(a)  Under such regulations as the governor may prescribe, and under such additional regulations as may be prescribed by the adjutant general, limitations may be placed on the powers granted by this chapter with respect to the kind and amount of punishment authorized; the categories of commanding officers and warrant officers exercising command authorized to exercise those powers; the applicability of this chapter to an accused who demands trial by court-martial; and the kinds of courts-martial to which the case may be referred upon that demand. However, punishment may not be imposed upon any member of the state military forces under this section if the member has, before the imposition of punishment, demanded trial by court-martial in lieu of punishment. Under similar regulations, rules may be prescribed with respect to the suspension of punishments authorized hereunder. If authorized by regulations of the adjutant general, a commanding officer exercising general court-martial jurisdiction, or an officer of general rank in command, may delegate his or her powers under this chapter to a principal assistant.

(b)(1)  Subject to subsection (a) of this section, any commanding officer may, in addition to, or in lieu of, admonition or reprimand, impose one or more of the following disciplinary punishments for minor offenses without the intervention of court-martial:

(i)  Upon officers of his or her command:

(A)  Restriction to certain specified limits, with or without suspension from duty, for not more than thirty (30) consecutive days; and

(B)  If imposed by an officer exercising general court-martial jurisdiction or an officer of general rank in command:

(I)  Arrest in quarters for not more than thirty (30) consecutive days;

(II)  Forfeiture of not more than one-half (½) of one month’s pay per month for two (2) months;

(III)  Restriction to certain specified limits, with or without suspension from duty, for not more than sixty (60) consecutive days; and

(IV)  Detention of not more than one-half (½) of one month’s pay per month for three (3) months; and

(ii)  Upon other personnel of his or her command:

(A)  Correctional custody for not more than seven (7) consecutive days;

(B)  Forfeiture of not more than seven (7) days’ pay;

(C)  Reduction to the next inferior pay grade, if the grade from which demoted is within the promotion authority of the officer imposing the reduction or any officer subordinate to the one who imposes the reduction;

(D)  Extra duties, including fatigue or other duties, for not more than fourteen (14) consecutive days;

(E)  Restrictions to certain specified limits, with or without suspension from duty, for not more than fourteen (14) consecutive days;

(F)  Detention of not more than fourteen (14) days’ pay; and

(G)  If imposed by an officer of the grade of major or above:

(I)  Correctional custody for not more than thirty (30) consecutive days;

(II)  Forfeiture of not more than one-half (½) of one month’s pay per month for two (2) months;

(III)  Reduction to the lowest or any intermediate pay grade, if the grade from which demoted is within the promotion authority of the officer imposing the reduction, or any officer subordinate to the one who imposes the reduction, but an enlisted member in a pay grade above E-4 may not be reduced more than two (2) pay grades;

(IV)  Extra duties, including fatigue or other duties, for not more than forty-five (45) consecutive days;

(V)  Restrictions to certain specified limits, with or without suspension from duty, for not more than sixty (60) consecutive days; and

(VI)  Detention of not more than one-half (½) of one month’s pay per month for three (3) months.

(2)  Detention of pay shall be for a stated period of not more than one year, but if the offender’s term of service expires earlier, the detention shall terminate upon that expiration. No two (2) or more of the punishments of arrest in quarters, correctional custody, extra duties, and restriction may be combined to run consecutively in the maximum amount imposable for each. Whenever any of those punishments are combined to run consecutively, there must be an apportionment. In addition, forfeiture of pay may not be combined with detention of pay without an apportionment. For the purposes of this subsection, “correctional custody” is the physical restraint of a person during duty or nonduty hours and may include extra duties, fatigue duties, or hard labor. If practicable, correctional custody will not be served in immediate association with persons awaiting trial or held in confinement pursuant to trial by court-martial.

(c)  An officer in charge may impose upon enlisted members assigned to the unit of which that officer is in charge such of the punishments authorized under subsection (b)(1)(ii) of this section as the adjutant general may specifically prescribe by regulation.

(d)  The officer who imposes the punishment authorized in subsection (b) of this section, or his or her successor in command, may, at any time, suspend probationally any part or amount of the unexecuted punishment imposed and may suspend probationally a reduction in grade or forfeiture imposed under subsection (b) of this section, whether or not executed. In addition, that officer may, at any time, remit or mitigate any part or amount of the unexecuted punishment imposed and may set aside in whole or in part the punishment, whether executed or unexecuted, and restore all rights, privileges, and property affected. He or she may also mitigate reduction in grade to forfeiture or detention of pay. When mitigating: (1) arrest in quarters to restriction; (2) correctional custody to extra duties or restriction or both; or (3) extra duties to restriction; the mitigated punishment shall not be for a greater period than the punishment mitigated. When mitigating forfeiture of pay to detention of pay, the amount of the detention shall not be greater than the amount of the forfeiture. When mitigating reduction in grade to forfeiture or detention of pay, the amount of the forfeiture or detention shall not be greater than the amount that could have been imposed initially under this chapter by the officer who imposed the punishment mitigated.

(e)  A person punished under this chapter who considers his or her punishment unjust or disproportionate to the offense may, through the proper channel, appeal to the next superior authority. The appeal shall be promptly forwarded and decided, but the person punished may in the meantime be required to undergo the punishment adjudged. The superior authority may exercise the same powers with respect to the punishment imposed as may be exercised under subsection (d) of this section by the officer who imposed the punishment. Before acting on an appeal from a punishment of:

(1)  Arrest in quarters for more than seven (7) days;

(2)  Correctional custody for more than seven (7) days;

(3)  Forfeiture of more than seven (7) days’ pay;

(4)  Reduction of one or more pay grades from the fourth or a higher pay grade;

(5)  Extra duties for more than fourteen (14) days;

(6)  Restriction for more than fourteen (14) days; or

(7)  Detention of more than fourteen (14) days’ pay;

the authority who is to act on the appeal shall refer the case to the staff judge advocate of the command, or in a command to which no staff judge advocate is assigned, then to the state judge advocate, for consideration and advice, and may so refer the case upon appeal from any punishment imposed under subsection (b) of this section.

(f)  The imposition and enforcement of disciplinary punishment under this chapter for any act or omission is not a bar to trial by court-martial for a serious crime or offense growing out of the same act or omission, and not properly punishable under this chapter; but the fact that a disciplinary punishment has been enforced may be shown by the accused upon trial, and when so shown shall be considered in determining the measure of the punishment to be adjudged in the event of a finding of guilty.

(g)  The adjutant general may, by regulation, prescribe the form of records to be kept of proceedings under this chapter and may also prescribe that certain categories of those proceedings shall be in writing.