§ 18.2-214 Changing or removing, etc., trademarks, identification marks, etc.
§ 18.2-214.1 Penalties for failure to report removal or alteration of identification or serial number on business machines
§ 18.2-215 Removal or alteration of identification numbers on household electrical appliances; possession of such appliances
§ 18.2-216 Untrue, deceptive or misleading advertising, inducements, writings or documents
§ 18.2-216.1 Unauthorized use of name or picture of any person; punishment
§ 18.2-217 Advertising merchandise, etc., for sale with intent not to sell at price or terms advertised; prima facie evidence of violation
§ 18.2-218 Failure to indicate goods, etc., are “seconds,” “irregulars,” “secondhand,” etc.
§ 18.2-220 Use of word “wholesale” or “wholesaler.”
§ 18.2-221 Advertising new or used automobiles or trucks
§ 18.2-222 Misrepresentation as to source of merchandise; penalty
§ 18.2-223 “Going out of business” sales; permit required
§ 18.2-224 “Going out of business” sales; counties, cities and towns to issue permits; inspections; application for permit; inventory required; commingling of other goods prohibited; duratio
§ 18.2-225 Misrepresentations as to agricultural products
§ 18.2-226 Fraud and misrepresentation in sale of liquid fuels, lubricating oils and similar products
§ 18.2-227 Same; sale from pump indicating other brand
§ 18.2-228 Same; imitating indicia of other brands
§ 18.2-229 Same; false trade name or mixing brands
§ 18.2-230 Same; assisting in violation of §§ 18.2-226 through 18.2-229
§ 18.2-231 Same; label required
§ 18.2-232 Same; punishment for violation of §§ 18.2-226 through 18.2-231
§ 18.2-233 Sale of goods marked “sterling” and “sterling silver.”
§ 18.2-234 Sale of goods marked “coin” and “coin silver.”
§ 18.2-235 Regulating sale of merchandise made of gold
§ 18.2-237 Buying, etc., certain secondhand materials; intent; possession
§ 18.2-238 Buying, etc., pig iron, etc., with intent to defraud; possession; evidence of intent
§ 18.2-239 Pyramid promotional schemes; misdemeanor; definitions; contracts void
§ 18.2-240 Same; injunction
§ 18.2-241 Acceptance of promissory notes in payment for food sold at retail
§ 18.2-242 Use of games, lotteries, etc., for promoting sale of certain products
§ 18.2-242.1 Certain referral transactions in connection with consumer sales or leases prohibited; effect of such transactions
§ 18.2-243 When issuer or distributor of advertisements not guilty of violation; inadvertent error
§ 18.2-244 Right to select clientele or customers not affected
§ 18.2-245 Enjoining violation of this article
§ 18.2-246 Penalty in general for violations

Terms Used In Virginia Code > Title 18.2 > Chapter 6 > Article 8 - Misrepresentations and Other Offenses Connected with Sales

  • Allegation: something that someone says happened.
  • Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
  • Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
  • Bail: Security given for the release of a criminal defendant or witness from legal custody (usually in the form of money) to secure his/her appearance on the day and time appointed.
  • Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
  • Bid: means any submission of a price, whether written or oral, for any goods, services or construction to be provided. See Virginia Code 59.1-68.6
  • City: means an independent incorporated community which became a city as provided by law before noon on July 1, 1971, or which has within defined boundaries a population of 5,000 or more and which has become a city as provided by law. See Virginia Code 1-208
  • clinic: means an individual, partnership or corporation, institution of higher education, or government entity licensed by the Department as prescribed by this chapter for the purpose of instructing persons identified by the Department and the court system as problem drivers; in need of driver improvement education and training; and for drivers interested in improving their own knowledge of highway safety. See Virginia Code 46.2-490.3
  • Commission: means the State Corporation Commission. See Virginia Code 59.1-69
  • Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
  • Continuance: Putting off of a hearing ot trial until a later time.
  • Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
  • Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
  • Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
  • Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
  • Dealer: means any person who purchases motor fuel for sale to the general public for ultimate consumption. See Virginia Code 59.1-21.10
  • Decedent: A deceased person.
  • Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
  • Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
  • Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
  • Distributor: shall mean any distributor, wholesaler, jobber, consignee or commission agent who purchases or otherwise acquires possession of or an interest in petroleum products under a contract of supply in the Commonwealth from a supplier for redistribution or wholesale sale;

