Terms Used In New York Laws > Penal

• Academic year: shall mean the regular school year beginning July first and ending June thirtieth. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-881
• Access: means to instruct, communicate with, store data in, retrieve from, or otherwise make use of any resources of a computer, physically, directly or by electronic means. See N.Y. Penal Law 156.00
• Account owner: shall mean a person who enters into a tuition savings agreement pursuant to the provisions of this article, including a person who enters into such an agreement as a fiduciary or agent on behalf of a trust, estate, partnership, association, company or corporation. See N.Y. Penal Law 70.02
• Accumulated contributions: shall mean the sum of all the amounts deducted from the compensation of a contributor, and credited to his individual account in the annuity savings fund together with regular interest thereon. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-2117
• Accused: shall mean a person accused of a violation who has not yet entered an institution's judicial or conduct process. See N.Y. Penal Law 415.00
• Acquittal:
  1. Judgement that a criminal defendant has not been proved guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.
  2. A verdict of "not guilty."
   
• Adjourn: A motion to adjourn a legislative chamber or a committee, if passed, ends that day's session.
• Adjournment sine die: The end of a legislative session "without day." These adjournments are used to indicate the final adjournment of an annual or the two-year session of legislature.
• Adopter: means any faculty member or academic department at institutions of higher learning responsible for considering and choosing textbooks and/or supplemental materials to be utilized in connection with the accredited courses taught at institutions of higher education. See N.Y. Penal Law 70.45
• Adoption: means the delivery to any natural person eighteen years of age or older, for the limited purpose of harboring a pet, of any dog, seized or surrendered, or any cat. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 2422
• adoptor: shall mean a person adopting and "adoptive child" or "adoptee" shall mean a person adopted. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-943
• advertising: means all representations, other than the required label statements made in any manner or by any means relating to seed within the scope of this act. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-E
• AEM: means agricultural environmental management. See N.Y. Tax Law 1204
• AEM plan: means a document prepared or approved by a certified AEM planner and accepted by a participating farmer which documents a course of action for the environmental management of a farm operation, including, but not limited to, measures to abate and control agricultural nonpoint source water pollution, air pollution and other adverse environmental impacts from farm operations through the implementation of best management practices, in a way which maintains the viability of the farm operation. See N.Y. Tax Law 1204
• Affirmed: In the practice of the appellate courts, the decree or order is declared valid and will stand as rendered in the lower court.
• Amortization: Paying off a loan by regular installments.
• Amount: shall include , but is not limited to, any dividend, profit or other distribution, whether in cash or securities, and any interest or other payment on or of principal, including the cash value of any security which has matured or has been called for full or partial redemption or is payable to security owners or former security owners

  entitled to payments as the result of a merger, consolidation, acquisition or conversion of any type. See N.Y. Penal Law 240.60

• Amount: shall mean that term as defined in subdivision seven of section five hundred of this chapter. See N.Y. Penal Law 240.70
• Animal: means cattle, swine, sheep, goats, horses and other large domesticated mammals. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1835-D
• Animal: means any animal, domestic or feral, or any domesticated bird. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1837-C
• Annuity: A periodic (usually annual) payment of a fixed sum of money for either the life of the recipient or for a fixed number of years. A series of payments under a contract from an insurance company, a trust company, or an individual. Annuity payments are made at regular intervals over a period of more than one full year.
• Annuity: shall mean the annual payments for life derived from contributions made by contributor as provided in this article. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-2117
• Annuity reserve: shall mean the present value of all payments to be made on account of any annuity, or benefit in lieu of any annuity, computed upon the basis of such mortality tables as shall be adopted by the retirement board with regular interest. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-2117
• Antique firearm: means :

  Any unloaded muzzle loading pistol or revolver with a matchlock, flintlock, percussion cap, or similar type of ignition system, or a pistol or revolver which uses fixed cartridges which are no longer available in the ordinary channels of commercial trade. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00

• Appellate: About appeals; an appellate court has the power to review the judgement of another lower court or tribunal.
• applicant: includes that person designated to act for him and perform his official function in and during his actual absence or disability. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-687
• Applicant: means a district attorney, an assistant district attorney, and when empowered by law to conduct an investigation of or to prosecute or participate in the prosecution of a designated crime, the attorney general, an assistant attorney general, the deputy attorney general in charge of the statewide organized crime task force, or an assistant deputy attorney general of such task force. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-701
• Appropriate institution: means : (a) a hospital operated by the office of mental health or a developmental center operated by the office for people with developmental disabilities; or (b) a hospital licensed by the department of health which operates a psychiatric unit licensed by the office of mental health, as determined by the commissioner provided, however, that any such hospital that is not operated by the state shall qualify as an "appropriate institution" only pursuant to the terms of an agreement between the commissioner and the hospital. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-740
• Approved plan: as used in this article means a plan of library service by a public library system approved by the commissioner subsequent to May first, nineteen hundred fifty-eight. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-866
• approved program: means a program for the education of physician assistants which has been formerly approved by the department. See N.Y. Penal Law 480.25
• approved program: means a program for the education of specialist assistants which has been approved by the department. See N.Y. Penal Law 490.01
• Armor piercing ammunition: means any ammunition capable of being used in pistols or revolvers containing a projectile or projectile core, or a projectile or projectile core for use in such ammunition, that is constructed entirely (excluding the presence of traces of other substances) from one or a combination of any of the following: tungsten alloys, steel, iron, brass, bronze, beryllium copper, or uranium. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• Assault weapon: means

  (a) a semiautomatic rifle that has an ability to accept a detachable magazine and has at least one of the following characteristics:

  (i) a folding or telescoping stock;

  (ii) a pistol grip that protrudes conspicuously beneath the action of the weapon;

  (iii) a thumbhole stock;

  (iv) a second handgrip or a protruding grip that can be held by the non-trigger hand;

  (v) a bayonet mount;

  (vi) a flash suppressor, muzzle break, muzzle compensator, or threaded barrel designed to accommodate a flash suppressor, muzzle break, or muzzle compensator;

  (vii) a grenade launcher; or

  (b) a semiautomatic shotgun that has at least one of the following characteristics:

  (i) a folding or telescoping stock;

  (ii) a thumbhole stock;

  (iii) a second handgrip or a protruding grip that can be held by the non-trigger hand;

  (iv) a fixed magazine capacity in excess of seven rounds;

  (v) an ability to accept a detachable magazine; or

  (c) a semiautomatic pistol that has an ability to accept a detachable magazine and has at least one of the following characteristics:

  (i) a folding or telescoping stock;

  (ii) a thumbhole stock;

  (iii) a second handgrip or a protruding grip that can be held by the non-trigger hand;

  (iv) capacity to accept an ammunition magazine that attaches to the pistol outside of the pistol grip;

  (v) a threaded barrel capable of accepting a barrel extender, flash suppressor, forward handgrip, or silencer;

  (vi) a shroud that is attached to, or partially or completely encircles, the barrel and that permits the shooter to hold the firearm with the non-trigger hand without being burned;

  (vii) a manufactured weight of fifty ounces or more when the pistol is unloaded; or

  (viii) a semiautomatic version of an automatic rifle, shotgun or firearm;

  (d) a revolving cylinder shotgun;

  (e) a semiautomatic rifle, a semiautomatic shotgun or a semiautomatic pistol or weapon defined in subparagraph (v) of paragraph (e) of subdivision twenty-two of section 265. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00

• Assisted project: shall mean any project in respect of which the authority has granted a loan or guaranteed a loan. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1801
• Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.
• Attest: means providing the following public accountancy services which all require the independence of licensees:

  a. See N.Y. Tax Law 1210-A

• Attorney-at-law: A person who is legally qualified and licensed to practice law, and to represent and act for clients in legal proceedings.
• Attorney-in-fact: A person who, acting as an agent, is given written authorization by another person to transact business for him (her) out of court.
• auction: means a public sale of cattle, swine or horses to the highest bidder. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1824
• auctioneer: means a person who sells, or makes a business of selling cattle, swine or horses, at auction. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1824
• Authority: shall mean the New York job development authority created by subdivision one of section eighteen hundred two of this title. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1801
• Authorized agency: shall mean an authorized agency as defined in the social services law and, for the purpose of this article, shall include such corporations incorporated or organized under the laws of this state as may be specifically authorized by their certificates of incorporation to receive children for purposes of adoption. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-943
• Autographed: means bearing the actual signature of a sports personality, signed by such individual's own hand. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-715
• Automatic knife: includes a stiletto, a switchblade knife, a gravity knife, a cane sword, a pilum ballistic knife, and a metal knuckle knife. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• balance sheet liability contribution: when used in relation to the New York city employees' retirement system, shall mean a payment of contribution which is required by the provisions of item (iv) of subparagraph (a) of paragraph one of subdivision b of section 13-127 of the administrative code of the city of New York to be made to such retirement system with respect to any fiscal year of the city preceding July first, nineteen hundred ninety. See N.Y. Penal Law 260.05
• banking law: refer to laws of the state;

  4. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 11-601

• Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
• Beneficiary: shall mean any person in receipt of a retirement allowance or other benefit as provided by this article. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-2117
• Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. ^{Source: OCC}
• Biological agent: means any micro-organism, virus, infectious substance, or biological product that may be engineered as a result of biotechnology, or any naturally occurring or bioengineered component of

  any such micro-organism, virus, infectious substance, or biological product, capable of causing:

  (a) death, disease, or other biological malfunction in a human, an animal, a plant, or another living organism;

  (b) deterioration of food, water, equipment, supplies, or material of any kind; or

  (c) deleterious alteration of the environment. See N.Y. Penal Law 490.05

• Biological weapon: means any biological agent, toxin, vector, or delivery system or combination thereof. See N.Y. Penal Law 490.05
• board: means the board of higher education of the city of New York. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.10
• board: means "board of directors". See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-728
• board of trustees: means the board of trustees of the city university of New York. See N.Y. Penal Law 260.05
• borrower: shall mean (i) a student who is a resident of New York state attending, or accepted for enrollment at, an eligible college, or (ii) the parent, legal guardian, or sponsor, as defined by the corporation in regulation, of a student attending, or accepted for enrollment at, an eligible college who is a resident of New York state, and who obtains an education loan from a lending institution to pay for or finance higher education expenses under this program. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-902
• Borrower: shall mean a student attending a covered institution in this state, or a parent or person in parental relation to such student, who also obtains an educational loan from a lending institution to pay for or finance higher education expenses. See N.Y. Penal Law 60.21
• Brand: means each commercial feed identified by and differing from others either in name, trademark, descriptive designation or other method or marking, composition or guaranteed analysis. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-AA*3
• brand: shall mean a term, name, design, or trademark used in connection with one or several grades of commercial fertilizer. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-L*4
• Brand name: means any word, name, symbol or device, or any combination thereof, identifying the commercial feed of a distributor or registrant and distinguishing it from that of others. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-AA*3
• Broker: shall include any individual or corporation engaging in the purchase, sale or exchange of securities for or on behalf of any customer. See N.Y. Penal Law 240.70
• Bystander: shall mean a person who observes a crime, impending crime, conflict, potentially violent or violent behavior, or conduct that is in violation of rules or policies of an institution. See N.Y. Penal Law 415.00
• camelid: means the entire family of camelidae. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1824
• Cane Sword: means a cane or swagger stick having concealed within it a blade that may be used as a sword or stilletto. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• Capital offense: A crime punishable by death.
• Captive REIT: means a REIT (a) that is not regularly traded on an established securities market, and (b) more than fifty percent of the voting stock of which is owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by a single corporation that is not exempt from federal income tax and is not a REIT. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 11-601
• Captive RIC: means a RIC (a) that is not regularly traded on an established securities market, and (b) more than fifty percent of the voting stock of which is owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by a single corporation that is not exempt from federal income tax and is not a RIC. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 11-601
• Case law: The law as laid down in cases that have been decided in the decisions of the courts.
• cattle: means the entire family of bovidae. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1824
• Caucus: From the Algonquian Indian language, a caucus meant "to meet together." An informal organization of members of the legislature that exists to discuss issues of mutual concern and possibly to perform legislative research and policy planning for its members. There are regional, political or ideological, ethnic, and economic-based caucuses.
• certified ESL school: shall mean a language school conducted for-profit which provides instruction in English as a second language and which accepts no public funds and is certified pursuant to paragraph f of subdivision four of this section; and

  c. See N.Y. Penal Law 240.65

• Chairman: means the chairman of the dormitory authority. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1695
• Chambers: A judge's office.
• chancellor: shall mean the chancellor of the city district. See N.Y. Penal Law 178.25
• Charitable or nonprofit organization: means any organization which is exempt from federal or state income taxation, except that the term does not include organizations which sell or offer to sell such donated items of food. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1801
• Chemical weapon: means the following, together or separately:

  (a) a toxic chemical or its precursors;

  (b) a munition or device specifically designed to cause death or other harm through the toxic properties of a toxic chemical or its precursors, which would be released as a result of the employment of such munition or device;

