Terms Used In Virginia Code > Title 19.2 > Chapter 21.1 - Compensating Victims of Crime

• Abstract of judgment: In a federal criminal proceeding, A certification from a U.S. District Court clerk that a judgment of restitution was entered against the defendant owing to the victim. If the defendant inherits, owns, or sells real property or holdings, these assets can then be attached at the state and local levels as well.
• Account: means any deposit or credit account with a bank including demand, time savings passbook, share draft, or like account, other than an account evidenced by a certificate of deposit;

  (2) "Afternoon" means the period of a day between noon and midnight;

  (3) "Banking day" means the part of a day on which a bank is open to the public for carrying on substantially all of its banking functions, but shall not include Saturday, Sunday or a legal holiday;

  (4) "Clearing house" means an association of banks or other payors regularly clearing items;

  (5) "Customer" means a person having an account with a bank or for whom a bank has agreed to collect items, including a bank that maintains an account at another bank;

  (6) "Documentary draft" means any negotiable or nonnegotiable draft with accompanying documents, securities or other papers to be delivered against honor of the draft; or a draft to be presented for acceptance or payment if specified documents, certificated securities (§ 8. See Virginia Code 8.4-104

• Accredited career and technical education postsecondary school: means (i) a privately owned and managed, academic-vocational school, noncollege degree school, postsecondary school, or a vocational school, as defined in § 23. See Virginia Code 30-231.01
• Acquired entity: means the domestic or foreign corporation or eligible entity that will have all of one or more classes or series of shares or eligible interests acquired in a share exchange. See Virginia Code 13.1-715.1
• Acquiring entity: means the domestic or foreign corporation or eligible entity that will acquire all of one or more classes or series of shares or eligible interests of the acquired entity in a share exchange. See Virginia Code 13.1-715.1
• Acquittal:
  1. Judgement that a criminal defendant has not been proved guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.
  2. A verdict of "not guilty."
   
• Act: means the Communications Act of 1934. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.19
• Activity and use limitations: means restrictions or obligations created under this chapter with respect to real property. See Virginia Code 10.1-1238
• Actual reimbursement amount: means reimbursement information included in the claims data submitted by data suppliers to the Virginia All-Payer Claims Database, whether such information is referred to in the claims data as "paid amounts" "allowed amounts" or another term having the same or similar meaning and whether in reference to the payer who paid the actual reimbursement amount or the provider who received the actual reimbursement amount. See Virginia Code 32.1-276.3
• Adjourn: A motion to adjourn a legislative chamber or a committee, if passed, ends that day's session.
• Adjournment sine die: The end of a legislative session "without day." These adjournments are used to indicate the final adjournment of an annual or the two-year session of legislature.
• Adjusted crime index: means the potential crime rate for a locality multiplied by the base year population of the locality as estimated by the Center for Public Service. See Virginia Code 9.1-165
• Administrative review-eligible project: means a project that provides for:

  1. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.3

• Adult: means a person 18 years of age or more. See Virginia Code 1-203
• Advanced recycling: means a manufacturing process for the conversion of post-use polymers and recovered feedstocks into basic hydrocarbon raw materials, feedstocks, chemicals, liquid fuels, waxes, lubricants, or other products through processes that include pyrolysis, gasification, depolymerization, reforming, hydrogenation, solvolysis, catalytic cracking, and similar processes. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Advanced recycling facility: means a facility that, using advanced recycling, receives, stores, and converts post-use polymers and recovered feedstocks that it receives. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Advice and consent: Under the Constitution, presidential nominations for executive and judicial posts take effect only when confirmed by the Senate, and international treaties become effective only when the Senate approves them by a two-thirds vote.
• Advisory Board: means the State Advisory Board on Air Pollution. See Virginia Code 10.1-1300
• Advisory Board: means the Litter Control and Recycling Fund Advisory Board. See Virginia Code 10.1-1414
• Affiliate: means a person who directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with another person or is a senior executive officer of such person. See Virginia Code 13.1-729
• Affirmed: In the practice of the appellate courts, the decree or order is declared valid and will stand as rendered in the lower court.
• Age: means being an individual who is at least 40 years of age. See Virginia Code 15.2-1500.1
• Agency: means the Department of Environmental Quality or any other state or federal agency that determines or approves the environmental response project pursuant to which the environmental covenant is created. See Virginia Code 10.1-1238
• agency: means any agency, authority, board, department, division, commission, institution, bureau, or like governmental entity of the Commonwealth and includes any entity, public or private, with which any of the foregoing has entered into a contractual relationship to accomplish an agency program. See Virginia Code 30-65
• Agency: means any authority, commission, instrumentality, officer, board or other unit of the state government empowered by the basic laws to make regulations or decide cases. See Virginia Code 30-73.1
• agency: means any facility, program, or organization owned or operated by the Commonwealth, by any political subdivision, or by any person, firm, corporation, association, or other legal entity. See Virginia Code 32.1-162.16
• Agent: means a person who is a licensed bail bondsman who has been given power of attorney to act on the behalf of a licensed property bail bondsman. See Virginia Code 9.1-185
• Agreement: means the agreement or agreements between the Commonwealth, as seller of the Tobacco Assets, and the Corporation, as purchaser of the Tobacco Assets. See Virginia Code 32.1-354
• Air pollution: means the presence in the outdoor atmosphere of one or more substances which are or may be harmful or injurious to human health, welfare or safety, to animal or plant life, or to property, or which unreasonably interfere with the enjoyment by the people of life or property. See Virginia Code 10.1-1300
• Alarm respondent: means an individual who responds to the signal of an alarm for the purpose of detecting an intrusion of the home, business or property of the end user. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Allegation: something that someone says happened.
• Allowance: means an authorization to emit a fixed amount of carbon dioxide. See Virginia Code 10.1-1329
• Allowance auction: means an auction in which the Department or its agent offers allowances for sale. See Virginia Code 10.1-1329
• Alteration: means changes to an impounding structure that could alter or affect its structural integrity. See Virginia Code 10.1-604
• Amortization: Paying off a loan by regular installments.
• Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
• Antenna: means communications equipment that transmits or receives electromagnetic radio signals used in the provision of any type of wireless communications services. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.3
• Appellate: About appeals; an appellate court has the power to review the judgement of another lower court or tribunal.
• Applicant: means any and all persons seeking or holding a permit required under this chapter. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Appraisal: A determination of property value.
• Approved education program: means an educational agency or transition program or services accepted for participation in the Program by the Brown v. See Virginia Code 30-231.01
• Armed: means a private security registrant who carries or has immediate access to a firearm in the performance of his duties. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Armed security officer: means a natural person employed to (i) safeguard and protect persons and property or (ii) deter theft, loss, or concealment of any tangible or intangible personal property on the premises he is contracted to protect, and who carries or has access to a firearm in the performance of his duties. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Armored car personnel: means persons who transport or offer to transport under armed security from one place to another, money, negotiable instruments or other valuables in a specially equipped motor vehicle with a high degree of security and certainty of delivery. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
• Articles of incorporation: means all documents constituting, at any particular time, the charter of a corporation. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Articles of incorporation: means all documents constituting, at any particular time, the charter of a corporation. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Asset forfeiture: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.
• Assisted conception: means a pregnancy resulting from any intervening medical technology, whether in vivo or in vitro, which completely or partially replaces sexual intercourse as the means of conception. See Virginia Code 20-156
• associate: shall mean (i) any other person who directly or indirectly controls, or is controlled by or under common control with, any such person or who is acting or intends to act jointly or in concert with any such person in connection with the acquisition of or exercise of beneficial ownership over shares; (ii) any corporation or organization of which any such person is an officer, director, manager or partner or as to which any such person performs a similar function; (iii) any other person having direct or indirect beneficial ownership of 10 percent or more of any class of equity securities of any such person; (iv) any trust or estate in which any such person has a beneficial interest or as to which any such person serves as trustee or in a similar fiduciary capacity; and (v) any relative or spouse of any such person, or any relative of such spouse, any one of whom has the same residence as any such person. See Virginia Code 13.1-728.1
• Attorney-at-law: A person who is legally qualified and licensed to practice law, and to represent and act for clients in legal proceedings.
• Attorney-in-fact: A person who, acting as an agent, is given written authorization by another person to transact business for him (her) out of court.
• Authority: means the Virginia Resources Authority created in Chapter 21 of Title 62. See Virginia Code 10.1-603.16
• Authority: means the Virginia Resources Authority. See Virginia Code 10.1-603.24
• Authority: means the Virginia Resources Authority created in Chapter 21 of Title 62. See Virginia Code 10.1-603.28
• Authority: means the Virginia Resources Authority. See Virginia Code 10.1-1230
• Authority: means the Virginia Recreational Facilities Authority. See Virginia Code 10.1-1600
• Authority: means the Virginia Public School Authority. See Virginia Code 22.1-162
• Authorized condemnor: means a condemnor that is specifically authorized by law to acquire property through the use of the procedure set forth in this chapter. See Virginia Code 25.1-300
• Authorized shares: means the shares of all classes a domestic or foreign corporation is authorized to issue. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Bail: Security given for the release of a criminal defendant or witness from legal custody (usually in the form of money) to secure his/her appearance on the day and time appointed.
• Bail bondsman: means any person who is licensed by the Department who engages in the business of bail bonding and is thereby authorized to conduct business in all courts of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 9.1-185
• Bail recovery: means an act whereby a person arrests a bailee with the object of surrendering the bailee to the appropriate court, jail, or police department, for the purpose of discharging the bailee's surety from liability on his bond. See Virginia Code 9.1-186
• Bailee: means a person who has been released on bail, and who is or has been subject to a bond, as defined in § 19. See Virginia Code 9.1-186
• Bailee: means the person who by a warehouse receipt, bill of lading or other document acknowledges possession of goods and contracts to deliver them. See Virginia Code 8.7-102
• Balanced budget: A budget in which receipts equal outlays.
• Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
• Base station: means a station that includes a structure that currently supports or houses an antenna, transceiver, coaxial cables, power cables, or other associated equipment at a specific site that is authorized to communicate with mobile stations, generally consisting of radio transceivers, antennas, coaxial cables, power supplies, and other associated electronics. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.3
• Base year: means the most recent fiscal year for which comparable data are available for: (i) population estimates by the Center for Public Service or the United States Bureau of the Census, adjusted for annexation as determined by the Department, (ii) actual state expenditures for salaries and expenses of sheriffs as reported by the Compensation Board, (iii) number of persons eligible for Temporary Assistance to Needy Families as defined in § 63. See Virginia Code 9.1-165
• Baseline: Projection of the receipts, outlays, and other budget amounts that would ensue in the future without any change in existing policy. Baseline projections are used to gauge the extent to which proposed legislation, if enacted into law, would alter current spending and revenue levels.
• Basic service tier: means the service tier that includes (i) the retransmission of local television broadcast channels and (ii) public, educational, and governmental channels required to be carried in the basic tier. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.19
• Battlefield preservation organization: means a private nonprofit organization whose primary purpose is the preservation of one or more historical battlefields, including a battlefield property as defined in § 10. See Virginia Code 10.1-2300
• Battlefield property: means any real property in the Commonwealth that is listed in the Report on the Nation's Civil War Battlefields by the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission (Civil War Sites Advisory Commission/National Park Service, 1993, as amended); the Report to Congress on the Historic Preservation of Revolutionary War and War of 1812 Sites in the United States by the American Battlefield Protection Program of the National Park Service (U. See Virginia Code 10.1-2200
• Bed-and-breakfast operation: means a residential-type establishment that provides (i) two or more rental accommodations for transient guests and food service to a maximum of 18 transient guests on any single day for five or more days in any calendar year or (ii) at least one rental accommodation for transient guests and food service to a maximum of 18 transient guests on any single day for 30 or more days in any calendar year. See Virginia Code 35.1-1
• Behavioral health: means the full range of mental health and substance abuse services. See Virginia Code 30-401
• Behavioral health service system: means those public and private providers, including state and local government agencies and entities, engaged in the development, delivery, coordination, monitoring, oversight, and financing of behavioral health services in the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 30-401
• Beneficial owner: means any person who, directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, or understanding, other than a revocable proxy, has or shares the power to vote, or to direct the voting of, shares; except that a member of a national securities exchange is not deemed to be a beneficial owner of securities held directly or indirectly by it on behalf of another person solely because the member is the record holder of the securities if the member is precluded by the rules of the exchange from voting without instruction on contested matters or matters that may affect substantially the rights or privileges of the holders of the securities to be voted. See Virginia Code 13.1-729
• Beneficial ownership: means the sole or shared power to dispose or direct the disposition of shares, or the sole or shared power to vote or direct the voting of shares, or the sole or shared power to acquire shares, including any such power that is not immediately exercisable, whether such power is direct or indirect or through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise. See Virginia Code 13.1-728.1
• Beneficial shareholder: means a person that owns the beneficial interest in shares, which may be a record shareholder or a person on whose behalf shares are registered in the name of an intermediary as nominee. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Beneficial shareholder: means a person who is the beneficial owner of shares held in a voting trust or by a nominee on the beneficial owner's behalf. See Virginia Code 13.1-729
• Beneficial use: means a use that is of benefit as a substitute for natural or commercial products and does not contribute to adverse effects on health or the environment. See Virginia Code 10.1-1414
• Beneficiation facility: means a facility that uses methods including sorting by color, removal of contaminants, crushing, grinding, screening, grading, and monitoring of size and quality to produce clean, crushed glass cullet that satisfies the specifications of the end user of the cullet, including a manufacturer of glass containers or fiberglass. See Virginia Code 10.1-1414
• Benefit corporation: means a corporation organized pursuant to the provisions of this chapter:

  1. See Virginia Code 13.1-782

• Benefit enforcement proceeding: means any claim or action brought directly by a benefit corporation, or derivatively on behalf of a benefit corporation, against a director or officer for (i) failure to pursue the general public benefit purpose of the benefit corporation or any specific public benefit purpose set forth in its articles of incorporation or bylaws or otherwise adopted by its board of directors or (ii) a violation of a duty or standard of conduct under this article. See Virginia Code 13.1-782
• Biological nutrient removal technology: means technology that will typically achieve at least an 8 mg/L total nitrogen concentration or at least a 1 mg/L total phosphorus concentration in effluent discharges. See Virginia Code 10.1-2117
• Board: means the Board of Health. See Virginia Code 32.1-276.3
• Board: means the Board of Historic Resources. See Virginia Code 10.1-2200
• Board: means the Board of Medical Assistance Services. See Virginia Code 32.1-343
• Board: means the Board of Medical Assistance Services. See Virginia Code 32.1-353.2
• Board: means the Board of Trustees of the Foundation appointed pursuant to § 32. See Virginia Code 32.1-354
• Board: means the State Board of Elections. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Board: means the Board of Directors of the Virginia Resources Authority. See Virginia Code 10.1-603.16
• Board: means the Virginia Soil and Water Conservation Board. See Virginia Code 10.1-500
• Board: means the Soil and Water Conservation Board. See Virginia Code 10.1-604
• Board: means the State Air Pollution Control Board. See Virginia Code 10.1-1300
• Board: means the Virginia Soil and Water Conservation Board. See Virginia Code 10.1-636
• Board: means the Criminal Justice Services Board. See Virginia Code 9.1-101
• Board: means the Virginia Waste Management Board. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Board: means the Board of Conservation and Recreation. See Virginia Code 10.1-705
• Board: means the Board of Conservation and Recreation. See Virginia Code 10.1-400
• Board: means the Cave Board. See Virginia Code 10.1-1000
• Board: means the Criminal Justice Services Board. See Virginia Code 9.1-185
• Board: means the board of directors of the Authority. See Virginia Code 10.1-1600
• Board: means the Virginia Board of Education. See Virginia Code 22.1-319
• Board: means the State Water Control Board. See Virginia Code 10.1-2123
• Board: means the Board of Housing and Community Development. See Virginia Code 27-95
• Board of Commissioners: means the Board of Commissioners of the Authority. See Virginia Code 22.1-162
• Board of directors: means the group of persons vested with the management of the business of the corporation irrespective of the name by which such group is designated, and "director" means a member of the board of directors. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Body determining just compensation: means a panel of commissioners empaneled pursuant to § 25. See Virginia Code 25.1-100
• Body-worn camera system: means the same as that term is defined in § 15. See Virginia Code 9.1-193
• Bona fide prospective purchaser: means a person or a tenant of a person who acquires ownership, or proposes to acquire ownership, of real property after the release of hazardous substances occurred. See Virginia Code 10.1-1230
• Bond with surety: includes the payment in cash of the full amount of the required bond and, in such case, no surety shall be required. See Virginia Code 1-205
• Bonds: means notes, bonds, certificates and other evidences of indebtedness or obligations of the Authority. See Virginia Code 10.1-1600
• Brand: means the name, symbol, logo, trademark, or other information that identifies a product rather than the components of the product. See Virginia Code 10.1-1425.27
• Brownfield: means real property; the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant. See Virginia Code 10.1-1230
• Buyer: means a person who buys or contracts to buy goods. See Virginia Code 8.2-103
• Cable operator: means any person or group of persons that (i) provides cable service over a cable system and directly or through one or more affiliates owns a significant interest in such cable system or (ii) otherwise controls or is responsible for, through any arrangement, the management and operation of a cable system. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.19
• Cable service: means the one-way transmission to subscribers of (i) video programming or (ii) other programming service, and subscriber interaction, if any, which is required for the selection or use of such video programming or other programming service. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.19
• Cable television service: means (i) the one-way transmission to subscribers of video programming or other programming service; and (ii) subscriber interaction, if any, that is required for the selection or use of the video programming or other programming service. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.2
• Campground: means any area, place, parcel, or tract of land, by whatever name called, on which three or more campsites are occupied or intended for occupancy, or facilities are established or maintained, wholly or in part, for the accommodation of camping units for periods of overnight or longer, whether the use of the campsites and facilities is granted gratuitously, or by rental fee, lease, or conditional sale, or by covenants, restrictions, and easements, including any travel trailer camp, recreation camp, family campground, camping resort, or camping community. See Virginia Code 35.1-1
• Camping and recreational facilities: means camp sites, cabins, lodges, halls, tent camps, trailer camps, public and park lands, as well as equipment, structures and roads which are appurtenant to and useful in connection with state parks including, but not limited to sanitary and utility services, restaurants, cafeterias, stables, horses and riding equipment, bathing beaches, boathouses, boats, conference facilities, sightseeing facilities, sports facilities, bridges, access highways, and all incidental rights, easements, equipment and structures now under the control of the Department or acquired, constructed, enlarged or improved under the provisions of this chapter. See Virginia Code 10.1-300
• Camping unit: means any device or vehicular type structure for use as temporary living quarters or shelter during periods of recreation, vacation, leisure time, or travel, including any tent, tent trailer, travel trailer, camping trailer, pickup camper, or motor home. See Virginia Code 35.1-1
• Capital: means the sum of share accounts, reserves, and undivided earnings of a credit union. See Virginia Code 6.2-1300
• Capital costs: means all costs of providing a service that are capitalized in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.2
• Carrier: means a person that issues a bill of lading. See Virginia Code 8.7-102
• Case law: The law as laid down in cases that have been decided in the decisions of the courts.
• Caucus: From the Algonquian Indian language, a caucus meant "to meet together." An informal organization of members of the legislature that exists to discuss issues of mutual concern and possibly to perform legislative research and policy planning for its members. There are regional, political or ideological, ethnic, and economic-based caucuses.
• cave: includes or is synonymous with cavern, sinkhole, natural pit, grotto, and rock shelter. See Virginia Code 10.1-1000
• Cave life: means any rare or endangered animal or other life form which normally occurs in, uses, visits, or inhabits any cave or subterranean water system. See Virginia Code 10.1-1000
• Census data: means the population data received from the United States Bureau of the Census pursuant to P. See Virginia Code 30-391
• Center: means the Virginia Center for Coal and Energy Research. See Virginia Code 10.1-1332
• Central station dispatcher: means an individual who monitors burglar alarm signal devices, burglar alarms or any other electrical, mechanical or electronic device used (i) to prevent or detect burglary, theft, shoplifting, pilferage or similar losses; (ii) to prevent or detect intrusion; or (iii) primarily to summon aid for other emergencies. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Certificate: means a certificate issued by a judge on or before June 30, 2005, pursuant to former § 19. See Virginia Code 9.1-185
• Certificate: includes a certificate of deposit and a certificate of take. See Virginia Code 25.1-300
• Certificate of deposit: means a certificate filed by an authorized condemnor with the court wherein condemnation proceedings are pending or are to be instituted, stating that any sum or sums designated therein shall be paid pursuant to the order of the court, and which is filed in lieu of the payment of funds into court as provided in subdivision A 2 of § 25. See Virginia Code 25.1-300
• Certificate of take: means a certificate recorded by an authorized condemnor with the court wherein condemnation proceedings are pending or are to be instituted, in connection with which the authorized condemnor has deposited funds with the court as provided in subdivision A 1 of § 25. See Virginia Code 25.1-300
• Certificated provider of telecommunications services: means a person holding a certificate issued by the State Corporation Commission to provide local exchange telephone service. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.19
• Certification: means the method of regulation indicating that qualified persons have met the minimum requirements as private security services training schools, private security services instructors, compliance agents, or certified detector canine handler examiners. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Certified food protection manager: means a person who has demonstrated proficiency in food safety issues, regulations, and techniques in maintaining a safe-food environment by passing a test and receiving a certification as part of a program that is accredited by the Board. See Virginia Code 35.1-1
• certified mail: means electronically certified or postal certified mail, except that this provision shall apply only to the mailing of plan approvals, permits, or certificates issued under the provisions of this chapter and those of the Air Pollution Control Law (§ 10. See Virginia Code 10.1-1183
• Certified nursing facility: means any skilled nursing facility, skilled care facility, intermediate care facility, nursing or nursing care facility, or nursing home, whether freestanding or a portion of a freestanding medical care facility, that is certified for participation as a Medicare or Medicaid provider, or both, pursuant to Title XVIII and Title XIX of the United States Social Security Act, as amended, and § 32. See Virginia Code 32.1-353.2
• Certified prescribed burn manager: means any person who has successfully completed a certification process established by the State Forester under § 10. See Virginia Code 10.1-1150.1
• Chambers: A judge's office.
• Charity: An agency, institution, or organization in existence and operating for the benefit of an indefinite number of persons and conducted for educational, religious, scientific, medical, or other beneficent purposes.
• Chesapeake Bay Agreement: means the Chesapeake Bay Agreement of 2000 and any amendments thereto. See Virginia Code 10.1-2117
• Chief judge: The judge who has primary responsibility for the administration of a court but also decides cases; chief judges are determined by seniority.
• City: means any city or town in the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• City: includes all cities chartered under the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 10.1-500
• Civil forfeiture: The loss of ownership of property used to conduct illegal activity.
• Cloning: means the production of a precise genetic copy of a molecule, including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), or of chromosomes. See Virginia Code 32.1-162.21
• Co-locate: means to install, mount, maintain, modify, operate, or replace a wireless facility on, under, within, or adjacent to a base station, building, existing structure, utility pole, or wireless support structure. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.3
• Code: means the Statewide Fire Prevention Code. See Virginia Code 27-95
• Code provisions: means the provisions of the Fire Prevention Code as adopted and promulgated by the Board, and the amendments thereof as adopted and promulgated from time to time by such Board. See Virginia Code 27-95
• Collaborative law communication: means a statement, whether oral or in a record, or verbal or nonverbal, that (i) is made to conduct, participate in, continue, or reconvene a collaborative law process and (ii) occurs after the parties sign a collaborative law participation agreement and before the collaborative law process is concluded. See Virginia Code 20-168
• Collaborative law participation agreement: means an agreement by persons to participate in a collaborative law process. See Virginia Code 20-168
• Collaborative law process: means a procedure intended to resolve a collaborative matter without intervention by a tribunal in which persons sign a collaborative law participation agreement and are represented by collaborative lawyers. See Virginia Code 20-168
• Collaborative lawyer: means a lawyer who represents a party in a collaborative law process. See Virginia Code 20-168
• Collaborative matter: means a dispute, transaction, claim, problem, or issue for resolution that is described in a collaborative law participation agreement and that is between family or household members or arises under the family or domestic relations laws of the Commonwealth, including (i) marriage, divorce, dissolution, annulment, and property distribution; (ii) child custody, visitation, and parenting time; (iii) alimony, spousal support, maintenance, and child support; (iv) adoption; (v) parentage; and (vi) negotiation or enforcement of premarital, marital, and separation agreements. See Virginia Code 20-168
• Collective reserve account: means an account on the corporate books representing the worker cooperative's entire net book value minus balances in any other equity accounts. See Virginia Code 13.1-346
• College partnership laboratory school: means a public, nonsectarian, nonreligious school in the Commonwealth established by a public institution of higher education; public higher education center, institute, or authority; or an eligible institution as defined in § 23. See Virginia Code 22.1-349.1
• Collegial body: means a governmental entity whose power or authority is vested within its membership. See Virginia Code 1-209
• Commercial unit: means such a unit of goods as by commercial usage is a single whole for purposes of lease and division of which materially impairs its character or value on the market or in use. See Virginia Code 8.2A-103
• Commission: means the State Corporation Commission of Virginia. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Commission: means the State Corporation Commission of Virginia. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Commission: means the Public-Private Partnership Advisory Commission. See Virginia Code 30-278
• Commission: means the Intercollegiate Athletics Review Commission. See Virginia Code 30-359
• Commission: means the Virginia Redistricting Commission established pursuant to this chapter. See Virginia Code 30-391
• Commission: means the Behavioral Health Commission. See Virginia Code 30-401
• Commissioner: means the State Health Commissioner. See Virginia Code 35.1-1
• Committee: means the Brown v. See Virginia Code 30-231.01
• Committee: means the Redistricting Commission Selection Committee established pursuant to § 30-393. See Virginia Code 30-391
• Common data layout: means the national data collection standard adopted and maintained by the APCD Council. See Virginia Code 32.1-276.3
• Common interest community: means a condominium, cooperative, or other real property with respect to which a person, by virtue of the person's ownership of a parcel of real property, is obligated to pay property taxes or insurance premiums, for maintenance or improvement of other real property described in a recorded covenant that creates the common interest community. See Virginia Code 10.1-1238
• Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
• Community care team: means the same as that term is defined in § 37. See Virginia Code 9.1-193
• Compensation: means payment of any valuable consideration for services in excess of reasonable medical and ancillary costs. See Virginia Code 20-156
• Compliance agent: means an individual who owns or is employed by a licensed private security services business to ensure the compliance of the private security services business with this title. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Composting: means the manipulation of the natural aerobic process of decomposition of organic materials to increase the rate of decomposition. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Comprehensive agreement: means the same as the term is defined in the Public-Private Education Facilities and Infrastructure Act of 2002 (§ 56-575. See Virginia Code 30-278
• Comprehensive crisis system: means the same as that term is defined in § 37. See Virginia Code 9.1-193
• Computer equipment: means a desktop or notebook computer and may include a computer monitor or other display device. See Virginia Code 10.1-1425.27
• Computer or digital forensic services: means the use of highly specialized expertise for the recovery, authentication, and analysis of electronic data or computer usage. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Concurrent resolution: A legislative measure, designated "S. Con. Res." and numbered consecutively upon introduction, generally employed to address the sentiments of both chambers, to deal with issues or matters affecting both houses, such as a concurrent budget resolution, or to create a temporary joint committee. Concurrent resolutions are not submitted to the President/Governor and thus do not have the force of law.
• condemnor: includes a state agency. See Virginia Code 25.1-100
• Conditional zoning: means , as part of classifying land within a locality into areas and districts by legislative action, the allowing of reasonable conditions governing the use of such property, such conditions being in addition to, or modification of the regulations provided for a particular zoning district or zone by the overall zoning ordinance. See Virginia Code 15.2-2201
