Virginia Code 59.1-508.5: Limitation of actions
(a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), an action for breach of contract must be commenced within the later of four years after the right of action accrues or one year after the breach was or should have been discovered, but not later than five years after the right of action accrues.
Terms Used In Virginia Code 59.1-508.5
- Aggrieved party: means a party entitled to a remedy for breach of contract. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
- Agreement: means the bargain of the parties in fact as found in their language or by implication from other circumstances, including course of performance, course of dealing, and usage of trade as provided in this chapter. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
- Consumer: means an individual who is a licensee of information or informational rights that the individual at the time of contracting intended to be used primarily for personal, family, or household purposes. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
- Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
- Contract: means the total legal obligation resulting from the parties' agreement as affected by this chapter and other applicable law. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
- Copy: means the medium on which information is fixed on a temporary or permanent basis and from which it can be perceived, reproduced, used, or communicated, either directly or with the aid of a machine or device. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
- Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. Source:
- Information: means data, text, images, sounds, mask works, or computer programs, including collections and compilations of them. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
- Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
- Party: means a person that engages in a transaction or makes an agreement under this chapter. See Virginia Code 59.1-501.2
- Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
- Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights.
(b) If the original agreement of the parties alters the period of limitations, the following rules apply:
(1) The parties may reduce the period of limitation to not less than one year after the right of action accrues but may not extend it.
(2) In a consumer contract, the period of limitation may not be reduced.
(c) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d), a right of action accrues when the act or omission constituting a breach of contract occurs, even if the aggrieved party did not know of the breach. A right of action for breach of warranty accrues when tender of delivery of a copy pursuant to § 59.1-506.6, or access to the information, occurs. However, if the warranty expressly extends to future performance of the information or a copy, the right of action accrues when the performance fails to conform to the warranty, but not later than the date the warranty expires.
(d) In the following cases, a right of action accrues on the later of the date the act or omission constituting the breach of contract occurred or the date on which it was or should have been discovered by the aggrieved party, but not earlier than the date for delivery of a copy if the claim relates to information in the copy:
(1) a breach of warranty against third-party claims for:
(A) infringement or misappropriation; or
(B) libel, slander, or the like;
(2) a breach of contract involving a party’s disclosure or misuse of confidential information; or
(3) a failure to provide an indemnity or to perform another obligation to protect or defend against a third-party claim.
(e) If an action commenced within the period of limitation is so concluded as to leave available a remedy by another action for the same breach of contract, the other action may be commenced after expiration of the period of limitation if the action is commenced within six months after conclusion of the first action, unless the action was concluded as a result of voluntary discontinuance or dismissal for failure or neglect to prosecute.
(f) This section does not alter the law on tolling of the statute of limitations and does not apply to a right of action that accrued before the effective date of this chapter.