100
• Voter: means a qualified voter as defined in § 24. See Virginia Code 15.2-102
• Winter sport: means a recreational or sporting activity, including sliding, jumping, walking, or traveling on a winter sports area trail for alpine skiing; Nordic skiing; telemark skiing; freestyle skiing; snowboarding; freestyle snowboarding; snowshoeing; tobogganing; sledding; or use of a snowmobile, minibob, snowbike, or comparable device; or any similar activity or use of a device that takes place at any time of the year on natural snow, man-made snow, ice, synthetic snow, synthetic ice, or any other synthetic surface, including a competition or the use of any device by a disabled or adaptive participant for a winter sport. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Winter sports area: means all the real and personal property under control of the operator or on the premises of such property that is being occupied by the operator by fee simple, lease, license, easement, permission, or otherwise, including but not limited to any and all trails, freestyle terrain, competition terrain, passenger tramways, or other areas of real property. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Winter sports area infrastructure: means :

  1. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11

• winter sports area operator: means any person who has responsibility for the operations of a winter sports area, including its officers, directors, and employees and agents acting within the scope of their employment. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• winter sports area trail: means any slope, trail, run, freestyle terrain, or competition terrain located in a winter sports area. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• winter sports participant: means an individual of any age or physical or mental ability who is an amateur or professional invitee of the operator or a trespasser and who participates in a winter sport at the winter sports area, whether or not consideration is paid to participate in the winter sport and whether or not the participant holds a valid admission ticket for all or a portion of the winter sports area, and any employee of the operator who participates in a winter sport either as part of his employment duties or as recreation. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Writ: A formal written command, issued from the court, requiring the performance of a specific act.
• wrongfully incarcerated: means incarceration for a felony conviction for which (i) the conviction has been vacated pursuant to Chapter 19. See Virginia Code 8.01-195.10