  (c) any equipment specifically designed for use directly in connection with the employment of munitions or devices; or

  (d) any device that is designed to release radiation or radioactivity at a level dangerous to human life. See N.Y. Penal Law 490.05

• Child care institution: shall mean any facility serving thirteen or more children licensed by the department of social services pursuant to title one of article seven of the social services law operated by an authorized agency, or a residential treatment facility for children and youth, whether or not such residential treatment facility is operated by an authorized agency, except that Blythedale Children's Hospital shall be a child care institution. See N.Y. Penal Law 220.06
• Child with a handicapping condition: shall mean a person between the ages of five and twenty-one who has been identified through appropriate evaluation and assessment as having a disability arising from cognitive, emotional or physical factors, or any combination thereof, which interferes with the child's ability to benefit from regular education. See N.Y. Penal Law 220.06
• Chuka stick: means any device designed primarily as a weapon, consisting of two or more lengths of a rigid material joined together by a thong, rope or chain in such a manner as to allow free movement of a portion of the device while held in the hand and capable of being rotated in such a manner as to inflict serious injury upon a person by striking or choking. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• city: shall mean the city of New York. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.10
• city board: shall mean the board of education of the city district. See N.Y. Penal Law 178.25
• city district: shall mean the city school district of the city of New York. See N.Y. Penal Law 178.25
• city university: means the city university of New York under the jurisdiction of the board of higher education of the city of New York. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.10
• city university: shall mean the city university of New York, including each senior college and each community college. See N.Y. Penal Law 260.05
• Civil forfeiture: The loss of ownership of property used to conduct illegal activity.
• Clerk: means the clerk of any county, town, city or village where licenses are validated or issued pursuant to this article. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 2422
• Clinic: shall mean a facility located either within or outside of a state university health care facility providing services related to the medical education mission of the university, but shall not include state university student health services. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-2007
• Code of conduct: shall mean the written policies adopted by an institution governing student behavior, rights, and responsibilities while such student is matriculated in the institution. See N.Y. Penal Law 415.00
• Codicil: An addition, change, or supplement to a will executed with the same formalities required for the will itself.
• Collectible: means an autographed sports item including, but not limited to, a photograph, book, ticket, plaque, sports program, trading card, item of sports equipment or clothing, or other sports memorabilia sold or offered for sale in or from this state by a dealer to a consumer for twenty-five dollars or more. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-715
• College: shall mean any institution of higher education, recognized and approved by the regents of the university of the state of New York, which provides a course of study leading to the granting of a post-secondary degree or diploma. See N.Y. Penal Law 60.02
• Commercial feed: means all materials except unmixed whole seeds or physically altered entire unmixed seeds, when not adulterated within the meaning of subdivision one of section one hundred thirty-two of this article, which are distributed for use as feed or for mixing in feed, and includes pet food and specialty pet food. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-AA*3
• commercial fertilizer: shall mean any substances containing one or more recognized plant nutrients which is used for its plant nutrient content, and which is designed for use or claimed to have value in promoting plant growth, except unmanipulated animal and vegetable manures, agricultural liming material, wood ashes, gypsum and other products exempted by regulation of the commissioner. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-L*4
• Commissioner: means the commissioner of agriculture and markets. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1835-D
• Commissioner: means the state commissioner of agriculture and markets. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 2422
• Commissioner: means the commissioner of agriculture and markets. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-AA*3
• Commissioner: means the commissioner of education of the state of New York. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-998
• Commissioner: means the state commissioner of mental health or the state commissioner of mental retardation and developmental disabilities. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-740
• commissioner: means the commissioner of agriculture and markets. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-L*4
• Commissioner: means the commissioner of education of the State of New York. See N.Y. Penal Law 55.10
• commissioner: means the commissioner of agriculture and markets of the state of New York. See N.Y. Penal Law 496.07
• Commissioner of finance: means the commissioner of finance of the city;

  6. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 11-601

• committee: means the state committee for perfusion created by section sixty-six hundred thirty-four of this article. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1811
• Committee membership: Legislators are assigned to specific committees by their party. Seniority, regional balance, and political philosophy are the most prominent factors in the committee assignment process.
• communication: includes conversation and discussion. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-687
• community board: shall mean the board of education of a community district. See N.Y. Penal Law 178.25
• community college: shall mean an institution of higher education in the city of New York, which is governed and administered as such, by the board of trustees on July first, nineteen hundred seventy-nine, whose primary purpose is providing certificate and associate degree post secondary programs in general and technical educational subjects, and is receiving financial assistance from the state as a community college. See N.Y. Penal Law 260.05
• community council: shall mean the community district education council of a community district established pursuant to section twenty-five hundred ninety-c of this article. See N.Y. Penal Law 178.25
• community district: shall mean a community school district created or to be created within the city district under the provisions of this article. See N.Y. Penal Law 178.25
• Community garden: shall mean public or private lands upon which citizens of the state have the opportunity to garden on lands which they do not individually own. See N.Y. Penal Law 400.01
• Community Reinvestment Act: The Act is intended to encourage depository institutions to help meet the credit needs of the communities in which they operate, including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods. It was enacted by the Congress in 1977. ^{Source: OCC}
• community superintendent: shall mean the superintendent of schools of a community district. See N.Y. Penal Law 178.25
• Compilation: means providing a service that presents, in the form of financial statements, information that is the representation of the management or owners of the client without undertaking to express any assurance of the accuracy of the information in the statements, to be performed in accordance with standards, developed by a federal governmental agency, commission or board or a recognized international or national professional accountancy organization, that are acceptable to the department in accordance with the commissioner's regulations. See N.Y. Tax Law 1210-A
• comptroller: shall mean the comptroller of the city of New York. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.10
• Comptroller: shall mean the comptroller of the state of New York. See N.Y. Penal Law 70.02
• Comptroller: shall mean the comptroller of the state. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1801
• Computer: means a device or group of devices which, by manipulation of electronic, magnetic, optical or electrochemical impulses, pursuant to a computer program, can automatically perform arithmetic, logical, storage or retrieval operations with or on computer data, and includes any connected or directly related device, equipment or facility which enables such computer to store, retrieve or communicate to or from a person, another computer or another device the results of computer operations, computer programs or computer data. See N.Y. Penal Law 156.00
• Computer network: means the interconnection of hardwire or wireless communication lines with a computer through remote terminals, or a complex consisting of two or more interconnected computers. See N.Y. Penal Law 156.00
• Computer service: means any and all services provided by or through the facilities of any computer communication system allowing the input, output, examination, or transfer, of computer data or computer programs from one computer to another. See N.Y. Penal Law 156.00
• Computerized test: means any test form administered to test subjects by means of a computer. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-998
• Concurrent resolution: A legislative measure, designated "S. Con. Res." and numbered consecutively upon introduction, generally employed to address the sentiments of both chambers, to deal with issues or matters affecting both houses, such as a concurrent budget resolution, or to create a temporary joint committee. Concurrent resolutions are not submitted to the President/Governor and thus do not have the force of law.
• Construction: includes construction of new buildings, acquisition of existing buildings, and expansion, remodeling, alteration, and renovation of existing buildings, and initial equipment of such new, newly acquired, expanded, remodeled, altered or renovated buildings;

  b. See N.Y. Penal Law 120.55

• Consumer: means any natural person who purchases an autographed sports collectible from a dealer for personal, family or household purposes. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-715
• contents: when used with respect to a communication, includes any information concerning the identity of the parties to such communications, and the existence, substance, purport, or meaning of that communication. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-687
• contributions for twenty-year amortization of nineteen hundred ninety senior college consolidated UAL and senior college remainder of BSL: shall mean all of the installments of contribution and contributions referred to in subdivisions 8-i to 8-n, inclusive, of this section which are required to be paid by the city and the state during the applicable twenty-year amortization period pursuant to section sixty-two hundred thirty-one of this article and the applicable provisions of subdivision bb of section 13-638. See N.Y. Penal Law 260.05
• Contributor: shall mean any member of the retirement system who has an account in the annuity savings fund as provided by this article. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-2117
• Corporation: means and includes all banks, trust companies, safe deposit companies, investment companies, mutual trust investment companies, and, to the extent not provided otherwise under any regulation of the superintendent of financial services promulgated pursuant to the provisions of section fourteen-e of this chapter, stock-form savings banks and stock-form savings and loan associations. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-728
• Corporation: shall mean the New York state higher education services corporation. See N.Y. Penal Law 70.02
• Corporation: shall mean any corporation (other than a public corporation as defined in paragraph (b) of this subdivision), joint stock company, association of two or more individuals, committee, partnership, investment company (as defined by, and which is registered under, an act of Congress of the United States entitled the "Investment Company Act of 1940" as amended), unit investment trust or business trust, whether or not for profit. See N.Y. Penal Law 240.60
• Corporation: shall include any joint stock company, corporation, association of two or more individuals, committee, public authority, or business trust. See N.Y. Penal Law 240.70
• Counterclaim: A claim that a defendant makes against a plaintiff.
• county: shall mean any county in this state, except a county wholly within a city. See N.Y. Tax Law 1215
• Covered institution employee: shall mean any employee, agent, contractor, director, officer or trustee of a covered institution. See N.Y. Penal Law 60.21
• CPA: means any person who has received a license from the department or any other state as a certified public accountant for the practice of public accountancy. See N.Y. Tax Law 1210-A
• crop seeds: include the seeds of grass, forage, cereal, field beans, and fiber crops, including "industrial hemp" as defined in section five hundred five of this chapter, or any other kinds of seeds commonly recognized within this state as agricultural seeds, lawn seeds, and mixtures of such seeds. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-E
• Cross examine: Questioning of a witness by the attorney for the other side.
• curd: as used in this article applies to the substance otherwise known as "pot cheese" or "cottage cheese. See N.Y. Penal Law 470.00
• Custom slaughtered meat: means meat from animals which have been slaughtered by a custom slaughterer for the owner exclusively for use, in the household of such owner, by him and members of his household and his non-paying guests and employees. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1835-D
• Custom slaughterer: means a person, firm, corporation or association who or which operates a place or establishment where animals are delivered by the owner thereof for slaughter exclusively for use, in the household of such owner, by him and members of his household and his non-paying guests and employees, provided, that such custom slaughterer does not engage in the business of buying or selling any carcasses, parts of carcasses, meat or meat products of any animal. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1835-D
• Customer: shall include any individual or corporation entering into a contract with a broker or dealer by which such broker or dealer agrees to effect the purchase, sale, or exchange, or to keep custody of any security for or on behalf of such individual or corporation. See N.Y. Penal Law 240.70
• Customer-formula feed: means commercial feed which consists of a mixture of commercial feeds and/or feed ingredients, each batch of which is manufactured according to the specific instructions of the final purchaser, including feed mixed from components supplied by the purchaser. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-AA*3
• dairy product: means all milk and milk products defined by the definitions and standards of identity promulgated pursuant to section forty-six-a of this chapter and such other food products derived from milk as the commissioner shall designate by regulation. See N.Y. Penal Law 496.07
• Dangerous dog: means any dog which (i) without justification attacks a person, companion animal as defined in subdivision five of section three hundred fifty of this chapter, farm animal as defined in subdivision four of section three hundred fifty of this chapter or domestic animal as defined in subdivision seven of this section and causes physical injury or death, or (ii) behaves in a manner which a reasonable person would believe poses a serious and unjustified imminent threat of serious physical injury or death to one or more persons, companion animals, farm animals or domestic animals or (iii) without justification attacks a service dog, guide dog or hearing dog and causes physical injury or death. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 2422
• dealer: includes an auctioneer who sells such collectibles at public auction, and includes persons who are consignors or principals of auctioneers. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-715
• Dealer: shall include any individual or corporation engaging in any state as a regular business in the purchase, sale or exchange of securities for his or its own account, through a broker or otherwise. See N.Y. Penal Law 240.70
• Dealer in firearms: means any person, firm, partnership, corporation or company who engages in the business of purchasing, selling, keeping for sale, loaning, leasing, or in any manner disposing

  of, any assault weapon, large capacity ammunition feeding device, pistol or revolver. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00

• Decedent: A deceased person.
• Decharacterization: means the uniform application of sufficient quantities of dye, charcoal, malodorous fish oil, acid, or any other agent approved by the commissioner upon and into the freely slashed flesh of meat or meat product not being rendered so as to unequivocally preclude its use for human food. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1837-C
• deer: means any member of the family of cervidae. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1824
• Defendant: means a person who has been charged by an accusatory instrument with the commission of an offense. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-709
• Defense attorney: Represent defendants in criminal matters.
• Delivery system: means :

  (a) any apparatus, equipment, device, or means of delivery specifically designed to deliver or disseminate a biological agent, toxin, or vector; or

  (b) any vector. See N.Y. Penal Law 490.05

• Department: means the department of agriculture and markets. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1835-D
• Department: means the department of agriculture and markets. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-AA*3
• Department of finance: means the department of finance of the city;