• Conference committee: A temporary, ad hoc panel composed of conferees from both chamber of a legislature which is formed for the purpose of reconciling differences in legislation that has passed both chambers. Conference committees are usually convened to resolve bicameral differences on major and controversial legislation.
• Conservation easement: means a nonpossessory interest of a holder in real property, whether easement appurtenant or in gross, acquired through gift, purchase, devise, or bequest imposing limitations or affirmative obligations, the purposes of which include retaining or protecting natural or open-space values of real property, assuring its availability for agricultural, forestal, recreational, or open-space use, protecting natural resources, maintaining or enhancing air or water quality, or preserving the historical, architectural or archaeological aspects of real property. See Virginia Code 10.1-1009
• Conspicuous: means so written, displayed, or presented that a reasonable person against whom the writing is to operate should have noticed it. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Conspicuous: means so written, displayed, or presented that a reasonable person against whom the writing is to operate should have noticed it. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Constitutional officer: means an officer provided for pursuant to Article VII, § 4 of the Constitution. See Virginia Code 15.2-102
• Construction: means the construction of a new impounding structure. See Virginia Code 10.1-604
• Construction project: means any land-disturbing activity that involves construction of infrastructure, including interstate highways, pipelines, or energy generation and transmission facilities. See Virginia Code 10.1-1181.13
• Consumer: means any person (i) whose occupation is other than the administration of health activities or the provision of health services, (ii) who has no fiduciary obligation to a health care institution or other health agency or to any organization, public or private, whose principal activity is an adjunct to the provision of health services, or (iii) who has no material financial interest in the rendering of health services. See Virginia Code 32.1-276.3
• Consumer: means an individual who uses computer equipment that is purchased primarily for personal or home business use. See Virginia Code 10.1-1425.27
• Consumer lease: means a lease that a lessor regularly engaged in the business of leasing or selling makes to a lessee who is an individual and who takes under the lease primarily for a personal, family, or household purpose. See Virginia Code 8.2A-103
• container: means all packages or containers intended or used to contain solids, liquids or materials and so designated. See Virginia Code 10.1-1414
• Continual accelerated erosion: means a rapid increase in the erosion rate of stream banks caused by loss of vegetation, diversion of water by constrictions, undermining, and other resultant effects of severe floods. See Virginia Code 10.1-650
• Contract for sale: includes both a present sale of goods and a contract to sell goods at a future time. See Virginia Code 8.2-106
• Contractual services: means any telephone, telegraph, postal, electric light and power service and other similar services. See Virginia Code 15.2-1234
• control: shall mean the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct or to cause the direction of the management or policies of a person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract, arrangement or understanding, or otherwise. See Virginia Code 13.1-728.1
• Control share acquisition: means the direct or indirect acquisition, other than in an excepted acquisition, by any person of beneficial ownership of shares of a public corporation that, except for this article, would have voting rights and would, when added to all other shares of such public corporation which then have voting rights and are beneficially owned by such person, would cause such person to become entitled, immediately upon acquisition of such shares, to vote or direct the vote of, shares having voting power within any of the following ranges of the votes entitled to be cast in an election of directors: (i) one-fifth or more but less than one-third of such votes; (ii) one-third or more but less than a majority of such votes; or (iii) a majority or more of such votes. See Virginia Code 13.1-728.1
• Conversion: means a transaction pursuant to this article. See Virginia Code 13.1-722.8
• Converted entity: means the converting entity as it continues in existence after a conversion. See Virginia Code 13.1-722.8
• Converting entity: means the domestic corporation or eligible entity that approves a plan of conversion pursuant to § 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-722.8
• Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
• Corporate action: means any action taken by or on behalf of the corporation, including any action taken by the incorporator, the board of directors, a committee, an officer or agent of the corporation, or the shareholders. See Virginia Code 13.1-614.1
• Corporate credit union: means a credit union whose field of membership consists primarily of other credit unions. See Virginia Code 6.2-1300
• Corporation: means the Tobacco Settlement Financing Corporation as created under state law. See Virginia Code 32.1-354
• Corporation: includes any corporation and any domestic or foreign predecessor entity of a corporation in a merger or other transaction in which the predecessor's existence ceased upon consummation of the transaction. See Virginia Code 13.1-696
• Corporation: means the domestic corporation that is the issuer of the shares held by a shareholder demanding appraisal and, for matters covered by §§ 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-729
• Cost: includes , in addition to all labor, materials, machinery and equipment for construction, (i) acquisition of land, rights-of-way, property rights, easements and interests, including the costs of moving or relocating utilities, (ii) demolition or removal of any structure on land so acquired, including acquisition of land to which such structure may be moved, (iii) survey, engineering, and architectural expenses, (iv) legal, administrative, and other related expenses, and (v) interest charges and other financing costs if impact fees are used for the payment of principal and interest on bonds, notes or other obligations issued by the locality to finance the road improvement. See Virginia Code 15.2-2318
• Cost: includes , without limitation, all necessary developmental, planning, and feasibility studies, surveys, plans and specifications, architectural, engineering, financial, legal, or other special services, the cost of acquisition of land and any buildings and improvements thereon, including the discharge of any obligations of the sellers of such land, buildings, or improvements, site preparation and development, including demolition or removal of existing structures, construction and reconstruction, labor, materials, machinery and equipment, the reasonable costs of financing incurred in the course of the development of the project, carrying charges incurred before placing the project in service, interest on funds borrowed to finance the project to a date subsequent to the estimated date the project is to be placed in service, necessary expenses incurred in connection with placing the project in service, the funding of accounts and reserves that the Authority may require, and the cost of other items that the Authority determines to be reasonable and necessary. See Virginia Code 10.1-603.28
• Cost of camping and recreational facilities: means the purchase price, the cost of construction, the cost of all lands, properties, rights, easements and franchises acquired for construction, enlargements or improvements, reserve funds for the payment of principal or interest on the bonds, interest during construction of the enlargements or improvements, engineering and legal expenses, cost of plans, specifications, surveys, estimates of cost and of revenues, expenses for determining the feasibility or practicability of the enterprise, administrative expense, and other expenses necessary or incident to the financing and operation of any authorized project. See Virginia Code 10.1-300
• Counterclaim: A claim that a defendant makes against a plaintiff.
• County: means any county in the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• County: includes towns. See Virginia Code 10.1-500
• Courier: means any armed person who transports or offers to transport from one place to another documents or other papers, negotiable or nonnegotiable instruments, or other small items of value that require expeditious services. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Courts of record: means the Supreme Court of Virginia, the Court of Appeals of Virginia, and the circuit courts. See Virginia Code 1-212
• Covered lives: means subscribers, policyholders, members, enrollees, or dependents, as the case may be, under a policy or contract issued or issued for delivery in Virginia by a managed care health insurance plan licensee, insurer, health services plan, or preferred provider organization. See Virginia Code 32.1-276.3
• Credit union service organization: means any organization, corporation, or association, if (i) the membership or ownership, as the case may be, of such organization, corporation, or association is primarily confined or restricted to credit unions or organizations of credit unions and (ii) the purpose for which such organization, corporation, or association is organized is to strengthen or advance the development of credit unions or credit union organizations. See Virginia Code 6.2-1300
• Creditor process: means all methods used by creditors to collect unsecured debts. See Virginia Code 34-1
• Criminal history record information: means records and data collected by criminal justice agencies on adult individuals consisting of identifiable descriptions and notations of arrests, detentions, indictments, informations, or other formal charges, and any disposition arising therefrom. See Virginia Code 9.1-101
• Criminal justice agency: includes any program certified by the Commission on VASAP pursuant to § 18. See Virginia Code 9.1-101
• Criminal justice information system: means a system including the equipment, facilities, procedures, agreements, and organizations thereof, for the collection, processing, preservation, or dissemination of criminal history record information. See Virginia Code 9.1-101
• Cross subsidize: means to pay a cost included in the direct costs or indirect costs of providing a service that is not accounted for in the full cost of accounting of providing the service. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.2
• Cryopreservation: means freezing and storing of gametes and embryos for possible future use in assisted conception. See Virginia Code 20-156
• Dam break inundation zone: means the area downstream of a dam that would be inundated or otherwise directly affected by the failure of a dam. See Virginia Code 10.1-604
• dam or other structure: means any structure extending from bank to bank of a river that will interfere with the normal movement of waterborne traffic, interfere with the normal movement of fish or wildlife, raise the water level on the upstream side of the structure, or lower the water level on the downstream side of the structure. See Virginia Code 10.1-407
• Dam owner: means the owner of the land on which a dam is situated, the holder of an easement permitting the construction of a dam and any person or entity agreeing to maintain a dam. See Virginia Code 10.1-603.16
• Date of the defective corporate action: means the date, or the approximate date if the exact date is unknown, the defective corporate action was purported to have been taken. See Virginia Code 13.1-614.1
• Date of valuation: means the time of the lawful taking by the petitioner, or the date of the filing of the petition pursuant to § 25. See Virginia Code 25.1-100
• Debt: means a legally enforceable monetary obligation or liability of any individual whether arising out of a contract or otherwise, but not an obligation resulting from an intentional tort. See Virginia Code 34-1
• Defective corporate action: means (i) any corporate action purportedly taken that is, and at the time such corporate action was purportedly taken would have been, within the power of the corporation, but is void or voidable due to a failure of authorization, or (ii) an over-issuance of shares. See Virginia Code 13.1-614.1
• Defense attorney: Represent defendants in criminal matters.
• delivery: means any method of delivery used in conventional commercial practice, including delivery by hand, mail, commercial delivery, and, if authorized in accordance with § 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• delivery: means any method of delivery used in conventional commercial practice, including delivery by hand, mail, commercial delivery, and, if authorized in accordance with § 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Delivery order: means a record that contains an order to deliver goods directed to a warehouseman, carrier or other person who in the ordinary course of business issues warehouse receipts or bills of lading. See Virginia Code 8.7-102
• Department: means the Department of Transportation. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.3
• Department: means the Department of Conservation and Recreation. See Virginia Code 10.1-100
• Department: means the Department of Historic Resources. See Virginia Code 10.1-2200
• Department: means the State Department of Health. See Virginia Code 32.1-3
• Department: means the Department of Conservation and Recreation. See Virginia Code 10.1-603.16
• Department: means the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation. See Virginia Code 10.1-603.24
• Department: means the Department of Environmental Quality. See Virginia Code 10.1-1182
• Department: means the Department of Conservation and Recreation. See Virginia Code 10.1-603.28
• Department: means the Department of Environmental Quality. See Virginia Code 10.1-1300
• Department: means the Department of Criminal Justice Services. See Virginia Code 9.1-101
• Department: means the Department of Environmental Quality. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Department: means the Department of Conservation and Recreation. See Virginia Code 10.1-400
• Department: means the Department of Education. See Virginia Code 22.1-1
• Department: means the Department of Criminal Justice Services. See Virginia Code 9.1-185
• Department: means the Department of Environmental Quality. See Virginia Code 10.1-1230
• Department: means the Department of Environmental Quality. See Virginia Code 10.1-1238
• Department: means the State Department of Health. See Virginia Code 35.1-1
• Department: means the Department of Education. See Virginia Code 22.1-319
• Department: means the Department of Environmental Quality. See Virginia Code 10.1-2120
• Department: means the Department of Environmental Quality. See Virginia Code 10.1-2123
• Depolymerization: means a manufacturing process in which post-use polymers are broken into smaller molecules, including monomers and oligomers; raw, intermediate, or final products; plastics and chemical feedstocks; basic and unfinished chemicals; crude oil; naphtha; liquid transportation fuels; waxes; lubricants; coatings; and other products. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Derivative proceeding: means a civil suit in the right of a domestic corporation or, to the extent provided in Article 8. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Detector canine: means any dog that detects drugs or explosives. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Detector canine handler: means any individual who uses a detector canine in the performance of private security duties. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• development: means the replenishment and restoration of existing public beaches. See Virginia Code 10.1-705
• Development: means a tract of land developed or to be developed as a unit under single ownership or unified control which is to be used for any business or industrial purpose or is to contain three or more residential dwelling units. See Virginia Code 15.2-2201
• Development rights: includes "transferable development rights. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.1
• Developmental services: means the same as that term is defined in § 37. See Virginia Code 9.1-193
• DHCD: means the Department of Housing and Community Development. See Virginia Code 10.1-1329
• Diameter: means the distance through a tree at the point of average thickness as measured from outside of bark to outside of bark at a point on a trunk ten inches above the general ground level. See Virginia Code 10.1-1162
• Direct costs: means those expenses of a municipality that are directly attributable to providing a cable television service and would be eliminated if such service were not provided by the municipality. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.2
• Director: means the Director of the Department of Conservation and Recreation. See Virginia Code 10.1-100
• Director: means the Director of the Department of Historic Resources. See Virginia Code 10.1-2200
• Director: means the Director of the Department of Medical Assistance Services. See Virginia Code 32.1-343
• Director: means the Director of the Department of Medical Assistance Services. See Virginia Code 32.1-353.2
• Director: means the director of the Foundation appointed pursuant to § 32. See Virginia Code 32.1-354
• Director: means the Director of the Department of Conservation and Recreation. See Virginia Code 10.1-603.16
• Director: means the Director of the Department of Environmental Quality. See Virginia Code 10.1-1182
• Director: means the Director of the Department of Environmental Quality. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Director: means the Director of the Department of Conservation and Recreation. See Virginia Code 10.1-400
• Director: means the Director of the Department of Environmental Quality. See Virginia Code 10.1-1230
• Director: means the Director of the Department of Environmental Quality. See Virginia Code 10.1-2120
• Director: means the Director of the Department of Environmental Quality. See Virginia Code 10.1-2123
• Disclosure statement: means a sworn statement or affirmation, in such form as may be required by the Director, which includes:

  1. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400

• Disinterested director: means a director who, at the time action is to be taken under § 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Disinterested director: means , except with respect to Article 14 (§ 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Disposal: means the discharge, deposit, injection, dumping, spilling, leaking, or placing of any solid waste into or on any land or water so that such solid waste or any constituent thereof may enter the environment or be emitted into the air or discharged into any waters, including ground waters. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Disposition: means the burial, interment, entombment, cremation, or other authorized disposition of a dead body permitted by law. See Virginia Code 32.1-309.1
• Disposition of assets: means any action undertaken by a nonprofit entity to dispose of control of all or substantially all of its assets pursuant to an agreement of sale, transfer, lease, exchange, option, joint venture, or partnership, or to convert to a for-profit entity or to otherwise restructure the nonprofit entity or its assets, resulting in a change in control or governance of the entity or assets. See Virginia Code 32.1-373
• Dissemination: means any transfer of information, whether orally, in writing, or by electronic means. See Virginia Code 9.1-101
• Distribution: means a direct or indirect transfer of cash or other property, except the corporation's own shares, or incurrence of indebtedness by a corporation to or for the benefit of its shareholders in respect of any of its shares. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Distribution formula: means that linear equation derived biennially by the Department, using standard statistical procedures, which best predicts average crime rates in all cities and eligible counties in the Commonwealth on the basis of the following factors in their simplest form:

  1. See Virginia Code 9.1-165

• Distributor: means any person who takes title to products or packaging purchased for resale. See Virginia Code 10.1-1425.21
• District director: means a member of the governing body of a district authorized to serve as a director. See Virginia Code 10.1-500
• Division superintendent: means the division superintendent of schools of a school division. See Virginia Code 22.1-1
• Document: means (i) any tangible medium on which information is inscribed, and includes any writing or written instrument, or (ii) an electronic record. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Document: means (i) any tangible medium on which information is inscribed, and includes handwritten, typed, printed, or similar instruments and copies of such instruments, or (ii) an electronic record. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Document: means document of title as defined in the general definitions in Title 8. See Virginia Code 8.7-102
• DOE: means the Department of Energy. See Virginia Code 10.1-1329
• domestic corporation: means a corporation not authorized by law to issue shares, irrespective of the nature of the business to be transacted, organized under this chapter or existing pursuant to the laws of the Commonwealth on January 1, 1986, or that, by virtue of articles of incorporation, amendment, or merger, has become a domestic corporation of the Commonwealth, even though also being a corporation organized under laws other than the laws of the Commonwealth or that has become a domestic corporation of the Commonwealth pursuant to Article 11. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• domestic corporation: means a corporation authorized by law to issue shares, irrespective of the nature of the business to be transacted, organized under this chapter or existing pursuant to the laws of the Commonwealth on January 1, 1986, or which, by virtue of articles of incorporation, amendment, or merger, has become a domestic corporation of the Commonwealth, even though also being a corporation organized under laws other than the laws of the Commonwealth, or that has become a domestic corporation of the Commonwealth pursuant to Article 12. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Domestic partnership: means an association of two or more persons to carry on as co-owners of a business for profit formed under § 50-73. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Domestic partnership: means an association of two or more persons to carry on as co-owners a business for profit formed under § 50-73. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• domestic unincorporated entity: means a domestic partnership, limited liability company, limited partnership, or business trust. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Domesticated corporation: means the domesticating corporation as it continues in existence after a domestication. See Virginia Code 13.1-722.1:1
• Domesticating corporation: means the domestic corporation that approves a plan of domestication pursuant to § 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-722.1:1
• Domestication: means a transaction pursuant to this article, including domestication of a foreign corporation as a domestic corporation or domestication of a domestic corporation in another jurisdiction, where the other jurisdiction authorizes such a transaction even if by another name. See Virginia Code 13.1-722.1:1
• Donee: The recipient of a gift.
• Donor: means an individual, other than a surrogate, who contributes the sperm or egg used in assisted conception. See Virginia Code 20-156
• Draft: means a draft as defined in § 8. See Virginia Code 8.4-104
• Drawee: means a person ordered in a draft to make payment;

  (9) "Item" means an instrument or a promise or order to pay money handled by a bank for collection or payment. See Virginia Code 8.4-104

