§ 600.2101 Cases tried without jury; objections to testimony or evidence; exclusion of testimony from record; taking of excluded testimony; return of excluded testimony to court of appeals or supreme court
§ 600.2102 Affidavit taken in other state or country; authentication
§ 600.2103 Judicial records of other states or countries; use as evidence; authentication
§ 600.2104 Judicial records of foreign countries; copies as evidence
§ 600.2105 Judicial records of foreign countries; proof by common law methods
§ 600.2106 Court order, judgment, or decree of court of record; certified copy as evidence
§ 600.2107 Public records; certified transcript as evidence
§ 600.2108 Secretary of state; certificate of nonexistence of record
§ 600.2109 Recorded conveyance and instruments; certified copies
§ 600.2110 Recorded conveyances and instruments; record in county other than situs; certified copies
§ 600.2111 Certificate of lost paper as evidence of loss
§ 600.2112 Certificates of justices of the peace of other states as evidence
§ 600.2113 Constitution, laws, and resolutions; official publication as evidence
§ 600.2114a Issues of foreign law; notice; evidence; duties of court; review on appeal
§ 600.2116 Laws, bylaws, regulations, resolutions, and ordinances of city, village, or township as evidence
§ 600.2117 Device by way of seal as evidence of seal
§ 600.2118a Foreign records and laws; evidence; copies, certification
§ 600.2119 Judgment; record of certified copy as evidence
§ 600.2122 Certified as evidence; United States land office records
§ 600.2123 Certified copies as evidence; records of board of control of Saint Mary’s Falls ship canal
§ 600.2124 Certified copies as evidence; United States weather record
§ 600.2125 Proof of publication; notice of application to court or judicial officer
§ 600.2126 Proof of publication; notice of sale of real property
§ 600.2127 Proof of publication; presumptive evidence
§ 600.2128 Proof of publication; prima facie evidence
§ 600.2129 Proof of publication; copy of record of document; certification; court orders; seal
§ 600.2130 Schedules, classifications, tariffs, and supplements filed with regulatory commissions; copies as evidence; presumption
§ 600.2131 Written instruments; proof; acknowledgment
§ 600.2132 Marriage certificates and records as evidence
§ 600.2133 Marriage license or certificate; record as evidence
§ 600.2134 Purchase of public lands; certificates as evidence
§ 600.2135 Breed of horses; evidence
§ 600.2136 Library record, book, or paper; copy or reproduction admissible as evidence; fee; false certification; penalty
§ 600.2137 Reproduction or copy admissible in evidence
§ 600.2138 Filed or recorded documents; copy or replacement; certification; admissibility as evidence; transcript or certified copy; filing or inserting correction, alteration, indorsement, or entry
§ 600.2139 Seal; presumptive evidence of consideration
§ 600.2140 Corporate existence; proof
§ 600.2141 Copartnership; proof
§ 600.2142 Seal; prima facie proof of lawful execution of instruments by corporations, other firms
§ 600.2143 Subscribing witness to instrument need not be called; exception
§ 600.2144 Signature or handwriting; proof
§ 600.2145 Open account or account stated; proof, counterclaim
§ 600.2146 Writing or record made in regular course of business; reproduction admissible in evidence; other circumstances; lack of entry; reproduction as evidence
§ 600.2147 Business record prepared or entered in regular course of business; reproduction as evidence; delivery of copy to adverse party
§ 600.2148 Reproduced records of business firms; disposal of original record; admissibility of reproduction in evidence; “person” defined
§ 600.2149 Loss of instrument; proof and disproof
§ 600.2151 Admission of member of corporation as evidence
§ 600.2152 Mental competency of testator; presumption
§ 600.2153 Public officers; administration of oaths for certain purposes
§ 600.2154 Witness; obligation to answer through revealing civil liability; self-incrimination
§ 600.2155 Statement, writing, or action expressing sympathy, compassion, commiseration, or benevolence; admissibility in action for malpractice; “family” defined
§ 600.2156 Minister, priest, or Christian Science practitioner; nondisclosure of confessions
§ 600.2157 Physician-patient privilege; waiver
§ 600.2157a Definitions; consultation between victim and sexual assault or domestic violence counselor; admissibility
§ 600.2157b Confidential communication to crime stoppers organization; definitions
§ 600.2158 Crime; interest or relationship of witness, effect
§ 600.2159 Parties as witnesses; depositions; comment on failure of criminal defendant to testify
§ 600.2161 Cross examination of opposite party or agent
§ 600.2162 Husband or wife as witness for or against other
§ 600.2163a Definitions; prosecutions and proceedings to which section applicable; use of dolls or mannequins; support person; notice; videorecorded statement; special arrangements to protect welfare of witness;
§ 600.2164 Expert witnesses; fees; contempt for excessive fees; number; application of section
§ 600.2164a Expert witness; testimony at trial by video communication equipment; motion; payment of cost
§ 600.2165 Disclosure of students’ records or communications by school teacher or employee
§ 600.2166 Admissibility of evidence in action by or against person incapable of testifying
§ 600.2169 Qualifications of expert witness in action alleging medical malpractice; determination; disqualification of expert witness; testimony on contingency fee basis as misdemeanor; limitations applicable to

Terms Used In Michigan Laws > Chapter 600 > Act 236 of 1961 > Chapter 21 - Evidence

  • Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
  • Affirmed: In the practice of the appellate courts, the decree or order is declared valid and will stand as rendered in the lower court.
  • annual meeting: when applied to townships, mean the annual meeting required by law to be held on the Saturday immediately preceding the first Monday in April. See Michigan Laws 8.3d
  • Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
  • Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
  • Appellate: About appeals; an appellate court has the power to review the judgement of another lower court or tribunal.
  • Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
  • Bed and breakfast: means that term as defined in section 4b of the Stille-DeRossett-Hale single state construction code act, 1972 PA 230, MCL 125. See Michigan Laws 427.301
  • Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. Source: OCC
  • Chambers: A judge's office.
  • commission: shall mean the state bridge commission hereinafter created, or, if said state bridge commission shall be abolished, any board or officer succeeding to the principal functions thereof or upon whom the powers given by this act to said commission shall be given by law. See Michigan Laws 254.152
  • Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
  • Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
  • Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
  • Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
  • Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
  • Counterclaim: A claim that a defendant makes against a plaintiff.
  • counterclaim: as used in this act , includes setoff and recoupment. See Michigan Laws 600.111
  • Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
  • Decedent: A deceased person.
  • Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
  • Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
  • Department: means the state department of labor. See Michigan Laws 423.321
  • Deposition: An oral statement made before an officer authorized by law to administer oaths. Such statements are often taken to examine potential witnesses, to obtain discovery, or to be used later in trial.
  • Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
  • Emancipated minor: means a minor who is emancipated under section 4 of 1968 PA 293, MCL 722. See Michigan Laws 427.301
  • Employee: means an individual who as a volunteer or for compensation provides an employer with his or her labor. See Michigan Laws 423.451
  • Employee: means a person currently employed or formerly employed by an employer. See Michigan Laws 423.501
  • Employer: means an individual, partnership, corporation, or other association, or a city, village, township, or county that employs 2 or more persons. See Michigan Laws 423.321
  • Employer: means a person who employs an individual for compensation or who supervises an individual providing labor as a volunteer. See Michigan Laws 423.451
  • Employer: means an individual, corporation, partnership, labor organization, unincorporated association, the state, or an agency or a political subdivision of the state, or any other legal, business, or commercial entity which has 4 or more employees and includes an agent of the employer. See Michigan Laws 423.501
  • Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
  • Freedom of Information Act: A federal law that mandates that all the records created and kept by federal agencies in the executive branch of government must be open for public inspection and copying. The only exceptions are those records that fall into one of nine exempted categories listed in the statute. Source: OCC
  • Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
  • Hotel: means that term as defined in section 1 of 1913 PA 188, MCL 427. See Michigan Laws 427.301
  • Impeachment: (1) The process of calling something into question, as in "impeaching the testimony of a witness." (2) The constitutional process whereby the House of Representatives may "impeach" (accuse of misconduct) high officers of the federal government for trial in the Senate.
  • improvements: shall mean such repairs, replacements, additions and betterments of and to works acquired by purchase as are deemed necessary to place them in a safe and efficient condition for the use of the public, if such repairs, replacements, additions and betterments are ordered prior to the sale of any bonds for the acquisition of such works. See Michigan Laws 254.152
  • in writing: shall be construed to include printing, engraving, and lithographing; except that if the written signature of a person is required by law, the signature shall be the proper handwriting of the person or, if the person is unable to write, the person's proper mark, which may be, unless otherwise expressly prohibited by law, a clear and classifiable fingerprint of the person made with ink or another substance. See Michigan Laws 8.3q
  • judgment: as used in this act , includes decree. See Michigan Laws 600.112
  • Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
  • Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). Source: OCC
  • Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
  • Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
  • Minor: means an individual under 18 years of age. See Michigan Laws 427.301
  • Oath: A promise to tell the truth.
  • oath: shall be construed to include the word "affirmation" in all cases where by law an affirmation may be substituted for an oath; and in like cases the word "sworn" shall be construed to include the word "affirmed". See Michigan Laws 8.3k
  • Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
  • person: may extend and be applied to bodies politic and corporate, as well as to individuals. See Michigan Laws 8.3l
  • Personal property: All property that is not real property.
  • Personnel record: means a record kept by the employer that identifies the employee, to the extent that the record is used or has been used, or may affect or be used relative to that employee's qualifications for employment, promotion, transfer, additional compensation, or disciplinary action. See Michigan Laws 423.501
  • Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.
  • Plea: In a criminal case, the defendant's statement pleading "guilty" or "not guilty" in answer to the charges, a declaration made in open court.
  • Pleadings: Written statements of the parties in a civil case of their positions. In the federal courts, the principal pleadings are the complaint and the answer.
  • Probate: Proving a will
  • Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
  • Prospective employer: means a person to whom an employee or former employee has submitted an application for employment. See Michigan Laws 423.451
  • Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
  • Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
  • Reporter: Makes a record of court proceedings and prepares a transcript, and also publishes the court's opinions or decisions (in the courts of appeals).
  • seal: shall be construed to include any of the following:
  (a) The impression of the seal on the paper alone. See Michigan Laws 8.3n
  • shall not apply: means that the pertinent provision is not operative as to certain persons or things or in conjunction with a particular date or dates. See Michigan Laws 8.4c
  • State: means this state or an agency, department, division, bureau, board, commission, council, authority, or other body of this state. See Michigan Laws 423.321
  • state: when applied to the different parts of the United States, shall be construed to extend to and include the District of Columbia and the several territories belonging to the United States; and the words "United States" shall be construed to include the district and territories. See Michigan Laws 8.3o
  • Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
  • Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
  • Testify: Answer questions in court.
  • Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
  • Transcript: A written, word-for-word record of what was said, either in a proceeding such as a trial or during some other conversation, as in a transcript of a hearing or oral deposition.
  • Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
  • United States: shall be construed to include the district and territories. See Michigan Laws 8.3o
  • works: shall include all property, rights, easements and franchises relating thereto and deemed or convenient for their operation, and shall embrace an international bridge over, and ferries across the Saint Clair River at or near Port Huron. See Michigan Laws 254.152
  • Writ: A formal written command, issued from the court, requiring the performance of a specific act.