  7. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 11-601

• Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
• Deposition: An oral statement made before an officer authorized by law to administer oaths. Such statements are often taken to examine potential witnesses, to obtain discovery, or to be used later in trial.
• Description: means any representation in writing, including but not limited to a representation contained in an advertisement, invoice, catalog, flyer, sign, brochure, or other commercial or promotional material. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-715
• Designated beneficiary: shall mean , with respect to an account or accounts, the individual designated as the individual whose higher education expenses are expected to be paid from the account or accounts. See N.Y. Penal Law 70.02
• Designated crime: means any crime included within the definition of a "designated offense" in subdivision eight of section 700. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-701
• Designated offense: means any one or more of the following crimes:

  (a) A conspiracy to commit any offense enumerated in the following paragraphs of this subdivision, or an attempt to commit any felony enumerated in the following paragraphs of this subdivision which attempt would itself constitute a felony;

  (b) Any of the following felonies: assault in the second degree as defined in section 120. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-687

• Detection dog: means any dog that is trained and is actually used for such purposes or is undergoing training to be used for the purpose of detecting controlled substances, explosives, ignitable liquids, firearms, cadavers, or school or correctional facility contraband. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 2422
• Director: means (a) the director of a state hospital operated by the office of mental health or the director of a developmental center operated by the office of mental retardation and developmental disabilities, or (b) the director of a hospital operated by any local government of the state that has been certified by the commissioner as having adequate facilities to examine a defendant to determine if he is an incapacitated person, or (c) the director of community mental health services. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-740
• Disguised gun: means any weapon or device capable of being concealed on the person from which a shot can be discharged through the energy of an explosive and is designed and intended to appear to be something other than a gun. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• Disposal plant: means the premises or place where bodies, carcasses or portions thereof of dead, dying, diseased, disabled or condemned animals or inedible meat are received and held for the purpose of burning, processing or rendering or otherwise obtaining the hides, skins, grease or meat therefrom in any manner whatsoever. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1837-C
• Dispose of: means to dispose of, give, give away, lease, loan, keep for sale, offer, offer for sale, sell, transfer and otherwise dispose of. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• Disposition: means the disposal of a record by destruction, sale, gift, transfer to the local government archives, or by other authorized means. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-685
• Distribute: means to offer for sale, sell, exchange, or barter commercial feed; or to supply, furnish, or otherwise provide commercial feed to a contract feeder. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-AA*3
• distribute: means to offer for sale, sell, barter, exchange or otherwise supply commercial fertilizers. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-L*4
• Distributor: means any person who distributes. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-AA*3
• distributor: means any person who distributes and includes, but is not limited to, manufacturing plants, blending plants and bulk storage facilities. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-L*4
• district superintendent: shall mean the chief administrative officer of a supervisory district as defined in article forty-five of this chapter. See N.Y. Penal Law 160.10
• Dog: means any member of the species canis familiaris. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 2422
• Dog control officer: means any individual appointed by a municipality to assist in the enforcement of this article or any authorized officer, agent or employee of an incorporated humane society or similar incorporated dog protective association under contract with a municipality to assist in the enforcement of this article. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 2422
• Domestic animal: means any domesticated sheep, horse, cattle, fallow deer, red deer, sika deer, whitetail deer which is raised under license from the department of environmental conservation, llama, goat, swine, fowl, duck, goose, swan, turkey, confined domestic hare or rabbit, pheasant or other bird which is raised in confinement under license from the state department of environmental conservation before release from captivity, except that the varieties of fowl commonly used for cock fights shall not be considered domestic animals for the purposes of this article. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 2422
• Domestic corporation: means a corporation organized under the laws of the state; and

  8. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 11-601

• Domestic corporation: shall mean any corporation organized under the laws of this state or under the laws of this state and one or more other states or foreign countries, but shall not mean a banking organization as defined in this chapter. See N.Y. Penal Law 240.60
• Donee: The recipient of a gift.
• Dormitory facilities revenue fund: means the fund established pursuant to section sixteen hundred eighty-q of the public authorities law. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-2007
• Dormitory facilities revenues: means all moneys, including rents, fees and charges, derived from the use or occupancy of dormitory facilities. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-2007
• Dormitory facility: means a dormitory, as such term is defined in paragraph (a) of subdivision two of section sixteen hundred seventy-six of the public authorities law. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-2007
• Drug: means any article intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment or prevention of disease in animals other than man and articles other than feed intended to affect the structure or any function of the animal body. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-AA*3
• ear tag: means a unique, tamper-resistant device which, when affixed to the ears of cattle, deer, swine or camelid, identifies and distinguishes such animals. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1824
• Eavesdropping: means "wiretapping" "mechanical overhearing of conversation" or the "intercepting or accessing of an electronic communication" as those terms are defined in section 250. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-687
• Eavesdropping: means "wiretapping" "mechanical overhearing of a conversation" or "intercepting or accessing of an electronic communication" as those terms are defined in section 250. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-709
• Eavesdropping warrant: means an order of a justice authorizing or approving eavesdropping. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-687
• education department optional retirement program: means the retirement program established pursuant to part V of this article. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-765
• Education loan: shall mean any loan that is made under this program to finance or refinance higher education expenses at an eligible college. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-902
• educational facilities: shall mean land and the improvements thereon for use in connection with any educational activity to be undertaken or provided by the city board or any community council or any facility attendant thereto or any facility necessary, useful or desirable in connection with such activity. See N.Y. Penal Law 178.25
• Educational loan: shall mean any loan that is made, insured, or guaranteed under Part B of Title IV of the Federal Higher Education Act of nineteen hundred sixty-five, as amended, any high risk loan or any private loan issued by a lending institution for the purposes of paying for or financing higher education expenses. See N.Y. Penal Law 60.21
• electing employee: shall mean any eligible employee who exercises his election pursuant to this article to come under the optional retirement program. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.10
• electing employee: means any eligible employee who exercises his election pursuant to this part V of this article to participate in the education department optional retirement program. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-765
• Electronic dart gun: means any device designed primarily as a weapon, the purpose of which is to momentarily stun, knock out or paralyze a person by passing an electrical shock to such person by means of a dart or projectile. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• Electronic stun gun: means any device designed primarily as a weapon, the purpose of which is to stun, cause mental disorientation, knock out or paralyze a person by passing a high voltage electrical shock to such person. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• Eligible business facility: shall mean any type of business facility to be used or occupied by any person in an enterprise deemed to offer a reasonable likelihood for promoting the creation or retention of job opportunities in the state, and includes, but is not limited to, industrial or manufacturing plants, facilities for research and development purposes, facilities for conducting wholesale, receiving and distributing operations, facilities for conducting office operations, warehousing operations, or any other operation dealing in the exchange of goods, wares, services or other types of property of any type or description. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1801
• Eligible co-signer: shall mean a parent, legal guardian or otherwise credit worthy individual over twenty-one years of age who satisfies applicable credit criteria approved by the corporation and is a resident of New York state. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-902
• Eligible college: shall mean a post-secondary institution, located within New York state, eligible for funds under Title IV of the Higher Education Act of nineteen hundred sixty-five, as amended, or successor statute offering a two-year, four-year, graduate or professional degree granting or certificate program. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-902
• Eligible educational institution: shall mean any institution of higher education defined as an eligible educational institution in section 529(e)(5) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. See N.Y. Penal Law 70.02
• eligible employee: means each employee of the education department who occupies a position which is designated by the commissioner as requiring the rendering of professional services within the field of supervision of higher education, and who, at the time of his initial employment with the department or within one year prior thereto, owns or owned a contract which may legally be continued pursuant to this part. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-765
• eligible employees: means members of the instructional staffs of the colleges administered by the board of higher education in the city of New York pursuant to the provisions of article one hundred twenty-five of the education law, who are employed in the following titles: president, dean, director, professor, associate professor, assistant professor, instructor, tutor, fellow, lecturer, librarian, associate librarian, assistant librarian, library assistant, registrar, assistant registrar, registrar's assistant, principal, first assistant, supervisor, assistant teacher, critic teacher, teacher, college science assistant, college science technician, college engineering technician, and any other members of the instructional staffs of such colleges as defined in section sixty-two hundred six, subdivision 1b of the education law, and such other titles as the board in its discretion may add thereto, by reason of their close relationship to the educational purposes required to carry on the functions of the city university. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.10
• Eligible youth: means a youth who is eligible to be found a youthful offender. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-722
• Embezzlement: In most states, embezzlement is defined as theft/larceny of assets (money or property) by a person in a position of trust or responsibility over those assets. Embezzlement typically occurs in the employment and corporate settings. ^{Source: OCC}
• Employer: shall mean the state of New York, the city, the village, school district board or trustee, or other agency of and within the state by which a teacher is paid. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-2117
• entire board: means the total number of directors which a corporation would have if there were no vacancies. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-790
• Escheat: Reversion of real or personal property to the state when 1) a person dies without leaving a will and has no heirs, or 2) when the property (such as a bank account) has been inactive for a certain period of time. ^{Source: OCC}
• Examination report: means a report made by a psychiatric examiner wherein he sets forth his opinion as to whether the defendant is or is not an incapacitated person, the nature and extent of his examination and, if he finds that the defendant is an incapacitated person, his diagnosis and prognosis and a detailed statement of the reasons for his opinion by making particular reference to those aspects of the proceedings wherein the defendant lacks capacity to understand or to assist in his own defense. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-740
• Executive session: A portion of the Senate's daily session in which it considers executive business.
• Executor: A male person named in a will to carry out the decedent
• Exigent circumstances: means conditions requiring the preservation of secrecy, and whereby there is a reasonable likelihood that a continuing investigation would be thwarted by alerting any of the

  persons subject to surveillance to the fact that such surveillance had occurred. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-687