• Dual enrollment: means the concurrent enrollment of a scholarship recipient in an adult education program for the high school diploma and a public or private accredited two-year or four-year Virginia institution of higher education. See Virginia Code 30-231.01
• Due notice: means notice published at least twice, with an interval of at least seven days between the two publication dates, in a newspaper or other publication of general circulation within the appropriate area, or if no such publication of general circulation is available, by posting at a reasonable number of conspicuous places within the appropriate area. See Virginia Code 10.1-500
• Economically mixed project: means residential housing or housing development, which may consist of one or more buildings located on contiguous or noncontiguous parcels that the HDA determines to finance as a single economically mixed project, to be occupied by persons and families of low and moderate income and by other persons and families as the HDA shall determine. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Educational agency: means any (i) public school in the Commonwealth, (ii) public or private accredited two-year or four-year Virginia institution of higher education that is in compliance with the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools accreditation standards for institutions and academic programs or other national or regional organization or agency recognized by the United States Secretary of Education for accrediting purposes, (iii) high school equivalency preparation program in compliance with Board of Education guidelines, (iv) College-Level Examination Program (CLEP) in compliance with the requirements of the College Board governing college level examination programs, or (v) accredited career and technical education postsecondary school in the Commonwealth, that accepts for admission recipients of the Brown v. See Virginia Code 30-231.01
• Election: means a general, primary, or special election. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Electronic: means relating to technology having electrical, digital, magnetic, wireless, optical, electromagnetic, or similar capabilities. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Electronic: means relating to technology having electrical, digital, magnetic, wireless, optical, electromagnetic, or similar capabilities. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Electronic funds transfer: The transfer of money between accounts by consumer electronic systems-such as automated teller machines (ATMs) and electronic payment of bills-rather than by check or cash. (Wire transfers, checks, drafts, and paper instruments do not fall into this category.) ^{Source: OCC}
• Electronic record: means information that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in paper form through an automated process used in conventional commercial practice, unless otherwise authorized in accordance with subsection J of § 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Electronic record: means information that is stored in an electronic or other nontangible medium and is retrievable in paper form through an automated process used in conventional commercial practice, unless otherwise authorized in accordance with subdivision A 10 of § 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Electronic security business: means any person who engages in the business of or undertakes to (i) install, service, maintain, design or consult in the design of any electronic security equipment to an end user; (ii) respond to or cause a response to electronic security equipment for an end user; or (iii) have access to confidential information concerning the design, extent, status, password, contact list, or location of an end user's electronic security equipment. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Electronic security employee: means an individual who is employed by an electronic security business in any capacity which may give him access to information concerning the design, extent, status, password, contact list, or location of an end user's electronic security equipment. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Electronic security equipment: means (i) electronic or mechanical alarm signaling devices including burglar alarms or holdup alarms used to safeguard and protect persons and property; or (ii) cameras used to detect intrusions, concealment or theft, to safeguard and protect persons and property. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Electronic security sales representative: means an individual who sells electronic security equipment on behalf of an electronic security business to the end user. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Electronic security technician: means an individual who installs, services, maintains or repairs electronic security equipment. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• electronically transmitted: means any form or process of communication, not directly involving the physical transfer of paper or other tangible medium, that (i) is suitable for the retention, retrieval, and reproduction of information by the recipient, and (ii) is retrievable in paper form by the recipient through an automated process used in conventional commercial practice, unless otherwise authorized in accordance with subsection J of § 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• electronically transmitted: means any form or process of communication, not directly involving the physical transfer of paper or another tangible medium, that (i) is suitable for the retention, retrieval, and reproduction of information by the recipient, and (ii) is retrievable in paper form by the recipient through an automated process used in conventional commercial practice, unless otherwise authorized in accordance with subdivision A 10 of § 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Elementary: includes kindergarten. See Virginia Code 22.1-1
• Eligible county: means any county which operates a police department. See Virginia Code 9.1-165
• Eligible entity: means a domestic or foreign unincorporated entity or a domestic or foreign stock corporation. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Eligible entity: means a domestic or foreign unincorporated entity or a domestic or foreign nonstock corporation. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Eligible interests: means interests or memberships. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Eligible nonsignificant discharger: means any publicly owned treatment works that is not a significant discharger but due to expansion or new construction is subject to a technology-based standard under § 62. See Virginia Code 10.1-2117
• Embryo: means the organism resulting from the union of a sperm and an ovum from first cell division until approximately the end of the second month of gestation. See Virginia Code 20-156
• Embryo transfer: means the placing of a viable embryo into the uterus of a gestational mother. See Virginia Code 20-156
• emergency program: means the Emergency Program of the Federal Insurance Administration which provides subsidized flood insurance for potential flood victims, applicable to both new and existing structures, pending completion of applicable actuarial rates which is a prerequisite for eligibility to participate in the regular program. See Virginia Code 10.1-600
• Employed: means to be in an employer/employee relationship where the employee is providing work in exchange for compensation and the employer directly controls the employee's conduct and pays some taxes on behalf of the employee. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Employee: includes , unless otherwise provided in the bylaws, an officer but not a director. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Employee: includes , unless otherwise provided in the bylaws, an officer but not a director. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• En banc: In the bench or "full bench." Refers to court sessions with the entire membership of a court participating rather than the usual quorum. U.S. courts of appeals usually sit in panels of three judges, but may expand to a larger number in certain cases. They are then said to be sitting en banc.
• End user: means any person who purchases or leases electronic security equipment for use in that person's home or business. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Endowment: means the Virginia Tobacco Settlement Foundation Endowment established pursuant to § 32. See Virginia Code 32.1-354
• Energy storage facilities: means the energy storage equipment and technology within an energy storage project that is capable of absorbing energy, storing such energy for a period of time, and redelivering such energy after it has been stored. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.6
• Energy storage facility: means energy storage equipment or technology that is capable of absorbing energy, storing such energy for a period of time, and redelivering energy after it has been stored. See Virginia Code 10.1-1197.5
• Energy storage project: means the energy storage facilities within the project site. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.6
• Enforcement agency: means the agency or agencies of any local governing body or the State Fire Marshal charged with the administration or enforcement of the Fire Prevention Code. See Virginia Code 27-95
• Enrolled bill: The final copy of a bill or joint resolution which has passed both chambers in identical form. It is printed on parchment paper, signed by appropriate officials, and submitted to the President/Governor for signature.
• Entitlement: A Federal program or provision of law that requires payments to any person or unit of government that meets the eligibility criteria established by law. Entitlements constitute a binding obligation on the part of the Federal Government, and eligible recipients have legal recourse if the obligation is not fulfilled. Social Security and veterans' compensation and pensions are examples of entitlement programs.
• Entity: includes any domestic or foreign corporation; any domestic or foreign nonstock corporation; any domestic or foreign unincorporated entity; any estate or trust; and any state, the United States and any foreign government. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Entity: means one or more persons, partnerships, unincorporated associations, corporations or other organizations entitled to hold property in its own name. See Virginia Code 13.1-776
• Entity: means any corporation, partnership, association, cooperative, limited liability company, trust, joint venture, government, political subdivision, or other legal or commercial entity. See Virginia Code 6.2-100
• Entity: includes any domestic or foreign corporation; any domestic or foreign stock corporation; any domestic or foreign unincorporated entity; any estate or trust; and any state, the United States, and any foreign government. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Entity conversion: means conversion. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Environment: means the natural, scenic, and historic attributes of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 10.1-1182
• Environmental covenant: means a servitude arising under an environmental response project that imposes activity and use limitations. See Virginia Code 10.1-1238
• Environmental justice: means the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of every person, regardless of race, color, national origin, faith, disability, or income, in the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies. See Virginia Code 10.1-1182
• Environmental response project: means a plan or work performed for environmental remediation of real property and conducted:

  1. See Virginia Code 10.1-1238

• Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
• Equity: includes both legal and equitable interests. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• ERISA plan: means any self-funded employee welfare benefit plan governed by the requirements of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, 29 U. See Virginia Code 32.1-276.3
• Erosion: means the process of destruction by the action of wind, water, or ice of the land bordering the tidal waters of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 10.1-705
• Escheat: Reversion of real or personal property to the state when 1) a person dies without leaving a will and has no heirs, or 2) when the property (such as a bank account) has been inactive for a certain period of time. ^{Source: OCC}
• Escrow: Money given to a third party to be held for payment until certain conditions are met.
• Evidence-based literacy instruction: means structured instructional practices, including sequential, systematic, explicit, and cumulative teaching, that (i) are based on reliable, trustworthy, and valid evidence consistent with science-based reading research; (ii) are used in core or general instruction, supplemental instruction, intervention services, and intensive intervention services; (iii) have a demonstrated record of success in adequately increasing students' reading competency, vocabulary, oral language, and comprehension and in building mastery of the foundational reading skills of phonological and phonemic awareness, alphabetic principle, phonics, spelling, and text reading fluency; and (iv) are able to be differentiated in order to meet the individual needs of students. See Virginia Code 22.1-1 v2
• Ex officio: Literally, by virtue of one's office.
• Ex officio: means service by virtue of one's office and includes voting privileges for ex officio members unless otherwise provided. See Virginia Code 1-215
• Excepted acquisition: means the acquisition of shares of a public corporation in any of the following circumstances:

  1. See Virginia Code 13.1-728.1

• Executive Director: means the Executive Director of the Department of Environmental Quality. See Virginia Code 10.1-1300
• Executive session: A portion of the Senate's daily session in which it considers executive business.
• Executor: A male person named in a will to carry out the decedent
• Exempt: means protected from all forms of creditor process. See Virginia Code 34-1
• Exemption: means protection from all forms of creditor process. See Virginia Code 34-1
• Existing structure: includes any structure that is currently supporting, designed to support, or capable of supporting the attachment of wireless facilities, including towers, buildings, utility poles, light poles, flag poles, signs, and water towers. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.3
• Expanded polystyrene food service container: includes plates, cups, bowls, trays, and hinged containers but does not include packaging for unprepared foods or packaging, including a cooler, used in the shipment of food. See Virginia Code 10.1-1414
• Expenses: means reasonable expenses of any kind that are incurred in connection with a matter. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Extradition: The formal process of delivering an accused or convicted person from authorities in one state to authorities in another state.
• Facility: means any structures, foundations, appurtenances, spillways, lands, easements and rights-of-way necessary to (i) store additional water for immediate or future use in feasible flood prevention sites; (ii) create the potential to store additional water by strengthening the foundations and appurtenances of structures in feasible flood prevention sites; or (iii) store water in sites not feasible for flood prevention programs, and to properly operate and maintain such stores of water or potential stores of water. See Virginia Code 10.1-636
• Failure of authorization: means the failure to authorize, approve, or otherwise effect a corporate action in compliance with the provisions of this chapter, the articles of incorporation or bylaws, a corporate resolution, or any plan or agreement to which the corporation is a party, if and to the extent such failure would render such corporate action voidable. See Virginia Code 13.1-614.1
• Fair Credit Reporting Act: A federal law, established in 1971 and revised in 1997, that gives consumers the right to see their credit records and correct any mistakes. ^{Source: OCC}
• Fair value: means the value of the corporation's shares determined:

  1. See Virginia Code 13.1-729

• farm: means any person that obtains at least 51 percent of its annual gross income from agricultural operations and produces the agricultural waste used as feedstock for the waste-to-energy technology, (ii) "agricultural waste" means biomass waste materials capable of decomposition that are produced from the raising of plants and animals during agricultural operations, including animal manures, bedding, plant stalks, hulls, and vegetable matter, and (iii) "waste-to-energy technology" means any technology, including but not limited to a methane digester, that converts agricultural waste into gas, steam, or heat that is used to generate electricity on-site. See Virginia Code 1-222.1
• Feasibility consultant: means an individual or entity with expertise in the processes and economics of providing cable television service. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.2
• Federal acts: means any act of Congress providing for waste management and regulations promulgated thereunder. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Federal agency: means the United States of America, the President of the United States of America, and any department, corporation, agency, or instrumentality created, designated, or established by the United States of America. See Virginia Code 10.1-1600
• Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation: A government corporation that insures the deposits of all national and state banks that are members of the Federal Reserve System. ^{Source: OCC}
• Federal government: means the United States of America or any agency or instrumentality, corporate or otherwise, of the United States of America. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Federal Reserve System: The central bank of the United States. The Fed, as it is commonly called, regulates the U.S. monetary and financial system. The Federal Reserve System is composed of a central governmental agency in Washington, D.C. (the Board of Governors) and twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks in major cities throughout the United States. ^{Source: OCC}
• Federally insured mortgage: means a mortgage loan for land development for residential housing or residential housing insured or guaranteed by the United States or an instrumentality thereof, or a commitment by the United States or an instrumentality thereof to insure such a mortgage. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Fee simple: Absolute title to property with no limitations or restrictions regarding the person who may inherit it.
• Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
• Fiduciary: shall include any one or more of the following:

  a. See Virginia Code 8.01-2

• Field investigation: means the study of the traces of human culture at any site by means of surveying, sampling, excavating, or removing surface or subsurface material, or going on a site with that intent. See Virginia Code 10.1-2300
• Field supervisor: means a person who is physically present at least 70 percent of the time during a field investigation, exploration, or recovery operation involving the removal, destruction, or disturbance of any object of antiquity and who directly oversees such field investigation, exploration, or recovery operation. See Virginia Code 10.1-2300
• Filing entity: means an unincorporated entity other than a general partnership. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Finance lease: means a lease with respect to which:

  (i) The lessor does not select, manufacture, or supply the goods;

  (ii) The lessor acquires the goods or the right to possession and use of the goods in connection with the lease; and

  (iii) One of the following occurs:

  (A) The lessee receives a copy of the contract by which the lessor acquired the goods or the right to possession and use of the goods before signing the lease contract;

  (B) The lessee's approval of the contract by which the lessor acquired the goods or the right to possession and use of the goods is a condition to effectiveness of the lease contract;