    4. See Virginia Code 59.1-21.18:2

  • Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. Source: U.S. Courts
  • Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
  • Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.
  • Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
  • Force majeure: means an act of God or any other cause not reasonably within the control of the supplier. See Virginia Code 59.1-21.18:2
  • franchise agreement: means any agreement, express or implied, between a refiner and a dealer under which a refiner authorizes or permits a dealer to use, in connection with the sale, consignment, or distribution of motor fuel, a trademark which is owned or controlled by such refiner. See Virginia Code 59.1-21.10
  • Franchisor: means a refiner who authorizes or permits, under a franchise, a dealer to use a trademark in connection with the sale, consignment, or distribution of motor fuel. See Virginia Code 59.1-21.10
  • Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
  • Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
  • in writing: include any representation of words, letters, symbols, numbers, or figures, whether (i) printed or inscribed on a tangible medium or (ii) stored in an electronic or other medium and retrievable in a perceivable form and whether an electronic signature authorized by Chapter 42. See Virginia Code 1-257
  • Includes: means includes, but not limited to. See Virginia Code 1-218
  • Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
  • Instructor: means any person, whether acting for himself as operator of a driver training clinic or for such clinic for compensation, who is licensed by the Department as prescribed by this chapter and who teaches, conducts classes, gives demonstrations, or supervises persons undergoing mandatory or voluntary driver improvement training. See Virginia Code 46.2-490.3
  • Intangible property: Property that has no intrinsic value, but is merely the evidence of value such as stock certificates, bonds, and promissory notes.
  • Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
  • Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). Source: OCC
  • leased marketing premises: means the premises at which petroleum products are sold to the general public. See Virginia Code 59.1-21.10
  • Monthly allocation: shall mean the monthly amount of petroleum products sold or otherwise supplied to a distributor under applicable U. See Virginia Code 59.1-21.18:2
  • Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
  • owner: means the person who owns the sounds fixed in any master phonograph record, master disc, master tape, master film or other device used for reproducing recorded sounds on phonograph records, discs, tapes, films, videocassettes, or other articles now known or later developed on which sound is recorded and from which the transferred sounds are directly or indirectly derived, or the person who owns the rights to record or authorize the recording of a live performance. See Virginia Code 59.1-41.1
  • Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
  • Person: means any individual, firm, partnership or corporation;

    2. See Virginia Code 59.1-68.6

  • Person: has the meaning prescribed in § 1-230. See Virginia Code 59.1-69
  • Person: includes any individual, corporation, partnership, association, cooperative, limited liability company, trust, joint venture, government, political subdivision, or any other legal or commercial entity and any successor, representative, agent, agency, or instrumentality thereof. See Virginia Code 1-230
  • Petroleum products: shall mean kerosene and number one and two heating oils;

    2. See Virginia Code 59.1-21.18:2

  • Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.
  • Plea: In a criminal case, the defendant's statement pleading "guilty" or "not guilty" in answer to the charges, a declaration made in open court.
  • Precedent: A court decision in an earlier case with facts and law similar to a dispute currently before a court. Precedent will ordinarily govern the decision of a later similar case, unless a party can show that it was wrongly decided or that it differed in some significant way.
  • Probation: A sentencing alternative to imprisonment in which the court releases convicted defendants under supervision as long as certain conditions are observed.
  • Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
  • real estate: includes lands, tenements and hereditaments, and all rights and appurtenances thereto and interests therein, other than a chattel interest. See Virginia Code 1-219
  • Refiner: means any person engaged in the refining of crude oil to produce motor fuel and includes any affiliate of such person. See Virginia Code 59.1-21.10
  • Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
  • Retail: means the sale of petroleum products for purposes other than resale. See Virginia Code 59.1-21.10
  • revocation: means that the document or privilege revoked is not subject to renewal or restoration except through reapplication after the expiration of the period of revocation. See Virginia Code 46.2-100
  • Shoulder: means that part of a highway between the portion regularly traveled by vehicular traffic and the lateral curbline or ditch. See Virginia Code 46.2-100
  • State: when applied to a part of the United States, includes any of the 50 states, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the United States Virgin Islands. See Virginia Code 1-245
  • Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
  • Supplier: shall mean any person, partnership, company, corporation or association engaged in the refining and subsequent sale of petroleum products to any distributor in the Commonwealth;

    3. See Virginia Code 59.1-21.18:2

  • suspension: means that the document or privilege suspended has been temporarily withdrawn, but may be reinstated following the period of suspension unless it has expired prior to the end of the period of suspension. See Virginia Code 46.2-100
  • To discontinue: shall mean the failure or refusal to sell a monthly allocation as defined herein to a distributor for a period of six consecutive months unless such failure or refusal is the direct and proximate result of force majeure;

    6. See Virginia Code 59.1-21.18:2

  • To reduce: shall mean the failure or refusal of a supplier to deliver at least seventy-five per centum of a monthly allocation to a distributor for a period of two consecutive months unless such failure or refusal is the direct and proximate result of an allocation percentage factor applied by the supplier to all its distributors or force majeure;

    7. See Virginia Code 59.1-21.18:2

  • Town: means any existing town or an incorporated community within one or more counties which became a town before noon, July 1, 1971, as provided by law or which has within defined boundaries a population of 1,000 or more and which has become a town as provided by law. See Virginia Code 1-254
  • Transcript: A written, word-for-word record of what was said, either in a proceeding such as a trial or during some other conversation, as in a transcript of a hearing or oral deposition.
  • Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
  • United States: includes the 50 states, the District of Columbia the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands and the United States Virgin Islands. See Virginia Code 1-255
  • Vehicle: means every device in, on or by which any person or property is or may be transported or drawn on a highway, except personal delivery devices and devices moved by human power or used exclusively on stationary rails or tracks. See Virginia Code 46.2-100