• Extradition: The formal process of delivering an accused or convicted person from authorities in one state to authorities in another state.
• Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.
• family tuition account: shall mean an individual savings account established in accordance with the provisions of this article. See N.Y. Penal Law 70.02
• Farm dressed meat: means meat from animals slaughtered by a bona fide farmer who, as an incident of such farm operation, slaughters his own domestic animals on his own premises exclusively for use, in his household, by him and members of his household and his non-paying guests and employees. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1835-D
• Farm products: means any agricultural, dairy or horticultural product or any product designed or intended for human consumption or prepared principally from an agricultural, dairy or horticultural product. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1801
• Federal agency: shall mean the United States of America, and any officer, department, board, commissioner, bureau, division, corporation, agency or instrumentality thereof. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1801
• Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation: A government corporation that insures the deposits of all national and state banks that are members of the Federal Reserve System. ^{Source: OCC}
• Federal inspection: means the meat inspection maintained by the United States department of agriculture. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1835-D
• Federal inspection: means the poultry and poultry products inspection maintained by the United States department of agriculture. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 2406
• Federal Reserve System: The central bank of the United States. The Fed, as it is commonly called, regulates the U.S. monetary and financial system. The Federal Reserve System is composed of a central governmental agency in Washington, D.C. (the Board of Governors) and twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks in major cities throughout the United States. ^{Source: OCC}
• Fee simple: Absolute title to property with no limitations or restrictions regarding the person who may inherit it.
• Feed: means all edible materials which are consumed by animals and contribute energy or nutrients to the animal's diet. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-AA*3
• Feed ingredient: means each of the constitutent materials making up a commercial feed. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-AA*3
• Felony: as used in this article means any felony defined in the laws of this state or any offense defined in the laws of any other jurisdiction for which a sentence to a term of imprisonment in excess of one year is authorized in this state. See N.Y. Penal Law 156.00
• Fiduciary: shall mean any individual or any domestic or foreign corporation holding a security for a resident or receiving, as agent of a corporation or as holder of a security, any amount due or to become due a resident as the holder or owner of a security but shall not mean any individual or corporation so acting by direction of a court in any case where such court has not directed a distribution of such amount or security. See N.Y. Penal Law 240.60
• Final average salary: shall mean the average annual compensation earnable as a teacher during the five years of service immediately preceding his date of retirement, or it shall mean the average annual compensation earnable as a teacher during any five consecutive years of state service, said five years to be selected by the applicant prior to date of retirement. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-2117
• Financial organization: shall mean an organization authorized to do business in the state of New York and (a) which is an authorized fiduciary to act as a trustee pursuant to the provisions of an act of congress entitled "Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974" as such provisions may be amended from time to time, or an insurance company; and (b)(i) is licensed or chartered by the department of financial services, (ii) is chartered by an agency of the federal government, (iii) is subject to the jurisdiction and regulation of the securities and exchange commission of the federal government, or (iv) is any other entity otherwise authorized to act in this state as a trustee pursuant to the provisions of an act of congress entitled "Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974" as such provisions may be amended from time to time. See N.Y. Penal Law 70.02
• fire retired employee: shall mean any person who was retired for service on or after April eighth, nineteen hundred sixty and prior to May first, nineteen hundred and sixty-three, or retired for disability on or after April eighth, nineteen hundred sixty and prior to May first, nineteen hundred sixty-four and receives, as a result of such retirement, a retirement allowance or pension from a retirement or pension system or plan of the city for members of the uniformed force of the fire department. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 13-671
• Firearm: means (a) any pistol or revolver; or (b) a shotgun having one or more barrels less than eighteen inches in length; or (c) a rifle having one or more barrels less than sixteen inches in length; or (d) any weapon made from a shotgun or rifle whether by alteration, modification, or otherwise if such weapon as altered, modified, or otherwise has an overall length of less than twenty-six inches; or (e) an assault weapon. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• Firearm silencer: means any instrument, attachment, weapon or appliance for causing the firing of any gun, revolver, pistol or other firearms to be silent, or intended to lessen or muffle the noise of the firing of any gun, revolver, pistol or other firearms. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• Firm: means a domestic or foreign entity organized as a sole proprietorship, a professional service corporation, a partnership, a professional service limited liability company, a foreign professional service limited liability company, a registered limited liability partnership, a foreign registered limited liability partnership, or any other form of organization that is established for the business purpose of lawfully engaging in the practice of public accountancy. See N.Y. Tax Law 1210-A
• Fixed Rate: Having a "fixed" rate means that the APR doesn't change based on fluctuations of some external rate (such as the "Prime Rate"). In other words, a fixed rate is a rate that is not a variable rate. A fixed APR can change over time, in several circumstances:
  • You are late making a payment or commit some other default, triggering an increase to a penalty rate
  • The bank changes the terms of your account and you do not reject the change.
  • The rate expires (if the rate was fixed for only a certain period of time).
• flower seeds: includes seeds of herbaceous plants grown for their blooms, ornamental foliage, or other ornamental parts and commonly known and sold under the name of flower seeds in this state. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-E
• Forbearance: A means of handling a delinquent loan. A
• Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. ^{Source: OCC}
• Foreign corporation: means a corporation which is licensed by the superintendent under the provisions of article two of this chapter to do business in this state or is applying for such license and a corporation authorized to conduct business in this state pursuant to article five-C of this chapter or is applying for such authorization. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-728
• Foreign corporation: shall mean any corporation organized under the laws of a state other than New York or under the laws of a foreign country and doing business in this state or authorized to do business in this state, but shall not mean a banking organization as defined in this chapter. See N.Y. Penal Law 240.60
• foreign dairy product: means any dairy product produced, processed or manufactured outside the United States. See N.Y. Penal Law 496.07
• Forgery: The fraudulent signing or alteration of another's name to an instrument such as a deed, mortgage, or check. The intent of the forgery is to deceive or defraud. ^{Source: OCC}
• Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
• Game or wild game: means any deer or big game, or portions thereof, as defined in section 11-0103 of the environmental conservation law, taken by lawful hunting. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1801
• Garden: shall mean a piece or parcel of land appropriate for the cultivation of herbs, fruits, flowers, nuts, honey, poultry for egg production, maple syrup, ornamental or vegetable plants, nursery products, or vegetables. See N.Y. Penal Law 400.01
• Garnishment: Generally, garnishment is a court proceeding in which a creditor asks a court to order a third party who owes money to the debtor or otherwise holds assets belonging to the debtor to turn over to the creditor any of the debtor
• Gift: shall mean any discount, favor, gratuity, inducement, loan, stock, thing of value, or other item having more than nominal value. See N.Y. Penal Law 60.21
• gifted pupils: shall mean those pupils who show evidence of high performance capability and exceptional potential in areas such as general intellectual ability, special academic aptitude and outstanding ability in visual and performing arts. See N.Y. Penal Law 230.33
• Governing body: means the town board, village board of trustees, city council, county legislature or board of supervisors, board of education or board of trustees of a school district or board of cooperative educational services, board of fire commissioners or other body authorized by law to govern the affairs of a local government. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-685
• Grace period: The number of days you'll have to pay your bill for purchases in full without triggering a finance charge. ^{Source: Federal Reserve}
• grade: shall mean the percentages of total nitrogen, available phosphoric acid and soluble potash stated in the order and form required in the guaranteed analysis. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-L*4
• Grand jury: agreement providing that a lender will delay exercising its rights (in the case of a mortgage,
• Gravity knife: means any knife which has a blade which is released from the handle or sheath thereof by the force of gravity or the application of centrifugal force which, when released, is locked in place by means of a button, spring, lever or other device. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• guaranteed analysis: shall mean a statement of the minimum percentage of plant nutrients claimed expressed in the order and form provided in section one hundred forty-four hereof. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-L*4
• Guarantor: A party who agrees to be responsible for the payment of another party's debts should that party default. ^{Source: OCC}
• Guide dog: means any dog that is trained to aid a person who is blind and is actually used for such purpose, or any dog during the period such dog is being trained or bred for such purpose. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 2422
• Gunsmith: means any person, firm, partnership, corporation or company who engages in the business of repairing, altering, assembling, manufacturing, cleaning, polishing, engraving or trueing, or who performs any mechanical operation on, any firearm, large capacity ammunition feeding device or machine-gun. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• Habeas corpus: A writ that is usually used to bring a prisoner before the court to determine the legality of his imprisonment. It may also be used to bring a person in custody before the court to give testimony, or to be prosecuted.
• Handicapped person: means any person who in the judgment of the department is under a physical or mental disability which constitutes a substantial handicap to employment but which is of such a nature that vocational rehabilitation services may reasonably be expected to render him fit to engage in gainful employment, and also any person under a physical or mental disability which constitutes a substantial handicap to employment and for whom vocational rehabilitation services are necessary to ascertain his rehabilitation potential. See N.Y. Penal Law 120.55
• health professionals: means persons duly licensed or otherwise authorized to practice a health profession pursuant to applicable law, including, but not limited to, physicians, registered professional nurses, nurse practitioners, physicians assistants, optometrists, dentists, dental hygienists, dietitians and nutritionists, and audiologists. See N.Y. Penal Law 115.20
• Hearing dog: means any dog that is trained to aid a person with a hearing impairment and is actually used for such purpose, or any dog during the period such dog is being trained or bred for such purpose. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 2422
• Hearsay: Statements by a witness who did not see or hear the incident in question but heard about it from someone else. Hearsay is usually not admissible as evidence in court.
• High risk loans: shall mean any agreement between a lending institution and a covered institution that provides for the lending institution to provide loans to students with a poor or no credit history, who would otherwise not be eligible for educational loans. See N.Y. Penal Law 60.21
• Higher education expenses: shall mean the cost of attendance at an eligible college and shall include tuition and fees, books, room and board, and other educationally related expenses, as determined by the corporation. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-902
• Higher education expenses: shall include the following:

  a. See N.Y. Penal Law 60.21

• Holder: shall mean , with respect to an education loan: (i) a lender; (ii) a public benefit corporation authorized to finance the purchase or making of education loans pursuant to the public authorities law; or (iii) any assignee of such lender or public benefit corporation. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-902
• horse: means the entire family of equidae. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1824
• hospital: means an institution or facility possessing a valid operating certificate issued pursuant to article twenty-eight of the public health law and authorized to employ physician assistants in accordance with rules and regulations of the public health and health planning council. See N.Y. Penal Law 480.25
• hospital: means an institution or facility possessing a valid operating certificate issued pursuant to article twenty-eight of the public health law and authorized to employ specialist assistants in accordance with rules and regulations of the public health and health planning council. See N.Y. Penal Law 490.01
• hybrid: means the first generation of a cross produced under controlled pollination. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-E
• Identification tag: means a tag issued by the licensing municipality which sets forth an identification number, together with the name of the municipality, the state of New York, contact information, including telephone number, for the municipality and such other information as the licensing municipality deems appropriate. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 2422
• Identified dog: means any dog carrying an identification tag as provided in section one hundred eleven of this article. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 2422
• Incapacitated person: means a defendant who as a result of mental disease or defect lacks capacity to understand the proceedings against him or to assist in his own defense. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-740
• Indictment: The formal charge issued by a grand jury stating that there is enough evidence that the defendant committed the crime to justify having a trial; it is used primarily for felonies.
• Individuals with severe disabilities: means persons for whom competitive employment has either not traditionally occurred or has been interrupted or intermittent as a result of having a permanent and substantially disabling physical, sensory, or mental condition. See N.Y. Penal Law 120.55
• Inedible meat: means meat and meat products derived from dead, dying, disabled, diseased or condemned animals, and meat or meat products, regardless of origin, which are adulterated within the meaning of section two hundred of this chapter. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1837-C
• Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
• Inspection legend: means a mark or a statement authorized by the provisions of the federal law, on a carcass, meat, meat by-product, or meat food product indicating the product has been inspected and passed. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1835-D
• Institution: shall mean any college or university chartered by the regents or incorporated by special act of the legislature that maintains a campus in New York. See N.Y. Penal Law 415.00
• Institution of higher education: means any institution of higher education, recognized and approved by the regents of the university of the state of New York, which provides a course of study leading to the granting of a post-secondary degree or diploma. See N.Y. Penal Law 70.45
• insurer: shall mean a life insurance corporation, or other corporation subject to supervision by the department of financial services of the state of New York. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.10
• insurer: means a life insurance corporation, or other corporation, subject to department of financial services supervision. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-765
• Intangible property: Property that has no intrinsic value, but is merely the evidence of value such as stock certificates, bonds, and promissory notes.
• Intercepted communication: means (a) a telephonic or telegraphic communication which was intentionally overheard or recorded by a person other than the sender or receiver thereof, without the consent of the sender or receiver, by means of any instrument, device or equipment, or (b) a conversation or discussion which was intentionally overheard or recorded, without the consent of at least one party thereto, by a person not present thereat, by means of any instrument, device or equipment; or (c) an electronic communication which was intentionally intercepted or accessed, as that term is defined in section 250. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-687
• Interrogatories: Written questions asked by one party of an opposing party, who must answer them in writing under oath; a discovery device in a lawsuit.
• Intestate: Dying without leaving a will.
• Joint committee: Committees including membership from both houses of teh legislature. Joint committees are usually established with narrow jurisdictions and normally lack authority to report legislation.
• Joint meeting: An occasion, often ceremonial, when the House and Senate each adopt a unanimous consent agreement
• Joint session: When both chambers of a legislature adopt a concurrent resolution to meet together.
• Judge: shall mean a judge of the family court of any county in the state. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-943
• Judgement: The official decision of a court finally determining the respective rights and claims of the parties to a suit.
• Jurisprudence: The study of law and the structure of the legal system.
• Juror: A person who is on the jury.
• Justice: except as otherwise provided herein, means any justice of an appellate division of the judicial department in which the eavesdropping warrant is to be executed, or any justice of the supreme court of the judicial district in which the eavesdropping warrant is to be executed, or any county court judge of the county in which the eavesdropping warrant is to be executed. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-687
• Justice: means justice as defined in subdivision four of section 700. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-701
• kind: means one or more related species or subspecies which singly or collectively is known by one common name, for example, corn, oats, alfalfa, and timothy. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-E
• Kung Fu star: means a disc-like object with sharpened points on the circumference thereof and is designed for use primarily as a weapon to be thrown. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• Label: means a display of written, printed or graphic matter upon or affixed to the container in which a commercial feed is distributed, or on the invoice or delivery slip with which a commercial feed is distributed. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-AA*3
• label: means the display of all written, printed or graphic matter upon the immediate container or statement accompanying a commercial fertilizer. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-L*4
• Labeling: means any and all labels and other written, printed or graphic matter (a) upon a commercial feed or any of its containers or wrappers or (b) accompanying such commercial feed. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-AA*3
• labeling: refers to statements written or imprinted on the seed container itself or on a tag or label securely attached to it as specified in the label requirements of this law. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-E
• labelling: means all written, printed or graphic matter, upon or accompanying any commercial fertilizer, or advertisements, brochures, posters, television and radio announcements used in promoting the sale of such commercial fertilizers. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-L*4
• labor official: means any duly appointed representative of a labor organization or any duly appointed trustee or representative of an employee welfare trust fund. See N.Y. Penal Law 180.10
• Large capacity ammunition feeding device: means a magazine, belt, drum, feed strip, or similar device, that (a) has a capacity of, or that can be readily restored or converted to accept, more than ten rounds of ammunition, or * (b) contains more than seven rounds of ammunition, or (c) is obtained after the effective date of the chapter of the laws of two thousand thirteen which amended this subdivision and has a capacity of, or that can be readily restored or converted to accept, more than seven rounds of ammunition

  * NB Suspended and NOT Effective per ch 1/2013 § 58, as amended by ch 57/2013 Pt. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00