  (C) The lessee, before signing the lease contract, receives an accurate and complete statement designating the promises and warranties, and any disclaimers of warranties, limitations or modifications of remedies, or liquidated damages, including those of a third party, such as the manufacturer of the goods, provided to the lessor by the person supplying the goods in connection with or as part of the contract by which the lessor acquired the goods or the right to possession and use of the goods; or

  (D) If the lease is not a consumer lease, the lessor, before the lessee signs the lease contract, informs the lessee in writing (a) of the identity of the person supplying the goods to the lessor, unless the lessee has selected that person and directed the lessor to acquire the goods or the right to possession and use of the goods from that person, (b) that the lessee is entitled under this title to the promises and warranties, including those of any third party, provided to the lessor by the person supplying the goods in connection with or as part of the contract by which the lessor acquired the goods or the right to possession and use of the goods, and (c) that the lessee may communicate with the person supplying the goods to the lessor and receive an accurate and complete statement of those promises and warranties, including any disclaimers and limitations of them or of remedies. See Virginia Code 8.2A-103

• fire marshal: as used in this chapter may include the local fire official and local arson investigator when appointed pursuant to this section. See Virginia Code 27-30
• Fire Services Board: means the Virginia Fire Services Board as provided for in § 9. See Virginia Code 27-95
• Fireworks: means any firecracker, torpedo, skyrocket, or other substance or object, of whatever form or construction, that contains any explosive or inflammable compound or substance, and is intended, or commonly known as fireworks, and which explodes, rises into the air or travels laterally, or fires projectiles into the air. See Virginia Code 27-95
• Fixed Rate: Having a "fixed" rate means that the APR doesn't change based on fluctuations of some external rate (such as the "Prime Rate"). In other words, a fixed rate is a rate that is not a variable rate. A fixed APR can change over time, in several circumstances:
  • You are late making a payment or commit some other default, triggering an increase to a penalty rate
  • The bank changes the terms of your account and you do not reject the change.
  • The rate expires (if the rate was fixed for only a certain period of time).
• Flood plain management regulations: means zoning ordinances, subdivision regulations, the building code, health regulations, special purpose ordinances such as flood plain ordinances, grading ordinances or erosion control ordinances, and other rules, regulations and ordinances which may affect flood plain uses. See Virginia Code 10.1-600
• Flood prevention or protection: means the construction of dams, levees, flood walls, channel improvements or diversions, local flood proofing, evacuation of flood-prone areas or land use controls which reduce or mitigate damage from flooding. See Virginia Code 10.1-603.16
• Flood prevention or protection: means the construction of hazard mitigation projects, acquisition of land, or implementation of land use controls that reduce or mitigate damage from coastal or riverine flooding. See Virginia Code 10.1-603.24
• Flood prevention or protection studies: means hydraulic and hydrologic studies of flood plains with historic and predicted floods, the assessment of flood risk and the development of strategies to prevent or mitigate damage from flooding. See Virginia Code 10.1-603.16
• flood-prone areas: means those areas adjoining a river, stream, water course, ocean, bay or lake which are likely to be covered by floodwaters. See Virginia Code 10.1-600
• Floor leaders: The Majority Leader and Minority Leader are elected by their respective party conferences to serve as the chief Senate spokesmen for their parties and to manage and schedule the legislative and executive business of the Senate. By custom, the Presiding Officer gives the floor leaders priority in obtaining recognition to speak on the floor of the Senate.
• Food vendor: means an establishment that provides prepared food for public consumption on or off its premises and includes a store, shop, sales outlet, restaurant, grocery store, supermarket, delicatessen, or catering truck or vehicle; any other person who provides prepared food; and any individual, organization, group, or state or local government entity that regularly provides food as a part of its services. See Virginia Code 10.1-1414
• Forbearance: A means of handling a delinquent loan. A
• Force majeure: includes , but is not limited to, acts of God, incidences of terrorism, war or riots, labor strikes or civil disturbances, floods, earthquakes, fire, explosions, epidemics, hurricanes, tornadoes, governmental actions and restrictions, work delays caused by waiting for utility providers to service or monitor or provide access to utility poles to which the cable operator's facilities are attached or to be attached or conduits in which the cable operator's facilities are located or to be located, and unavailability of materials or qualified labor to perform the work necessary. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.19
• Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. ^{Source: OCC}
• Foreign corporation: means a corporation not authorized by law to issue shares, organized under laws other than the laws of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Foreign corporation: means a corporation authorized by law to issue shares, organized under laws other than the laws of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Foreign nonstock corporation: means a corporation that is incorporated under a law other than the law of the Commonwealth and would, based on its public organic record, be a nonstock corporation if incorporated under the law of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Foreign partnership: means an association of two or more persons to carry on as co-owners of a business for profit formed under the laws of any state or jurisdiction other than the Commonwealth, and includes, for all purposes of the laws of the Commonwealth, a foreign registered limited liability partnership. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Foreign partnership: means an association of two or more persons to carry on as co-owners of a business for profit formed under the laws of any state or jurisdiction other than the Commonwealth, and includes, for all purposes of the laws of the Commonwealth, a foreign registered limited liability partnership. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Foreign unincorporated entity: means a foreign partnership, foreign limited liability company, foreign limited partnership, or foreign business trust. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Foreign unincorporated entity: means a foreign partnership, foreign limited liability company, foreign limited partnership, or foreign business trust. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Forest land: means land on which forest trees are found. See Virginia Code 10.1-1178
• Forest mitigation: means addressing the direct and indirect adverse impacts to forests that may be caused by a construction project by avoiding and minimizing impacts to the extent practicable and then compensating for the remaining impacts. See Virginia Code 10.1-1181.13
• forest trees: includes shade trees of any species around houses, along highways and within cities and towns if the trees constitute an insect or disease menace to nearby timber trees or timber stands. See Virginia Code 10.1-1178
• Forester: means any person who is engaged in the science, profession and practice of forestry and who possesses the qualifications required by this article. See Virginia Code 10.1-1181.8
• Forestry: means the science, art and practice of creating, managing, using and conserving forests and associated natural resources for human benefit and in a sustainable manner to meet desired goals, needs, and values. See Virginia Code 10.1-1181.8
• Foundation: means the Virginia Foundation for Healthy Youth, created pursuant to § 32. See Virginia Code 32.1-354
• Foundation Allocation: means 10 percent of the annual amount received under the Master Settlement Agreement by the Commonwealth, or that would have been received but for the sale of such allocation pursuant to an agreement, between the starting and ending dates specified in the agreement. See Virginia Code 32.1-354
• Franchise: means an initial authorization, or renewal thereof, issued by a franchising authority, including a locality or the Commonwealth Transportation Board, whether such authorization is designated as a franchise, permit, license, resolution, contract, certificate, agreement, or otherwise, that authorizes the construction or operation of a cable system, a telecommunications system, or other facility in the public rights-of-way. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.19
• Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
• Freedom of Information Act: A federal law that mandates that all the records created and kept by federal agencies in the executive branch of government must be open for public inspection and copying. The only exceptions are those records that fall into one of nine exempted categories listed in the statute. ^{Source: OCC}
• Full-cost accounting: means the accounting of all costs incurred by a municipality in providing a cable television service. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.2
• functional area: means that grouping of state governmental activities, programs, and agencies which constitute a single budget function as identified and classified in the Virginia State Government Program Structure. See Virginia Code 30-65
• Fund: means the Virginia Tobacco Settlement Fund established pursuant to § 32. See Virginia Code 32.1-354
• Fund: means the Virginia Community Flood Preparedness Fund created pursuant to § 10. See Virginia Code 10.1-603.24
• Fund: means the Resilient Virginia Revolving Fund created by this article. See Virginia Code 10.1-603.28
• Fund: means the Forest Management of State-Owned Lands Fund. See Virginia Code 10.1-1121
• Fund: means the Small Business Environmental Compliance Assistance Fund. See Virginia Code 10.1-1197.1
• Fund: means the Virginia Water Quality Improvement Fund established by Article 4 (§ 10. See Virginia Code 10.1-2117
• Fund: means the Virginia Brownfields Restoration and Economic Redevelopment Assistance Fund. See Virginia Code 10.1-1230
• Fund: means the Virginia Community Flood Preparedness Fund created pursuant to § 10. See Virginia Code 10.1-1329
• Fund: means the Litter Control and Recycling Fund. See Virginia Code 10.1-1414
• Fund: means the Virginia Water Quality Improvement Fund established by § 10. See Virginia Code 10.1-2127.1
• Gamete: means either a sperm or an ovum. See Virginia Code 20-156
• Garnishment: Generally, garnishment is a court proceeding in which a creditor asks a court to order a third party who owes money to the debtor or otherwise holds assets belonging to the debtor to turn over to the creditor any of the debtor
• Gasification: means a manufacturing process through which recovered feedstocks are heated and converted in an oxygen-deficient atmosphere into a fuel and gas mixture that is then converted to crude oil, diesel fuel, gasoline, home heating oil, ethanol, transportation fuel, other fuels, chemicals, waxes, lubricants, chemical feedstocks, diesel and gasoline blendstocks, or other valuable raw, intermediate, or final products that are returned to economic utility in the form of raw materials, products, or fuels. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Gate: means any structure or device located to limit or prohibit access or entry to any cave. See Virginia Code 10.1-1000
• General public: means individuals who have access to areas open to all and not restricted to any particular class of the community. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• General public benefit: means a material positive impact on society and the environment taken as a whole, as measured by a third-party standard, from the business and operations of a benefit corporation. See Virginia Code 13.1-782
• General registrar: means the person appointed by the electoral board of a county or city pursuant to § 24. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Genetic parent: means an individual who contributes a gamete resulting in a conception. See Virginia Code 20-156
• Germane: On the subject of the pending bill or other business; a strict standard of relevance.
• Gestational mother: means the woman who gives birth to a child, regardless of her genetic relationship to the child. See Virginia Code 20-156
• Goods: means all things that are movable at the time of identification to the lease contract, or are fixtures (§ 8. See Virginia Code 8.2A-103
• Goods: means all things that are treated as movable for the purposes of a contract of storage or transportation. See Virginia Code 8.7-102
• Governing board: means the board of a college partnership laboratory school that is responsible for creating, managing, and operating the college partnership laboratory school and whose members have been selected by the institution of higher education that establishes the college partnership laboratory school. See Virginia Code 22.1-349.1
• governmental: includes the government of this Commonwealth, the government of the United States, and any of their subdivisions, agencies or instrumentalities. See Virginia Code 10.1-500
• Grand jury: agreement providing that a lender will delay exercising its rights (in the case of a mortgage,
• Grantor: The person who establishes a trust and places property into it.
• Gross revenue: means all revenue, as determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, that is actually received by the cable operator and derived from the operation of the cable system to provide cable services in the franchise area; however, in an ordinance cable franchise "gross revenue" shall not include: (i) refunds or rebates made to subscribers or other third parties; (ii) any revenue which is received from the sale of merchandise over home shopping channels carried on the cable system, but not including revenue received from home shopping channels for the use of the cable service to sell merchandise; (iii) any tax, fee, or charge collected by the cable operator and remitted to a governmental entity or its agent or designee, including without limitation a local public access or education group; (iv) program launch fees; (v) directory or Internet advertising revenue including, but not limited to, yellow page, white page, banner advertisement, and electronic publishing; (vi) a sale of cable service for resale or for use as a component part of or for the integration into cable services to be resold in the ordinary course of business, when the reseller is required to pay or collect franchise fees or similar fees on the resale of the cable service; (vii) revenues received by any affiliate or any other person in exchange for supplying goods or services used by the cable operator to provide cable service; and (viii) revenue derived from services classified as noncable services under federal law, including, without limitation, revenue derived from telecommunications services and information services, and any other revenues attributed by the cable operator to noncable services in accordance with rules, regulations, standards, or orders of the Federal Communications Commission. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.19
• Guarantor: A party who agrees to be responsible for the payment of another party's debts should that party default. ^{Source: OCC}
• Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
• Habeas corpus: A writ that is usually used to bring a prisoner before the court to determine the legality of his imprisonment. It may also be used to bring a person in custody before the court to give testimony, or to be prosecuted.
• Hazardous substance: means a substance listed under the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act, P. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Hazardous waste: means a solid waste or combination of solid waste that because of its quantity, concentration or physical, chemical, or infectious characteristics may:

  1. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400

• HDA: means the Virginia Housing Development Authority created and established pursuant to § 36-55. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Health care: means any act, professional services in nursing homes, or treatment performed or furnished, or which should have been performed or furnished, by any health care provider for, to, or on behalf of a patient during the patient's medical diagnosis, care, treatment or confinement. See Virginia Code 8.01-581.1
• Health care provider: means (i) a general hospital, ordinary hospital, outpatient surgical hospital, nursing home or certified nursing facility licensed or certified pursuant to Article 1 (§ 32. See Virginia Code 32.1-276.3
• Health care provider: means (i) a person, corporation, facility or institution licensed by this Commonwealth to provide health care or professional services as a physician or hospital, a dentist, a pharmacist, a registered nurse or licensed practical nurse or a person who holds a multistate privilege to practice such nursing under the Nurse Licensure Compact, an advanced practice registered nurse, an optometrist, a podiatrist, a physician assistant, a chiropractor, a physical therapist, a physical therapy assistant, a clinical psychologist, a clinical social worker, a professional counselor, a licensed marriage and family therapist, a licensed dental hygienist, a health maintenance organization, or an emergency medical care attendant or technician who provides services on a fee basis; (ii) a professional corporation, all of whose shareholders or members are so licensed; (iii) a partnership, all of whose partners are so licensed; (iv) a nursing home as defined in § 54. See Virginia Code 8.01-581.1
• Health maintenance organization: means any person who undertakes to provide or to arrange for one or more health care plans pursuant to Chapter 43 of Title 38. See Virginia Code 32.1-276.3
• Health maintenance organization: means any person licensed pursuant to Chapter 43 of Title 38. See Virginia Code 8.01-581.1
• Height: means the structural height of a dam which is defined as the vertical distance from the natural bed of the stream or watercourse measured at the downstream toe of the dam to the top of the dam. See Virginia Code 10.1-604
• High school equivalency preparation program: means a program of preparation and instruction for adults who did not complete high school, and for youth who have been granted permission by the division superintendent of the school in which they are enrolled, to take a high school equivalency examination approved by the Board of Education. See Virginia Code 30-231.01
• High-level radioactive waste: which means :

  a. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400

• Historic area: means an area containing one or more buildings or places in which historic events occurred or having special public value because of notable architectural, archaeological or other features relating to the cultural or artistic heritage of the community, of such significance as to warrant conservation and preservation. See Virginia Code 15.2-2201
• Holder: means a charitable corporation, charitable association, or charitable trust which has been declared exempt from taxation pursuant to 26 U. See Virginia Code 10.1-1009
• Holder: means the grantee of an environmental covenant as specified in subsection A of § 10. See Virginia Code 10.1-1238
• Homestead exemption: means that exemption created by § 34-4. See Virginia Code 34-1
• Hospital: means a public or private institution licensed pursuant to Chapter 5 of Title 32. See Virginia Code 8.01-581.1
• Host locality: means any locality within the jurisdictional boundaries of which construction of a commercial solar project or an energy storage project is proposed. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.6
• Hotel: means any place offering to the public for compensation transitory lodging or sleeping accommodations, overnight or otherwise, including facilities known by varying nomenclatures or designations as hotels, motels, travel lodges, tourist homes, or hostels. See Virginia Code 35.1-1
• Household hazardous waste: means any waste material derived from households (including single and multiple residences, hotels, motels, bunkhouses, ranger stations, crew quarters, campgrounds, picnic grounds, and day-use recreation areas) which, except for the fact that it is derived from a household, would be classified as a hazardous waste, including nickel, cadmium, mercuric oxide, manganese, zinc-carbon or lead batteries; solvent-based paint, paint thinner, paint strippers, or other paint solvents; any product containing trichloroethylene, toxic art supplies, used motor oil and unusable gasoline or kerosene, fluorescent or high intensity light bulbs, ammunition, fireworks, banned pesticides, or restricted-use pesticides as defined in § 3. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Householder: means any resident of Virginia. See Virginia Code 34-1
• Housing development costs: means the sum total of all costs incurred in the development of a housing development, which are approved by the HDA as reasonable and necessary, which costs shall include, but are not necessarily limited to: fair value of land owned by the sponsor, or cost of land acquisition and any buildings thereon, including payments for options, deposits, or contracts to purchase properties on the proposed housing site or payments for the purchase of such properties; cost of site preparation, demolition and development; architecture, engineering, legal, accounting, HDA, and other fees paid or payable in connection with the planning, execution and financing of the housing development; cost of necessary studies, surveys, plans and permits; insurance, interest; financing, tax and assessment costs and other operating and carrying costs during construction; cost of construction, rehabilitation, reconstruction, fixtures, furnishings, equipment, machinery and apparatus related to the real property; cost of land improvements, including without limitation, landscaping and off-site improvements, whether or not such costs have been paid in cash or in a form other than cash; necessary expenses in connection with initial occupancy of the housing development; a reasonable profit and risk fee in addition to job overhead to the general contractor and, if applicable, a limited profit housing sponsor; an allowance established by HDA for working capital and contingency reserves, and reserves for any anticipated operating deficits during the first two years of occupancy; in the case of an economically mixed project within a revitalization area designated in or pursuant to § 36-55. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Housing lender: means any bank or trust company, mortgage banker approved by the Federal National Mortgage Association, savings bank, national banking association, savings and loan association or building and loan association, mortgage broker, mortgage company, mortgage lender, life insurance company, credit union, agency or authority of the Commonwealth or any other state, or locality authorized to finance housing loans on properties located in or outside of the Commonwealth to persons and families of any income. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Housing sponsor: means individuals, joint ventures, partnerships, limited partnerships, public bodies, trusts, firms, associations, or other legal entities or any combination thereof, corporations, cooperatives and condominiums, approved by HDA as qualified either to own, construct, acquire, rehabilitate, operate, manage or maintain a housing development whether nonprofit or organized for limited profit subject to the regulatory powers of HDA and other terms and conditions set forth in this chapter. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Human cloning: means the creation of or attempt to create a human being by transferring the nucleus from a human cell from whatever source into an oocyte from which the nucleus has been removed. See Virginia Code 32.1-162.21
• Human research: means any systematic investigation, including research development, testing and evaluation, utilizing human subjects, that is designed to develop or contribute to generalized knowledge. See Virginia Code 32.1-162.16
• Hundred year flood: means a flood of that level which on the average will have a one percent chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year at designated locations. See Virginia Code 10.1-600
• Impact fee: means a charge or assessment imposed against new development in order to generate revenue to fund or recover the costs of reasonable road improvements benefiting the new development. See Virginia Code 15.2-2318
• Impact fee service area: means an area designated within the comprehensive plan of a locality having clearly defined boundaries and clearly related traffic needs and within which development is to be subject to the assessment of impact fees. See Virginia Code 15.2-2318
• Impounding structure: means a man-made structure, whether a dam across a watercourse or other structure outside a watercourse, used or to be used to retain or store waters or other materials. See Virginia Code 10.1-604
• In forma pauperis: In the manner of a pauper. Permission given to a person to sue without payment of court fees on claim of indigence or poverty.
• In vitro: means any process that can be observed in an artificial environment such as a test tube or tissue culture plate. See Virginia Code 20-156
• In vitro fertilization: means the fertilization of ova by sperm in an artificial environment. See Virginia Code 20-156
• In vivo: means any process occurring within the living body. See Virginia Code 20-156
• Incentive zoning: means the use of bonuses in the form of increased project density or other benefits to a developer in return for the developer providing certain features, design elements, uses, services, or amenities desired by the locality, including but not limited to, site design incorporating principles of new urbanism and traditional neighborhood development, environmentally sustainable and energy-efficient building design, affordable housing creation and preservation, and historical preservation, as part of the development. See Virginia Code 15.2-2201
• Indemnification: In general, a collateral contract or assurance under which one person agrees to secure another person against either anticipated financial losses or potential adverse legal consequences. ^{Source: FDIC}
• Independent: means having no material relationship with a benefit corporation or a subsidiary of the benefit corporation, either directly as a shareholder of the benefit corporation or as a partner, a member, or an owner of a subsidiary of the benefit corporation or indirectly as a director, an officer, an owner, or a manager of an entity that has a material relationship with the benefit corporation or a subsidiary of the benefit corporation. See Virginia Code 13.1-782
• Indirect costs: means any costs identified with two or more services or other functions; and that are not directly identified with a single service or function. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.2
• Individual: means a natural person. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Individual: means a natural person. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Infection: means infection by any disease affecting forest trees which is declared by the State Forester to be dangerously injurious to forest trees. See Virginia Code 10.1-1178
• Infertile: means the inability to conceive after one year of unprotected sexual intercourse. See Virginia Code 20-156
• Infestation: means infestation by means of any insect which is declared by the State Forester to be dangerously injurious to forest trees. See Virginia Code 10.1-1178
• Informed consent: means the knowing and voluntary agreement, without undue inducement or any element of force, fraud, deceit, duress, or other form of constraint or coercion, of a person who is capable of exercising free power of choice. See Virginia Code 32.1-162.16
• Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
• Innocent land owner: means a person who holds any title, security interest or any other interest in a brownfield site and who acquired ownership of the real property after the release of hazardous substances occurred. See Virginia Code 10.1-1230
• Inpatient hospital: means a hospital providing inpatient care and licensed pursuant to Article 1 (§ 32. See Virginia Code 32.1-276.3
• Inspection warrant: means an order in writing, made in the name of the Commonwealth, signed by any judge or magistrate whose territorial jurisdiction encompasses the building, structure or premises to be inspected or entered, and directed to a state or local official, commanding him to enter and to conduct any inspection, examination, testing or collection of samples for testing required or authorized by the Virginia Statewide Fire Prevention Code. See Virginia Code 27-95
• Installment lease contract: means a lease contract that authorizes or requires the delivery of goods in separate lots to be separately accepted, even though the lease contract contains a clause "each delivery is a separate lease" or its equivalent. See Virginia Code 8.2A-103
• Institutions of higher education: means any educational institution meeting the requirements of § 60. See Virginia Code 10.1-2117
• Intangible property: Property that has no intrinsic value, but is merely the evidence of value such as stock certificates, bonds, and promissory notes.
• Intended parent: means a married couple or unmarried individual who enters into an agreement with a surrogate under the terms of which such parent will be the parent of any child born to the surrogate through assisted conception regardless of the genetic relationships between the intended parent, the surrogate, and the child. See Virginia Code 20-156
• Interactive on-demand services: means a service providing video programming to subscribers over switched networks on an on-demand, point-to-point basis, but does not include services providing video programming prescheduled by the programming provider. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.19
• Interest: means either or both of the following rights under the organic law of a foreign or domestic unincorporated entity:

  1. See Virginia Code 13.1-803

• Interest: means interest from the date the corporate action becomes effective until the date of payment, at the average rate currently paid by the corporation on its principal bank loans or, if none, at a rate that is fair and equitable under all the circumstances. See Virginia Code 13.1-729
• Interest: means either or both of the following rights under the organic law governing an unincorporated entity:

  1. See Virginia Code 13.1-603

• Interest holder: means a person who holds of record an interest. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Interest holder liability: means :

  1. See Virginia Code 13.1-603

• Interested person: means a person, or an affiliate of a person, who at any time during the one-year period immediately preceding approval by the board of directors of the corporate action:

  a. See Virginia Code 13.1-729

• Interested shares: means the shares of a public corporation the voting of which in an election of directors may be exercised or directed by any of the following persons: (i) an acquiring person with respect to a control share acquisition; (ii) any officer of such public corporation; or (iii) any employee of such public corporation who is also a director of the corporation. See Virginia Code 13.1-728.1
• Interested transaction: means a corporate action described in subsection A of § 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-729
• Interrogatories: Written questions asked by one party of an opposing party, who must answer them in writing under oath; a discovery device in a lawsuit.
• Intestate: Dying without leaving a will.
• issuer: means the person or persons performing the acts and assuming the duties of manager;

