Terms Used In New York Laws > Business Corporation > Article 4 - Formation of Corporations

• Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.
• At risk populations: means populations including but not limited to families with children receiving family assistance, households receiving federal supplemental security income payments, households with incomes at or below one hundred eighty-five percent of the poverty level, recipients of emergency food, elderly or disabled persons, homeless persons, unemployed persons, and families and persons residing in rural households who are at risk of nutritional deficiencies. See N.Y. Social Services Law 465-A
• Attorney-in-fact: A person who, acting as an agent, is given written authorization by another person to transact business for him (her) out of court.
• Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
• Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
• Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
• Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
• Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
• Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
• Food assistance programs: means programs including but not limited to food stamp programs, school breakfast and lunch programs, child care food programs, summer food service programs, special supplemental programs for women, infants and children, congregate meal programs and home delivered meal programs. See N.Y. Social Services Law 465-A
• Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
• High risk areas: means any county or urban area where a significant percentage or number of those potentially eligible for food assistance programs are not participating in such programs. See N.Y. Social Services Law 465-A
• intimate relationship: include , but are not limited to: the nature or type of relationship, regardless of whether the relationship is sexual in nature; the frequency of interaction between the persons; and the duration of the relationship. See N.Y. Social Services Law 459-A
• Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
• Non-residential program for victims of domestic violence: means any program operated by a not-for-profit organization, for the purpose of providing non-residential services to victims of domestic violence, including, but not limited to, information and referral services, advocacy, counseling, and community education and outreach activities and providing or arranging for hotline services. See N.Y. Social Services Law 459-A
• Parent: means a natural or adoptive parent or any individual lawfully charged with a minor child's care or custody. See N.Y. Social Services Law 459-A
• Precedent: A court decision in an earlier case with facts and law similar to a dispute currently before a court. Precedent will ordinarily govern the decision of a later similar case, unless a party can show that it was wrongly decided or that it differed in some significant way.
• Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business.
• Residential program for victims of domestic violence: means any residential care program certified by the department and operated by a not-for-profit organization in accordance with the regulations of the department for the purpose of providing emergency shelter, services and care to victims of domestic violence. See N.Y. Social Services Law 459-A
• Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
• Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
• Victim of domestic violence: means any person over the age of sixteen, any married person or any parent accompanied by his or her minor child or children in situations in which such person or such person's child is a victim of an act which would constitute a violation of the penal law, including, but not limited to acts constituting disorderly conduct, harassment, aggravated harassment, sexual misconduct, forcible touching, sexual abuse, stalking, criminal mischief, menacing, reckless endangerment, kidnapping, assault, attempted assault, attempted murder, criminal obstruction of breathing or blood circulation, strangulation, identity theft, grand larceny or coercion; and
  
  (i) such act or acts have resulted in actual physical or emotional injury or have created a substantial risk of physical or emotional harm to such person or such person's child; and
  
  (ii) such act or acts are or are alleged to have been committed by a family or household member. See N.Y. Social Services Law 459-A