• Law enforcement agency: means any agency which is empowered by law to conduct an investigation or to make an arrest for a felony, and any agency which is authorized by law to prosecute or participate in the prosecution of a felony. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-701
• Law enforcement officer: means any public servant who is empowered by law to conduct an investigation of or to make an arrest for a designated offense, and any attorney authorized by law to prosecute or participate in the prosecution of a designated offense. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-687
• Lawful custody: shall mean a custody (a) specifically authorized by statute or (b) pursuant to judgment, decree or order of a court or (c) otherwise authorized by law. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-943
• lawful rental and other lawful charges: means registered, reported or contracted for rent pursuant to chapter four hundred three of the laws of nineteen hundred eighty-three, article two of the private housing finance law or section eight of the federal housing act of nineteen hundred sixty-eight, or, rent contained in a court approved stipulation of settlement, even if such rent or charges are subsequently decreased by order of the department of housing and community renewal or a court of competent jurisdiction. See N.Y. Penal Law 180.54
• lawyer: shall mean an attorney or counselor governed by article fifteen of the judiciary law, who receives remuneration or other compensation from a school district or board of cooperative educational services in exchange for legal services provided to such district or board. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-965
• Legacy: A gift of property made by will.
• Legal tender: coins, dollar bills, or other currency issued by a government as official money. ^{Source: U.S. Mint}
• Lend: shall include one or more of the following services: the origination, disbursement, servicing, and/or collection of any student or parent education loan made by or on behalf of a lending institution a government entity, or an institution of higher education for the purpose of paying for higher education expenses as well as serving as a secondary market for these loans. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-881
• lender: shall mean any entity that itself or through an affiliate originates education loans, other than an entity authorized to finance the purchase or making of education loans through the issuance of bonds pursuant to the public authorities law. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-902
• Lending institution: shall mean :

  a. See N.Y. Penal Law 60.21

• Licensee: means any person who has licensed a commercial feed manufacturing facility pursuant to section one hundred twenty-eight-a of this article. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-AA*3
• licensee: shall mean a person whose license, pursuant to section one hundred forty-six hereof, has been issued by the commissioner and is still in effect. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-L*4
• Licensing officer: means in the city of New York the police commissioner of that city; in the county of Nassau the commissioner of police of that county; in the county of Suffolk the sheriff of that county except in the towns of Babylon, Brookhaven, Huntington, Islip and Smithtown, the commissioner of police of that county; for the purposes of section 400. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• Lineal descendant: Direct descendant of the same ancestors.
• Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
• Loaded firearm: means any firearm loaded with ammunition or any firearm which is possessed by one who, at the same time, possesses a quantity of ammunition which may be used to discharge such firearm. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• Loan: shall mean (i) a mortgage loan evidenced by a bond, note or other obligation of a local development corporation secured by a mortgage on a project, defined in subdivision fourteen (i) and (ii) of this section, made by a local development corporation, a project occupant or other person, firm or corporation; (ii) a loan evidenced by a bond, note or other obligation of a local development corporation, a project occupant, or other person, firm or corporation secured by a loan agreement, contract or such other instrument deemed necessary or

  convenient on a project defined in subdivision fourteen (iii) of this section; (iii) a loan evidenced by a bond, note or other obligation of a local development corporation, a project occupant, or other person, firm or corporation secured by a security interest in machinery and equipment as provided in section eighteen hundred fourteen; and (iv) an employee ownership assistance loan made pursuant to paragraph (v) of subdivision fourteen of this section. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1801

• Loan guarantee: shall mean the guaranteeing by the authority of a loan made by a banking organization on a project as defined in subdivision fourteen of this section. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1801
• Local development corporation: shall mean a non-profit corporation incorporated or reincorporated under the laws of this state, regardless of its particular name, which shall meet the additional requirements of section eighteen hundred twenty-five of this title. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1801
• Local government: means any county, city, town, village, school district, board of cooperative educational services, district corporation, public benefit corporation, public corporation, or other government created under state law that is not a state department, division, board, bureau, commission or other agency, heretofore or hereafter established by law. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-685
• Local officer: shall mean and include a local officer as defined in section two of the public officers law and any officer of a public benefit corporation. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-685
• lot: means a definite quantity of seed which is identified by a lot number or other mark, and which has been so handled that each portion or container is representative of the whole quantity. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-E
• Machine-gun: means a weapon of any description, irrespective of size, by whatever name known, loaded or unloaded, from which a number of shots or bullets may be rapidly or automatically discharged from a magazine with one continuous pull of the trigger and includes a sub-machine gun. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• Maintenance: shall mean the amount charged for room and board, residential care and medical expenses, including those expenses reimbursable pursuant to title nineteen of the federal social security act, defined in accordance with the regulations of the commissioner of social services for a child care institution pursuant to section three hundred ninety-eight-a of the social services law. See N.Y. Penal Law 220.06
• Management contract: shall mean the contract executed by the comptroller and a financial organization selected to act as a depository and manager of the program. See N.Y. Penal Law 70.02
• Manufacture: means to grind, mix or blend, or further process a commercial feed for distribution. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-AA*3
• Manufacturing plant: shall include a plant used in connection with making, creating,

  working,

  preparing,

  processing,

  milling, manufacturing, finishing, fashioning, fabricating, or producing in any manner, goods, wares, merchandise, metals, fabrics, materials, products or substances of any kind or nature. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1801

• Material support or resources: means currency or other financial securities, financial services, lodging, training, safehouses, false documentation or identification, communications equipment, facilities, weapons, lethal substances, explosives, personnel, transportation, and other physical assets, except medicine or religious materials. See N.Y. Penal Law 490.05
• Meat: means the edible part of the muscle of cattle, swine, sheep, goats, horses and other large domesticated animals which is skeletal or which is found in the tongue, in the diaphragm, in the heart or in the esophagus, with or without the accompanying or overlying fat, and the portions of bone, skin, nerve and blood vessels which normally accompany the muscle tissue and which are not separated from it in the process of dressing. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1835-D
• Meat: means the entire bodies, carcasses or portions thereof of animals or birds. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1837-C
• Meat by-product: means any edible part other than meat which has been derived from cattle, swine, sheep, goats, horses and other large domesticated animals. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1835-D
• Meat food product: means any product capable of use as human food which is made wholly or in part from any meat or other portion of the carcass of any animal, excepting products which contain meat or other portions of such carcasses only in a relatively small proportion or historically have not been considered by consumers as products of the meat food industry, and which are exempted from definition as a meat food product by the commissioner under such conditions as he may prescribe to assure that the meat or other portions of such carcasses contained in such product are not adulterated and that such products are not represented as meat food products. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1835-D
• Meat label: means a display of written, printed, or graphic matter authorized by the provisions of the federal law on a container indicating the meat, meat by-products, or meat food products contained therein have been inspected and passed. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1835-D
• Metal knuckle knife: means a weapon that, when closed, cannot function as a set of plastic knuckles or metal knuckles, nor as a knife and when open, can function as both a set of plastic knuckles or metal knuckles as well as a knife. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• mortgage: shall include housing loans as defined below. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 2402
• Mortgage loan: A loan made by a lender to a borrower for the financing of real property. ^{Source: OCC}
• Mortgagee: The person to whom property is mortgaged and who has loaned the money.
• Mortgagor: The person who pledges property to a creditor as collateral for a loan and who receives the money.
• Motor vehicle: includes every vehicle operated or driven upon a public highway which is propelled by any power other than muscular power, except (a) electrically-driven invalid chairs being operated or driven by an invalid, (b) vehicles which run only upon rails or tracks, and (c) snowmobiles as defined in article forty-seven of the vehicle and traffic law. See N.Y. Penal Law 150.00
• Municipality: means any county, town, city and village. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 2422
• Municipality: shall mean any county, town, village, city, school district, board of cooperative educational services, other special district, or any office or agency thereof. See N.Y. Penal Law 400.01
• Municipality: shall mean any county, city, town or village in the state. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1801
• National Bank: A bank that is subject to the supervision of the Comptroller of the Currency. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency is a bureau of the U.S. Treasury Department. A national bank can be recognized because it must have "national" or "national association" in its name. ^{Source: OCC}
• New entrant: shall mean any teacher who is a member of the retirement system except a present teacher. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-2117
• nineteen hundred eighty unfunded accrued liability adjustment: when used in relation to the New York city employees' retirement system, shall mean the total amount which is determined pursuant to the provisions of items (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) and (v) of subparagraph (c) of paragraph (3) of subdivision b of section 13-127 of the administrative code of the city of New York to be the amount to be paid as a charge or applied as a credit, as the case may be, pursuant to the provisions of subparagraph (b) of paragraph (1) of such subdivision b, with respect to employer contributions to such retirement system for any fiscal year of the city preceding July first, nineteen hundred ninety. See N.Y. Penal Law 260.05
• nineteen hundred eighty-two unfunded accrued liability adjustment: when used in relation to the New York city employees' retirement system, shall mean the total amount which is determined pursuant to the provisions of item (vi) of subparagraph (c) of paragraph three of subdivision b of section 13-127 of the administrative code of the city of New York to be the amount to be applied as a credit pursuant to the provisions of subparagraph (b) of paragraph (1) of such subdivision b, with respect to employer contributions to such retirement system for any fiscal year of the city preceding July first, nineteen hundred ninety. See N.Y. Penal Law 260.05
• No true bill: A legal procedure to dismiss charges against a defendant when the grand jury does not find enough evidence to charge the defendant with violating a law. Also called a "no bill."
• Nolo contendere: No contest-has the same effect as a plea of guilty, as far as the criminal sentence is concerned, but may not be considered as an admission of guilt for any other purpose.
• Nonpublic school: means any nonprofit elementary or secondary school in the State of New York, other than a public school, which (i) is providing instruction in accordance with article seventeen and section thirty-two hundred four of this chapter, (ii) has not been found to be in violation of Title VI Civil Rights Act of 1964, 78 Stat. See N.Y. Penal Law 55.10
• Nonqualified withdrawal: shall mean a withdrawal from an account but shall not mean:

  a. See N.Y. Penal Law 70.02

• noxious weed seeds: includes seeds of bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis), quackgrass (Elytrigia repens), Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense), bedstraw (Galium spp. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-E
• NYCERS nineteen hundred eighty-five unfunded accrued liability adjustment attributable to the senior colleges: shall mean the total amount which is determined pursuant to the provisions of sub-items (H), (I), (J) and (J-1) of item (vii) of subparagraph (c) of paragraph three of subdivision b of section 13-127 of the administrative code of the city of New York to be the amount to be applied as a credit in favor of the city of New York and the state of New York with respect to their required contributions to the contingent reserve fund of the New York city employees' retirement system for any fiscal year of the city preceding July first, nineteen hundred ninety. See N.Y. Penal Law 260.05
• NYCTRS nineteen hundred eighty-five unfunded accrued liability adjustment: shall mean the total amount which is determined pursuant to the provisions of paragraph ten of subdivision e of section 13-527 of the administrative code of the city of New York to be the amount to be applied as a credit, pursuant to the provisions of subparagraph c-1 of paragraph two of subdivision a of such section 13-527, with respect to employer contributions to the New York city teachers' retirement system for fiscal years of the city preceding July first, nineteen hundred ninety. See N.Y. Penal Law 260.05
• NYCTRS nineteen hundred eighty-six unfunded accrued liability adjustment: shall mean the total amount which is determined pursuant to the provisions of paragraph eleven of subdivision e of section 13-527 of the administrative code of the city of New York to be the amount to be applied as a credit, pursuant to the provisions of subparagraph c-2 of paragraph two of subdivision a of such section 13-527, with respect to employer contributions to the New York city teachers' retirement system for fiscal years of the city preceding July first, nineteen hundred ninety. See N.Y. Penal Law 260.05
• Obscene sexual performance: means any performance which, for purposes of section 263. See N.Y. Penal Law 263.00
• Office: means in the case of a bank or trust company its principal office, in the case of a safe deposit company, investment company or mutual trust investment company, its principal place of business and in the case of a foreign corporation the place of business designated in its license or its authorization pursuant to article five-C of this chapter, as the case may be, for the oldest agency or branch in this state of such foreign corporation. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-728
• Office: shall mean the office of community gardens. See N.Y. Penal Law 400.01
• official backtag: means a unique device which, when affixed to cattle, deer, swine or camelid, identifies and distinguishes such animals. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1824
• Official sample: means a sample of feed taken by the commissioner or his authorized agent in accordance with the provisions of section one hundred thirty-five-a of this article. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-AA*3
• official sample: means any sample of commercial fertilizer taken by the commissioner or his agent in accordance with section one hundred forty-six-a hereof and designated as "official" by the commissioner. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-L*4
• Officially recognized: means recognized and designated by the laws or regulations of any state, the United States, any province of Canada, or the government of any foreign country wherein said seeds were produced, except that if said seeds are produced in New York state, section one hundred forty-one shall govern. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-E
• online education marketplace: shall mean a website or other internet-based online technology tool with which a licensed private career school or certified ESL school contracts for marketing or advertising services, or services in connection with the collection of tuition and/or fees, to the extent authorized in subdivision three of section five thousand four of this article. See N.Y. Penal Law 240.65
• optional retirement program: means the retirement program established pursuant to this article. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.10
• Oral argument: An opportunity for lawyers to summarize their position before the court and also to answer the judges' questions.
• Order of examination: means an order issued to an appropriate director by a criminal court wherein a criminal action is pending against a defendant or by a court evaluating the capacity of an alleged violator in a parole revocation proceeding pursuant to subparagraph (xii) of paragraph (f) of subdivision three of section two hundred fifty-nine-i of the executive law, or by a family court pursuant to section 322. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-740
• Organization certificate: includes (a) the original organization certificate or any other instrument filed or issued under any statute to form a corporation or foreign corporation, as amended, supplemented or restated by certificates of amendment, merger or consolidation or other certificates or instruments filed or issued under any statute; or (b) a special act or charter creating a corporation or foreign corporation, as amended, supplemented or restated by special acts or by certificates of amendment, merger or consolidation or other certificates or instruments filed or issued under any statute. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-728
• Oversight: Committee review of the activities of a Federal agency or program.
• Owner: means any person who harbors or keeps any dog. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 2422
• Owner: shall mean an owner, lessor, sublessor, assignee, net lessee, or a proprietary lessee of a housing accommodation in a structure or premises owned by a cooperative corporation or association, or an owner of a condominium unit or the sponsor of such cooperative corporation or association or condominium development, or any other person or entity receiving or entitled to receive rent for the use or occupation of any housing accommodation, or an agent of or any person acting on behalf of any of the foregoing. See N.Y. Penal Law 241.00
• owner: shall be deemed to include, in addition to those mentioned hereinabove, all the officers, directors and persons having an interest in more than ten per cent of the issued and outstanding stock of the owner as herein defined, as holder or beneficial owner thereof, if such owner be a corporation other than a banking organization as defined in section two of the banking law, a national banking association, a federal savings and loan association, the mortgage facilities corporation, savings banks life insurance fund, the savings banks retirement system, an authorized insurer as defined in section one hundred seven of the insurance law, or a trust company or other corporation organized under the laws of this state all the capital stock of which is owned by at least twenty savings banks or by at least twenty savings and loan associations or a subsidiary corporation all of the capital stock of which is owned by such trust company or other corporation. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-2004
• Owner of record: means the person in whose name any dog was last licensed pursuant to this article, except that if any license is issued on application of a person under eighteen years of age, the owner of record shall be deemed to be the parent or guardian of such person. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 2422
• packaged foreign dairy product: means a foreign dairy product which is enclosed in a container or wrapper (including a shipping container or wrapping used for the transportation of such product in bulk or quantity to manufacturers, packers, processors, or to wholesale or retail distributors) or which although not so enclosed has written, printed, or graphic matter pertaining to such foreign dairy product affixed or attached. See N.Y. Penal Law 496.07
• Parent: means a legal resident of the state of New York with a New York taxable income of under five thousand dollars who is a parent, stepparent, adoptive parent and the spouse of an adoptive parent of a pupil enrolled in a nonpublic school, or a resident with such taxable income standing in loco parentis to such pupil. See N.Y. Penal Law 55.10
• parent: shall mean a person in parental relation to a child, as that phrase is defined in subdivision ten of section two of this chapter. See N.Y. Penal Law 178.25
• Pari-mutuel horse race: means any horse race upon which betting is conducted under the provisions of the pari-mutuel revenue law as set forth in chapter 254 of the laws of 1940. See N.Y. Penal Law 180.35
• Part: means each portion of a test for which a score is calculated. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-998
• Pen register: means a device which records or decodes electronic or other impulses which identify the numbers dialed or otherwise transmitted on the telephone line to which such device is attached, but such term does not include any device used by a provider or customer of a wire or electronic communication service for billing, or recording as an incident to billing, for communications services provided by such provider or any device used by a provider or customer of a wire communication service for cost accounting or other like purposes in the ordinary course of its business. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-701
• Pension: shall mean the annual payments for life derived from payments made by an employer as provided in this article. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-2117
• Pension reserve: shall mean the present value of all payments to be made on account of any pension, or benefit in lieu of any pension, computed upon the basis of such mortality tables as shall be adopted by the retirement board with regular interest. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-2117
• percentage: means the percentage by weight. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-L*4
• percentage of germination: means the percentage of seeds, other than hard seeds, which are capable of producing normal seedlings under favorable conditions. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-E
• percentage of hard seed: means the percentage of seeds which are incapable of sprouting promptly because their outer structures are impermeable to water. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-E
• Performance: means any play, motion picture, photograph or dance. See N.Y. Penal Law 263.00
• perfusion: means the provision of extracorporeal or intracorporeal patient care services to support or replace the circulatory or respiratory function of a patient, including the administration of pharmacological and therapeutic agents, and blood products, and the management, treatment and monitoring of the physiological status of a patient during the operation of extracorporeal circulation equipment or intracorporeal equipment that replaces or support circulatory or respiratory functions. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1811
• perfusionist: means a person who is licensed to practice perfusion pursuant to this article. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1811
• Person: means any person, firm, corporation, or association. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1835-D
• Person: means any person, firm, corporation, or association. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 2406
• Person: means any individual, corporation, partnership, association or other organized group of persons, municipality, or other legal entity. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 2422
• Person: means any person, firm, partnership, corporation or association. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-AA*3
• Person: means any natural person, partnership, corporation, company, trust, association or other entity, however organized. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-715
• person: shall include any individual, partnership, corporation, company, society, or association. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-E
• person: includes individual, partnership, association, firm or corporation. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-L*4
• Person: means any individual or entity. See N.Y. Penal Law 187.00
• person: shall be deemed to include, in addition to those mentioned hereinabove, all the officers, directors and persons having an interest in more than ten percent of the issued and outstanding stock of the owner as herein defined, as holder or beneficial owner thereof, if such person be a corporation other than a banking organization as defined in section two of the banking law, a national banking association, a federal savings and loan association, the mortgage facilities corporation, savings banks life insurance fund, the savings banks retirement system, an authorized insurer as defined in section one hundred seven of the insurance law, or a trust company or other corporation organized under the laws of this state all the capital stock of which is owned by at least twenty savings banks or by at least twenty savings and loan associations or a subsidiary corporation all of the capital stock of which is owned by such trust company or other corporation. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-2004
• person who is patronized: means the person with whom the defendant engaged in sexual conduct or was to have engaged in sexual conduct pursuant to the understanding, or the person who was solicited or requested by the defendant to engage in sexual conduct. See N.Y. Penal Law 230.02
• Person with a disability: means any person with a disability as that term is defined in subdivision twenty-one of section two hundred ninety-two of the executive law. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 2422
• Pet: means any domesticated animal normally maintained in or near the household(s) of the owner(s) thereof. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-AA*3
• Pet food: means any commercial feed prepared and distributed for consumption by pets. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-AA*3
• Petitioner: means a person who seeks enforcement of an order for return of a child under the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction or enforcement of a child custody determination. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-925
• Petty offense: A federal misdemeanor punishable by six months or less in prison. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
• Physical injury: means impairment of physical condition or substantial pain. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 2422
• physician: means a practitioner of medicine licensed to practice medicine pursuant to article one hundred thirty-one of this chapter. See N.Y. Penal Law 480.25
• physician: means a practitioner of medicine licensed to practice medicine pursuant to article one hundred thirty-one of this chapter. See N.Y. Penal Law 490.01
• physician assistant: means a person who is licensed as a physician assistant pursuant to this article. See N.Y. Penal Law 480.25
• Pilum ballistic knife: means any knife which has a blade which can be projected from the handle by hand pressure applied to a button, lever, spring or other device in the handle of the knife. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.
• Plant: shall mean real property, the buildings, improvements and structures thereon and the fixtures thereon other than machinery or equipment used by a project occupant in its operations. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1801
• Plea: In a criminal case, the defendant's statement pleading "guilty" or "not guilty" in answer to the charges, a declaration made in open court.
• Pleadings: Written statements of the parties in a civil case of their positions. In the federal courts, the principal pleadings are the complaint and the answer.
• police retired employee: shall mean any person who was retired for service on or after June fifth, nineteen hundred sixty and prior to May first, nineteen hundred sixty-three and receives, as a result of such retirement, a retirement allowance or pension from a retirement or pension system or plan of the city for members of the uniformed force of the police department. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 13-662
• Police work dog: means any dog owned or harbored by any state or municipal police department or any state or federal law enforcement agency, which has been trained to aid law enforcement officers and is actually being used for police work purposes. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 2422
• Pollution control facilities: shall mean real or personal property having to do with, or the end purpose of which, is the control, abatement or prevention of land, sewer, water, air, thermal, radiational, noise or general environmental pollution resulting from the operation of an industrial, manufacturing or research plant. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1801
• population: shall mean the number of people in the particular taxing jurisdiction as shown by the latest federal census. See N.Y. Tax Law 1215
• Potential testimony: means information or factual knowledge of a person who is or may be available as a witness. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-709
• Poultry: means any domesticated bird, whether live or dead. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 2406
• poultry: means a domesticated fowl including chickens, turkeys, waterfowl, guinea fowl and game birds commonly used for the production of meat and eggs. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1824
• poultry dealer: means any person who buys or sells poultry as a business enterprise. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1824
• Poultry product: means any poultry carcass, or part thereof; or any product which is made wholly or in part from any poultry carcass or part thereof, excepting products which contain poultry ingredients only in a relative small portion or historically have not been considered by consumers as products of the poultry food industry, and which are exempted by the commissioner from definition as a poultry product under such conditions as the commissioner may prescribe to assure that the poultry ingredients in such products are not adulterated and that such products are not represented as poultry products. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 2406
• poultry transporter: means any person who transports poultry as a business enterprise. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1824
• Power of attorney: A written instrument which authorizes one person to act as another's agent or attorney. The power of attorney may be for a definite, specific act, or it may be general in nature. The terms of the written power of attorney may specify when it will expire. If not, the power of attorney usually expires when the person granting it dies. ^{Source: OCC}
• Precedent: A court decision in an earlier case with facts and law similar to a dispute currently before a court. Precedent will ordinarily govern the decision of a later similar case, unless a party can show that it was wrongly decided or that it differed in some significant way.
• Preferred lender list: shall mean a list of one or more recommended or suggested lending institutions that a covered institution makes available for use, in print or any other medium or form, by borrowers, potential borrowers or others. See N.Y. Penal Law 60.21
• Present teacher: shall mean any teacher who was a teacher on or before the first day of August, nineteen hundred twenty-one, whose membership in the retirement system created by this article has been continuous and

  a. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-2117

• President: shall mean the president of the New York state higher education services corporation. See N.Y. Penal Law 60.02
• Presiding officer: A majority-party Senator who presides over the Senate and is charged with maintaining order and decorum, recognizing Members to speak, and interpreting the Senate's rules, practices and precedents.
• Principal place of business: means the office location designated by the licensee from which the person directs, controls, and coordinates his or her professional services. See N.Y. Tax Law 1210-A
• Private law: A private bill enacted into law. Private laws have restricted applicability, often addressing immigration and naturalization issues affecting individuals.
• Private-placement adoption: shall mean any adoption other than that of a minor who has been placed for adoption by an authorized agency. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-943
• Probate: Proving a will
• Probation officers: Screen applicants for pretrial release and monitor convicted offenders released under court supervision.
• Processing: means any method whereby meat or meat products derived from animals are cut, boned, mixed, blended, canned, cured or otherwise prepared for purposes other than for human consumption. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1837-C
• Product name: means the name of the commmercial feed which identifies it as to kind, class, or specific use. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-AA*3
• Program: shall mean the New York Higher Education Loan Program established by this article. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-902
• Program: shall mean the New York state college choice tuition savings program established pursuant to this article. See N.Y. Penal Law 70.02
• Program manager: shall mean a financial organization selected by the comptroller to act as a depository and manager of the program. See N.Y. Penal Law 70.02
• project: shall mean , with respect to an educational facilities capital plan, (a) the performance, at a specified educational facility, of one or more program elements, as defined in paragraph a, b, c or d of subdivision two of section twenty-five hundred ninety-p of this article; or (b) the performance of the program elements defined in paragraphs f and g of such subdivision or any system replacement identified in paragraph e of such subdivision. See N.Y. Penal Law 178.25
• Project: shall mean (i) the construction of a new industrial or manufacturing plant, a new research and development building or other new eligible business facility, (ii) the acquisition, rehabilitation or improvement of a former or existing industrial or manufacturing plant, of a former or existing building to be used for research and development, of a former or existing other eligible business facility, (iii) the construction, acquisition, rehabilitation or improvement of pollution control facilities, (iv) the purchase of machinery and equipment, for which financial assistance from the authority is sought, or (v) assistance to employees under an employee ownership assistance loan agreement made pursuant to subtitle six of this title; provided, however, that any such plant, building, facility or machinery and equipment therefore shall not be primarily used in making retail sales of goods or services to customers who personally visit such facilities to obtain such goods or services, or used primarily as a hotel, apartment house or other place of business which furnishes dwelling space or accommodations to either residents or transients. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1801
• Project occupant: shall mean the business enterprise which proposes to use a project after construction, acquisition, rehabilitation or improvement. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1801
• Property: includes , but is not limited to, money, rights to claim refunds or rebates, postal savings deposits, bonds, notes, certificates, policies of insurance, other instruments of value, choses in action, obligations whether written or unwritten, and any thing of value of any nature whatsoever. See N.Y. Penal Law 250.65
• Psychiatric examiner: means a qualified psychiatrist or a certified psychologist who has been designated by a director to examine a defendant pursuant to an order of examination. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-740
• Public agency: shall mean the family court, the division for youth or the local social services district. See N.Y. Penal Law 220.06
• Public corporation: shall mean any state and a public corporation as defined in section sixty-six of the general construction law, but shall not mean an agency or political subdivision of the United States or of a foreign nation. See N.Y. Penal Law 240.60
• public library system: as used in this article means:

  (1) A library established by one or more counties. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-866

• Publisher: means any publishing house, publishing firm, or publishing company that publishes textbooks and supplemental materials. See N.Y. Penal Law 70.45
• Pupil: means a resident of the state of New York who has been enrolled full-time in a nonpublic school and whose parents' combined taxable income is less than five thousand dollars. See N.Y. Penal Law 55.10
• Pure seed: means agricultural, vegetable, flower, tree, or shrub seeds exclusive of inert matter, weed seeds, and all other seeds distinguishable from the kinds, or kinds and varieties being considered. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-E
• Qualified higher education expenses: shall mean any qualified higher education expense included in section 529 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. See N.Y. Penal Law 70.02
• Qualified retired New York or federal law enforcement officer: means an individual who is a retired police officer as police officer is defined in subdivision thirty-four of section 1. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• Qualified withdrawal: shall mean a withdrawal from an account to pay the qualified higher education expenses of the designated beneficiary of the account at an eligible educational institution. See N.Y. Penal Law 70.02
• real property: as used in this title , shall exclude the executive mansion. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-656
• Real property: shall mean lands, waters, rights in lands or waters, structures, franchises and interests in land, including lands under water and riparian rights, and any and all other things and rights usually included within the said term and includes also any and all interests in such property less than full title, such as easements permanent or temporary, rights-of-way, uses, leases, licenses and all other incorporeal hereditaments in every estate, interest or right, legal or equitable. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1801
• Recess: A temporary interruption of the legislative business.
• Record: means any book, paper, map, photograph, or other information-recording device, regardless of physical form or characteristic, that is made, produced, executed, or received by any local government or officer thereof pursuant to law or in connection with the transaction of public business. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-685
• Records retention and disposition schedule: means a list or other instrument describing records and their retention periods which is issued by the commissioner of education. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-685
• Recourse: An arrangement in which a bank retains, in form or in substance, any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bank's claim on the asset. If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold, then the retention of any credit risk is recourse. ^{Source: FDIC}
• reference and research library resources system: as used in this article means a duly chartered educational institution resulting from the association of a group of institutions of higher education, libraries, non-profit educational institutions, hospitals, and other institutions organized to improve reference and research library resources service. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-866
• registered voter: shall mean an elector of the city of New York under the election law. See N.Y. Penal Law 178.25
• Registrant: means any person who has registered a commercial feed manufacturing facility or brand of pet food or specialty pet food pursuant to the provisions of section one hundred twenty-nine of this article. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-AA*3
• registration number: means the number assigned to and that identifies a particular domestic animal, which number and the identifying characteristics of such domestic animal are set forth in a registry maintained by a breed association recognized by the department. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1824
• Regular school year: means all of the months of the calendar year exclusive of July and August. See N.Y. Penal Law 55.10
• REIT: means a real estate investment trust as defined in section eight hundred fifty-six of the internal revenue code. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 11-601
• Rent regulated tenant: shall mean a person occupying a housing accommodation which is subject to the regulations and control of residential rents and evictions pursuant to the emergency housing rent control law, the local emergency housing rent control act, the emergency tenant protection act of nineteen seventy-four, the New York city rent and rehabilitation law or the New York city rent stabilization law of nineteen hundred sixty-nine, and such person is either a party to a lease or rental agreement for such housing accommodation, a statutory tenant or a person who lawfully occupies such housing accommodation with such party to a lease or rental agreement or with such statutory tenant. See N.Y. Penal Law 241.00
• Reporter: Makes a record of court proceedings and prepares a transcript, and also publishes the court's opinions or decisions (in the courts of appeals).
• Rescission: The cancellation of budget authority previously provided by Congress. The Impoundment Control Act of 1974 specifies that the President may propose to Congress that funds be rescinded. If both Houses have not approved a rescission proposal (by passing legislation) within 45 days of continuous session, any funds being withheld must be made available for obligation.
• Resident: shall mean :

  (a) An individual domiciled in this state;

  (b) A domestic corporation;

  (c) A banking organization, as defined in section one hundred three of this chapter; and

  (d) This state and any public corporation organized under its laws. See N.Y. Penal Law 240.60

• Residential mortgage loan: means a loan or agreement to extend credit, including the renewal, refinancing or modification of any such loan, made to a person, which loan is primarily secured by either a mortgage, deed of trust, or other lien upon any interest in residential real property or any certificate of stock or other evidence of ownership in, and a proprietary lease from, a corporation or partnership formed for the purpose of cooperative ownership of residential real property. See N.Y. Penal Law 187.00
• Respondent: shall mean a person accused of a violation who has entered an institution's judicial or conduct process. See N.Y. Penal Law 415.00
• Respondent: means a person against whom a proceeding has been commenced for enforcement of an order for return of a child under the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction or enforcement of a child custody determination. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-925
• Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.
• Retention period: means the minimum length of time that must elapse before a record is eligible for disposition. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-685
• Retirement allowance: shall mean the pension plus the annuity. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-2117
• Retirement board: shall mean the retirement board provided by section five hundred four of this article. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-2117
• Retirement fund: shall mean the state teachers' retirement fund for public school teachers of the state of New York as created by chapter one hundred forty of the laws of nineteen hundred ten, chapter four hundred forty-nine of the laws of nineteen hundred eleven, chapter forty-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fourteen, chapter one hundred three of the laws of nineteen hundred nineteen and chapter one hundred sixty-one of the laws of nineteen hundred twenty-three. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-2117
• Retirement system: shall mean the New York state teachers' retirement system provided for in section five hundred two of this article. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-2117
• Revenue sharing: shall mean any arrangement whereby a lending institution pays a covered institution or an affiliated entity or organization of such covered institution a percentage of the principal of each loan directed towards the lending institution from a borrower at the covered institution. See N.Y. Penal Law 60.21
• RIC: means a regulated investment company as defined in section eight hundred fifty-one of the internal revenue code. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 11-601
• Rifle: means a weapon designed or redesigned, made or remade, and intended to be fired from the shoulder and designed or redesigned and made or remade to use the energy of the explosive in a fixed metallic cartridge to fire only a single projectile through a rifled bore for each single pull of the trigger. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• Roll call vote : A vote in which each legislator votes "yea" or "nay" as his or her name is called by the Clerk, so that the names of legislators voting on each side are recorded.
• salary: means all amounts paid by or for the city of New York as compensation for services rendered by an eligible employee. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.10
• salary: shall mean the amount of compensation that is to be paid to a teacher for services rendered during the full ten months period that the public schools of the district are required by law to be in session during any school year. See N.Y. Penal Law 205.17
• school district: shall mean any common, union free, central, central high or city school district, or a board of cooperative educational services. See N.Y. Penal Law 160.10
• School district of origin: shall mean the public school district of which a child was or is a resident at the time of such child's placement in the care and custody of a public agency. See N.Y. Penal Law 220.06
• School district of residence: shall mean the public school district in which the child was or is living at the time a public agency is considering placement of the child in a child care institution, or at the time a child is placed with the division for youth. See N.Y. Penal Law 220.06
• Security: shall mean :

  (a) Any instrument issued by a corporation or public corporation or any entry on the books and records of such corporation or public corporation evidencing an obligation to make any payment of the principal amount of a debt or of any increment due or to become due thereon; or

  (b) Any instrument issued by a corporation to evidence a proprietary interest therein or any intangible interest in a corporation as evidenced by the books and records of the corporation except:

  (i) A policy of insurance issued by a mutual insurance corporation, or

  (ii) A share issued by a savings and loan association, a building and loan association, or a credit union. See N.Y. Penal Law 240.60

• Security: shall include :

  (a) Any instrument issued by a corporation or public issuer to evidence an obligation to make any payment of the principal amount of a debt or of any increment due or to become due thereon, or

  (b) Any instrument issued by a corporation to evidence a proprietary interest therein except:

  (i) A policy of insurance issued by a mutual insurance corporation, or

  (ii) A share issued by a savings and loan association, a building and loan association, or a credit union. See N.Y. Penal Law 240.70

• seed: means botanical structures used for planting purposes and commonly referred to as "seed" within this state. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-E
• Select biological agent: shall mean a biological weapon which has been identified in regulations promulgated pursuant to subdivision twenty-one of section two hundred six of the public health law. See N.Y. Penal Law 490.05
• Select chemical agent: shall mean a chemical weapon which has been identified in regulations promulgated pursuant to subdivision twenty of section two hundred six of the public health law. See N.Y. Penal Law 490.05
• senior college: shall mean an institution of higher education in the city of New York, which is governed and administered by the board of trustees, including, but not limited to, a professional or graduate institution, an institution for research, an administrative institution, and, except as otherwise provided, Medgar Evers college, New York city college of technology (formerly known as "New York city technical college" and "New York city community college"), and the college of Staten Island, but not including a community college. See N.Y. Penal Law 260.05
• Serious offense: means (a) any of the following offenses defined in the former penal law as in force and effect immediately prior to September first, nineteen hundred sixty-seven: illegally using, carrying or possessing a pistol or other dangerous weapon; making or possessing burglar's instruments; buying or receiving stolen property; unlawful entry of a building; aiding escape from prison; that kind of disorderly conduct defined in subdivisions six and eight of section seven hundred twenty-two of such former penal law; violations of sections four hundred eighty-three, four hundred eighty-three-b, four hundred eighty-four-h and article one hundred six of such former penal law; that kind of criminal sexual act or rape which was designated as a misdemeanor; violation of section seventeen hundred forty-seven-d and seventeen hundred forty-seven-e of such former penal law; any violation of any provision of article thirty-three of the public health law relating to narcotic drugs which was defined as a misdemeanor by section seventeen hundred fifty-one-a of such former penal law, and any violation of any provision of article thirty-three-A of the public health law relating to depressant and stimulant drugs which was defined as a misdemeanor by section seventeen hundred forty-seven-b of such former penal law. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• Serious physical injury: means physical injury which creates a substantial risk of death, or which causes death or serious or protracted disfigurement, protracted impairment of health or protracted loss or impairment of the function of any bodily organ. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 2422
• Service: shall mean actual teaching or supervision by the teacher during regular school hours of the day, and shall mean governmental service in the state of New York in another capacity where the teacher was a member of the New York state employees retirement system, and where such service was credited to the teacher in the said New York state employees retirement system. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-2117
• Service dog: means any dog that has been or is being individually trained to do work or perform tasks for the benefit of a person with a disability. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 2422
• Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party.
• Sexual conduct: means actual or simulated sexual intercourse, oral sexual conduct, anal sexual conduct, sexual bestiality, masturbation, sado-masochistic abuse, or lewd exhibition of the genitals. See N.Y. Penal Law 263.00
• Sexual performance: means any performance or part thereof which, for purposes of section 263. See N.Y. Penal Law 263.00
• sheep: means any member of the genus ovis. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1824
• Shotgun: means a weapon designed or redesigned, made or remade, and intended to be fired from the shoulder and designed or redesigned and made or remade to use the energy of the explosive in a fixed shotgun shell to fire through a smooth bore either a number of ball shot or a single projectile for each single pull of the trigger. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• Small business: means a business which is independently owned and operated, and which is not dominant in the field of operation. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1695
• Special act school district: shall mean those school districts enumerated in chapter five hundred sixty-six of the laws of nineteen hundred sixty-seven as amended. See N.Y. Penal Law 220.06
• specialist assistant: means a person who is registered pursuant to this article as a specialist assistant for a particular medical specialty as defined by regulations promulgated by the commissioner of health pursuant to section thirty-seven hundred eleven of the public health law. See N.Y. Penal Law 490.01
• specialty fertilizer: shall mean a commercial fertilizer distributed primarily for non-farm use, such as home gardens, lawns, shrubbery, flowers, golf courses, municipal parks, cemeteries, greenhouses and nurseries, and such other use as the commissioner may define by regulation. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-L*4
• Specialty pet: means any domesticated pet normally maintained in a cage or tank, such as, but not limited to, gerbils, hamsters, canaries, psittacine birds, mynahs, finches, tropical fish, goldfish, snakes and turtles. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-AA*3
• Specialty pet food: means any commercial feed prepared and distributed for consumption by specialty pets. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-AA*3
• Sports contest: means any professional or amateur sport or athletic game or contest viewed by the public. See N.Y. Penal Law 180.35
• Sports official: means any person who acts or expects to act in a sports contest as an umpire, referee, judge or otherwise to officiate at a sports contest. See N.Y. Penal Law 180.35
• Sports participant: means any person who participates or expects to participate in a sports contest as a player, contestant or member of a team, or as a coach, manager, trainer or other person directly associated with a player, contestant or team. See N.Y. Penal Law 180.35
• State: means any state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the U. See N.Y. Tax Law 1210-A
• State: shall mean the state of New York. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1801
• State agency: shall mean any department, bureau, commission, board, public authority or other agency of the state, including any public benefit corporation of which any member of whose board is appointed by the governor. See N.Y. Penal Law 400.01
• State agency: shall mean any officer, department, board, commission,

  bureau, division, public corporation, agency or instrumentality of the state. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1801

• state salary: means all amounts paid by or for the state as compensation for services rendered by an eligible employee. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-765
• State university health care facility: shall mean a hospital, as defined in section twenty-eight hundred one of the public health law, operated by the state university, or a clinic, as defined in subdivision six of this section, of a state university health sciences center at Brooklyn, Buffalo, Stony Brook and Syracuse, or the College of Optometry. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-2007
• Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights.
• stop-sale: means an administrative order provided by law, restraining the sale, use, disposition, and movement of a definite amount of seed. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-E
• Student: shall mean any individual who is enrolled at least half-time, as defined by the commissioner, in a two year, four year, graduate or professional degree granting or certificate program at an eligible college. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-902
• Supplemental materials: means materials that supplement the primary textbook or textbooks that come in the form of another book, online technologies, a workbook, CD-ROM, or any other format, and that can be used by a faculty member or a student during the teaching of a course. See N.Y. Penal Law 70.45
• Supplier: means any person who provides collectibles to a dealer specifically for the purposes of re-sale. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-715
• Supported employment: means paid competitive work performed by individuals with severe disabilities who require intensive support services to obtain such employment and extended support to sustain such employment, and which is performed in an integrated setting which

  provides regular interactions with individuals who do not have disabilities, other than paid caregivers. See N.Y. Penal Law 120.55

• Supported employment services: means support services needed by individuals with severe disabilities to obtain and sustain supported employment. See N.Y. Penal Law 120.55
• Surrogate: shall mean the surrogate of any county in the state and any other judicial officer while acting in the capacity of surrogate. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-943
• swine: means the entire super family of suidoidae, both feral and domestic. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1824
• Switchblade knife: means any knife which has a blade which opens automatically by hand pressure applied to a button, spring or other device in the handle of the knife. See N.Y. Penal Law 265.00
• Taxable income: means the amount of combined net taxable income, if any, of both parents computed in accordance with the provisions of section six hundred eleven of the tax law computed without the benefit of the modification of federal adjusted gross income for nonpublic school tuition pursuant to paragraph (14) of subsection (c) of section six hundred twelve of the tax law, for the year for which a tuition reimbursement payment is sought. See N.Y. Penal Law 55.10
• Taxpayer: means any corporation, association or other entity or individual subject to tax under this chapter;

  2. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 11-601

• Teacher: shall mean any regular teacher, special teacher, including any school librarian or physical training teacher, principal, vice-principal,

  supervisor,

  supervisory

  principal,

  director, superintendent, city superintendent, assistant city superintendent, district superintendent and other member of the teaching or professional staff of any class, public school, vocational school, truant reformatory school or parental school, and of any or all classes of schools within the state of New York, including schools on the Indian reservation, conducted under the order and superintendence of and wholly or partly at the expense of the New York state education department or of a duly elected board of education, board of school directors or board of trustees of the state or of any city or school district thereof, provided that no person shall be deemed a teacher within the meaning of this article who is not so employed for full time outside vacation periods. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-2117

• Teachers: shall mean all full-time members of the teaching and supervisory staff of each school district of the state, including, if employed in such district, the superintendent of schools, associate, district or other superintendents, members of the board of examiners, directors,

  inspectors,

  supervisors, principals, administrative assistants, first assistants, teachers, school psychologists, social workers in a city having a population of over one million, lecturers and special instructors, except employees holding the positions enumerated in subdivisions one and two of section thirty-one hundred six of this article. See N.Y. Penal Law 205.17

• test: means any test that is given in New York at the expense of the test subject and designed for use and used in the process of selection for post-secondary or professional school admissions. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-998
• Test agency: means any organization, association, corporation, partnership, or individual or person that develops, sponsors or administers a test. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-998
• Test form: means the test booklet or instrument used for each part of each test. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-998
• Test subject: means an individual to whom a test is administered. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-998
• Test year: means the twelve-month period commencing September first during which the test agency administers a particular test. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-998
• Testator: A male person who leaves a will at death.
• Testify: Answer questions in court.
• Textbook: means any textbook that is adopted for a course, as determined by the faculty member or members or entity charged with choosing that textbook. See N.Y. Penal Law 70.45
• the mayor: shall mean the mayor of the city of New York. See N.Y. Penal Law 260.05
• Therapy dog: means any dog that is trained to aid the emotional and physical health of patients in hospitals, nursing homes, retirement homes and other settings and is actually used for such purpose, or any dog during the period such dog is being trained or bred for such purpose, and does not qualify under federal or state law or regulations as a service dog. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 2422
• this state: means the state of New York;

  3. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 11-601

• Title IX Coordinator: shall mean the Title IX Coordinator and/or his or her designee or designees. See N.Y. Penal Law 415.00
• ton: means a net weight of two thousand pounds avoirdupois. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-L*4
• Tort: A civil wrong or breach of a duty to another person, as outlined by law. A very common tort is negligent operation of a motor vehicle that results in property damage and personal injury in an automobile accident.
• Transcript: A written, word-for-word record of what was said, either in a proceeding such as a trial or during some other conversation, as in a transcript of a hearing or oral deposition.
• Transportation service: means the operation within the state of a vehicle or vehicles by a person not otherwise licensed to operate a disposal plant, for the purpose of transporting for hire unprocessed animal bodies, carcasses or portions thereof, and meat or meat products which are not intended for eventual use for human consumption. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1837-C
• Trap and trace device: means a device which captures the incoming electronic or other impulses which identify the originating number of an instrument or device from which a wire or electronic communication was transmitted. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-701
• Treasury shares: means shares which have been issued, have been subsequently acquired, and are retained uncancelled by the corporation. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-728
• treated: means that the seed has received an effective application of an approved substance or method designed to control or repel plant disease organisms, insects, or other pests; or has received some other treatment to improve its planting value. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-E
• tree and shrub seeds: includes seeds of woody plants commonly known and sold as tree or shrub seeds in this state. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-E
• True bill: Another word for indictment.
• Trust: shall mean the trust created by section 54. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-656
• Trust account: A general term that covers all types of accounts in a trust department, such as estates, guardianships, and agencies. ^{Source: OCC}
• Truth in Lending Act: The Truth in Lending Act is a federal law that requires lenders to provide standardized information so that borrowers can compare loan terms. In general, lenders must provide information on ^{Source: OCC}
• Tuition: means the amount actually paid by a parent for the enrollment of a pupil at a nonpublic school for the calendar year for which a tuition reimbursement payment is sought. See N.Y. Penal Law 55.10
• Tuition: shall mean the per pupil cost of all instructional services, supplies and equipment, and the operation of instructional facilities as determined by the commissioner. See N.Y. Penal Law 220.06
• tuition: as used in this article and in the provisions of chapter ten hundred sixty of the laws of nineteen hundred seventy-four shall mean the per pupil cost of all instructional services, supplies, equipment and the operation of instructional facilities as determined by the commissioner. See N.Y. Penal Law 221.40
• Tuition savings agreement: shall mean an agreement between the comptroller or a financial organization and the account owner. See N.Y. Penal Law 70.02
• Uniform Commercial Code: A set of statutes enacted by the various states to provide consistency among the states' commercial laws. It includes negotiable instruments, sales, stock transfers, trust and warehouse receipts, and bills of lading. ^{Source: OCC}
• United States: means any officer, agency, department or instrumentality of the United States of America, other than a court, and any corporation organized under its laws. See N.Y. Penal Law 250.65
• University centers: shall mean the university centers at Albany, Binghamton, Buffalo and Stony Brook. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-2007
• Uphold: The decision of an appellate court not to reverse a lower court decision.
• Use: shall mean to avail oneself of or to employ without conveyance of title gardens on vacant public lands by any individual or organization. See N.Y. Penal Law 400.01
• Usury: Charging an illegally high interest rate on a loan. ^{Source: OCC}
• Vacant public land: shall mean any land owned by the state or a public corporation including a municipality that is not in use for a public purpose, is otherwise unoccupied, idle or not being actively utilized for a period of at least six months and is suitable for garden use. See N.Y. Penal Law 400.01
• Variable Rate: Having a "variable" rate means that the APR changes from time to time based on fluctuations in an external rate, normally the Prime Rate. This external rate is known as the "index." If the index changes, the variable rate normally changes. Also see Fixed Rate.
• variety: means a subdivision of a kind characterized by growth, yield, disease resistance, plant, flower, fruit, seed or other characteristics by which it may be differentiated under certain conditions from other plants of the same kind. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-E
• vegetable seeds: includes seeds of those food crops which are grown in gardens and on truck farms and are generally known and sold under the name of vegetable or herb seeds in this state. See N.Y. Tax Law 1202-E
• Vehicle: means a conveyance or any piece of equipment whatsoever used in transportation service. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 1837-C
• Verdict: The decision of a petit jury or a judge.
• Veto: The procedure established under the Constitution by which the President/Governor refuses to approve a bill or joint resolution and thus prevents its enactment into law. A regular veto occurs when the President/Governor returns the legislation to the house in which it originated. The President/Governor usually returns a vetoed bill with a message indicating his reasons for rejecting the measure. In Congress, the veto can be overridden only by a two-thirds vote in both the Senate and the House.
• Victim Impact Statement: A written or spoken statement by the victim or his or her representative about the physical, emotional, and financial impact of a crime on the victim. The statement is given to the court before sentencing.
• Video surveillance: means the intentional visual observation by law enforcement of a person by means of a television camera or other electronic device that is part of a television transmitting apparatus, whether or not such observation is recorded on film or video tape, without the consent of that person or another person thereat and under circumstances in which such observation in the absence of a video surveillance warrant infringes upon such person's reasonable expectation of privacy under the constitution of this state or of the United States. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-687
• Video surveillance: has the meaning given to that term by section 700. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-709
• Video surveillance warrant: means an order of a justice authorizing or approving video surveillance. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-687
• Vocational rehabilitation services: means :

  a. See N.Y. Penal Law 120.55

• Voice vote: A vote in which the Presiding Officer states the question, then asks those in favor and against to say "Yea" or "Nay," respectively, and announces the result according to his or her judgment. The names or numbers of legisators voting on each side are not recorded.
• Wages: shall include moneys payable, under contract or otherwise, for services rendered to a domestic or foreign corporation or fiduciary, including but not limited to payment of salaries, commissions, royalties, expenses, employee benefits, and insurance benefits payable by a corporation pursuant to a self-insurance plan, less lawful deductions. See N.Y. Penal Law 240.60
• Wages: shall include moneys payable, under contract or otherwise, for services rendered to a broker or dealer, less lawful deductions. See N.Y. Penal Law 240.70
• War dog: means any dog which has been honorably discharged from the United States armed services. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 2422
• Without authorization: means to use or to access a computer, computer service or computer network without the permission of the owner

  or lessor or someone licensed or privileged by the owner or lessor where such person knew that his or her use or access was without permission or after actual notice to such person that such use or access was without permission. See N.Y. Penal Law 156.00

• Working search dog: means any dog that is trained to aid in the search for missing persons and is actually used for such purpose. See N.Y. Public Authorities Law 2422
• Workplace literacy and basic skills education: means those common branch skills and English-as-a-second-language skills that are directly related to the ability to perform occupational tasks. See N.Y. Penal Law 242.00
• Workshop: means a place where any manufacture or handiwork is carried on and which is operated for the principle purpose of providing gainful employment to severely handicapped persons (a) as an interim step in the rehabilitation process for those who cannot be absorbed in the competitive labor market; or (b) during such time as employment opportunities for them in the competitive labor market do not exist. See N.Y. Penal Law 120.55
• Writ: A formal written command, issued from the court, requiring the performance of a specific act.
• Year of service: shall mean the number of years which a teacher has served in the school district in which he is employed including the year for which a determination for salary purposes is made. See N.Y. Penal Law 205.17
• Youth: means a person charged with a crime alleged to have been committed when he was at least sixteen years old and less than nineteen years old or a person charged with being a juvenile offender as defined in subdivision forty-two of section 1. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-722
• Youthful offender finding: means a finding, substituted for the conviction of an eligible youth, pursuant to a determination that the eligible youth is a youthful offender. See N.Y. New York City Administrative Code 27-722