  2. See Virginia Code 13.1-501

• Issuer: means a bailee who issues a document except that in relation to an unaccepted delivery order it means the person who orders the possessor of goods to deliver. See Virginia Code 8.7-102
• Joint activity: means a governmental function which is carried out by, performed on behalf of, or contracted for two or more localities within a region and includes present and future activities. See Virginia Code 15.2-1307
• Joint committee: Committees including membership from both houses of teh legislature. Joint committees are usually established with narrow jurisdictions and normally lack authority to report legislation.
• Joint resolution: A legislative measure which requires the approval of both chambers.
• Jurisdiction of formation: means the state or country the law of which includes the organic law governing a domestic or foreign corporation or eligible entity. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Juror: A person who is on the jury.
• Key cutting: means making duplicate keys from an existing key and includes no other locksmith services. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Laboring person: means any person who receives wages for his services. See Virginia Code 34-1
• Land: means real estate and all rights and appurtenances thereto, together with the structures and other improvements thereon, and any right, title, interest, estate or claim in or to real estate. See Virginia Code 25.1-100
• Land development: means the process of acquiring land for residential housing construction, and of making, installing, or constructing nonresidential housing improvements, including, without limitation, waterlines and water supply installations, sewer lines and sewage disposal and treatment installations, steam, gas and electric lines and installations, roads, streets, curbs, gutters, sidewalks, storm drainage facilities, other related pollution control facilities, and other installations or works, whether on or off the site, which HDA deems necessary or desirable to prepare such land primarily for residential housing construction within the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Law firm: means (i) lawyers who practice law together in a partnership, professional corporation, sole proprietorship, limited liability company, or association or (ii) lawyers employed together in (a) a legal services organization or (b) the legal department of another organization. See Virginia Code 20-168
• Law-enforcement officer: means any full-time or part-time employee of a police department or sheriff's office which is a part of or administered by the Commonwealth or any political subdivision thereof, or any full-time or part-time employee of a private police department, and who is responsible for the prevention and detection of crime and the enforcement of the penal, traffic or highway laws of the Commonwealth, and shall include any (i) special agent of the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Authority; (ii) police agent appointed under the provisions of § 56-353; (iii) officer of the Virginia Marine Police; (iv) conservation police officer who is a full-time sworn member of the enforcement division of the Department of Wildlife Resources; (v) investigator who is a sworn member of the security division of the Virginia Lottery; (vi) conservation officer of the Department of Conservation and Recreation commissioned pursuant to § 10. See Virginia Code 9.1-101
• Lawsuit: A legal action started by a plaintiff against a defendant based on a complaint that the defendant failed to perform a legal duty, resulting in harm to the plaintiff.
• lead acid battery: shall mean any wet cell battery. See Virginia Code 10.1-1425.1
• Lease: means a transfer of the right to possession and use of goods for a term in return for consideration, but a sale, including a sale on approval or a sale or return, or retention or creation of a security interest is not a lease. See Virginia Code 8.2A-103
• Lease agreement: means the bargain, with respect to the lease, of the lessor and the lessee in fact as found in their language or by implication from other circumstances including course of dealing or usage of trade or course of performance as provided in this title. See Virginia Code 8.2A-103
• Lease contract: means the total legal obligation that results from the lease agreement as affected by this title and any other applicable rules of law. See Virginia Code 8.2A-103
• Leasehold interest: means the interest of the lessor or the lessee under a lease contract. See Virginia Code 8.2A-103
• Legacy: A gift of property made by will.
• Legal or contractual custody: means having authority granted by law, contract, or court order to make decisions concerning the use of an embryo. See Virginia Code 20-156
• Legal tender: coins, dollar bills, or other currency issued by a government as official money. ^{Source: U.S. Mint}
• Legally authorized representative: means , in the following specified order of priority, (i) the parent or parents having custody of a prospective subject who is a minor, (ii) the agent appointed under an advance directive, as defined in § 54. See Virginia Code 32.1-162.16
• Legislative branch employee: means (i) a General Assembly member; (ii) a General Assembly member's legislative assistant or other legislative staff compensated in whole, or in part, with state appropriations, working full-time for the member; and (iii) all other full-time employees of each legislative branch agency of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 30-129.4
• Legislative session: That part of a chamber's daily session in which it considers legislative business (bills, resolutions, and actions related thereto).
• Lessee: means a person who acquires the right to possession and use of goods under a lease. See Virginia Code 8.2A-103
• Lessor: means a person who transfers the right to possession and use of goods under a lease. See Virginia Code 8.2A-103
• Liability: means the obligation to pay a judgment, settlement, penalty, fine, including any excise tax assessed with respect to an employee benefit plan, or expenses incurred with respect to a proceeding. See Virginia Code 13.1-696
• Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
• Lineal descendant: Direct descendant of the same ancestors.
• Litter: means all waste material disposable packages or containers but not including the wastes of the primary processes of mining, logging, sawmilling, farming, or manufacturing. See Virginia Code 10.1-1414
• Litter bag: means a bag, sack, or durable material which is large enough to serve as a receptacle for litter inside a vehicle or watercraft which is similar in size and capacity to a state approved litter bag. See Virginia Code 10.1-1414
• Loan servicer: means any person who, on behalf of a housing lender, collects or receives payments, including payments of principal, interest, escrow amounts, and other amounts due, on obligations due and owing to the housing lender pursuant to a residential mortgage loan or who, when the borrower is in default or in foreseeable likelihood of default, works on behalf of the housing lender with the borrower to modify or refinance, either temporarily or permanently, the obligations in order to avoid foreclosure or otherwise to finalize collection through the foreclosure process. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• local governing body: means the board of supervisors of a county, council of a city, or council of a town, responsible for appropriating funds for such locality, as the context may require. See Virginia Code 22.1-1
• Local government: means any county, city, town, municipal corporation, authority, district, commission, or political subdivision created by the General Assembly or pursuant to the Constitution or laws of the Commonwealth, or any combination of any two or more of the foregoing. See Virginia Code 10.1-603.16
• Local government: means any county, city, town, municipal corporation, authority, district, commission, or political subdivision created by the General Assembly or pursuant to the Constitution of Virginia or laws of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 10.1-603.24
• Local government: means any county, city, town, municipal corporation, authority, district, commission, or political subdivision created by the General Assembly or pursuant to the Constitution or laws of the Commonwealth or any combination of any two or more of the foregoing. See Virginia Code 10.1-603.28
• Local government: means any county, city, town, municipal corporation, authority, district, commission or political subdivision of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 10.1-2117
• Local government: means any county, city, town, municipal corporation, authority, district, commission, or political subdivision of the Commonwealth created by the General Assembly or otherwise created pursuant to the laws of the Commonwealth or any combination of the foregoing. See Virginia Code 10.1-1230
• Local government: means the governing body of any city, county or town in this Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 27-95
• Local planning commission: means a municipal planning commission or a county planning commission. See Virginia Code 15.2-2201
• Local school bonds: means bonds or other obligations issued by counties, cities and towns under the provisions of Chapter 26 of Title 15. See Virginia Code 22.1-162
• Locality: means a county, city, or town. See Virginia Code 10.1-600
• Locality: means a county, city or town. See Virginia Code 10.1-500
• Locality: means a county, city or town. See Virginia Code 10.1-705
• Locality: means all counties, cities and towns within a regional partnership. See Virginia Code 15.2-1307
• Locksmith: means any individual that performs locksmith services, or advertises or represents to the general public that the individual is a locksmith even if the specific term locksmith is substituted with any other term by which a reasonable person could construe that the individual possesses special skills relating to locks or locking devices, including use of the words lock technician, lockman, safe technician, safeman, boxman, unlocking technician, lock installer, lock opener, physical security technician or similar descriptions. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Lost profits: means a loss of profits or expected profits suffered by a business or farm operation as a result of a taking or damaging of the property on which the business or farm operation is operated for a period not to exceed three years from the later of (i) the date of valuation or (ii) the date the state agency or its contractor prevents the owner from using the land or any of the owner's other property rights are taken. See Virginia Code 25.1-100
• Lost shareholder: means a shareholder shown by the records of a corporation to have been a shareholder for more than seven years but who, throughout that period, neither claimed a dividend or other sum nor corresponded in writing with the corporation or otherwise indicated an interest as evidenced by a memorandum or other record on file with the corporation and the corporation does not know the location of the shareholder at the end of such seven-year period. See Virginia Code 13.1-776
• Lot: means a parcel or a single article that is the subject matter of a separate lease or delivery, whether or not it is sufficient to perform the lease contract. See Virginia Code 8.2A-103
• Low-income geographic area: means any locality, or community within a locality, that has a median household income that is not greater than 80 percent of the local median household income, or any area in the Commonwealth designated as a qualified opportunity zone by the U. See Virginia Code 10.1-603.24
• mail: means electronic or postal delivery. See Virginia Code 10.1-1183
• Malpractice: means any tort action or breach of contract action for personal injuries or wrongful death, based on health care or professional services rendered, or which should have been rendered, by a health care provider, to a patient. See Virginia Code 8.01-581.1
• Manifest: means the form used for identifying the quantity, composition, origin, routing, and destination of hazardous waste during its transportation from the point of generation to the point of disposal, treatment, or storage of such hazardous waste. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Manufacturer: means any person that produces products, packages, packaging, or components of products or packaging. See Virginia Code 10.1-1425.21
• Manufacturer: means a person who in any calendar year:

  1. See Virginia Code 10.1-1425.27

• Marcus alert system: means the same as that term is defined in § 37. See Virginia Code 9.1-193
• Material: means all or any part of any archaeological, paleontological, biological, or historical item including, but not limited to, any petroglyph, pictograph, basketry, human remains, tool, beads, pottery, projectile point, remains of historical mining activity or any other occupation found in any cave. See Virginia Code 10.1-1000
• Medical care facility: means any institution, place, building, or agency, whether or not licensed or required to be licensed by the Board or the Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services, whether operated for profit or nonprofit, and whether privately owned or privately operated or owned or operated by a local governmental unit, (i) by or in which health services are furnished, conducted, operated, or offered for the prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of human disease, pain, injury, deformity, or physical condition, whether medical or surgical, of two or more nonrelated persons who are injured or physically sick or have mental illness, or for the care of two or more nonrelated persons requiring or receiving medical, surgical, nursing, acute, chronic, convalescent, or long-term care services, or services for individuals with disabilities, or (ii) which is the recipient of reimbursements from third-party health insurance programs or prepaid medical service plans. See Virginia Code 32.1-3
• MEI project: means the same as that term is defined in § 2. See Virginia Code 30-309
• Member: means one having a membership interest in a corporation in accordance with the provisions of its articles of incorporation or bylaws. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Member: means an individual who has been accepted for membership in, and owns a membership share issued by, a worker cooperative. See Virginia Code 13.1-346
• member of the council: means a member of the governing body of a city or town. See Virginia Code 15.2-102
• Membership: means the rights of a member in a domestic or foreign nonstock corporation or limited liability company. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Membership fee: means an initial payment, if required by the articles of incorporation or bylaws of the worker cooperative, made by a worker to a worker cooperative as a condition of becoming a member. See Virginia Code 13.1-346
• Membership interest: means the interest of a member in a domestic or foreign corporation, including voting and all other rights associated with membership. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Merchant lessee: means a lessee that is a merchant with respect to goods of the kind subject to the lease. See Virginia Code 8.2A-103
• Merger: means a business combination pursuant to § 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-715.1
• Merger: means a transaction pursuant to § 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Middle school: means separate schools for early adolescents and the middle school grades that might be housed at elementary or high schools. See Virginia Code 22.1-1
• Military installation: means a base, camp, post, station, yard, center, homeport facility for any ship, or other activity under jurisdiction of the U. See Virginia Code 15.2-2201
• Military status: means status as (i) a member of the uniformed forces, as defined in 10 U. See Virginia Code 15.2-1500.1
• Mineral: means petroleum, natural gas, coal, ore, rock and any other solid chemical element or compound which results from the inorganic process of nature. See Virginia Code 10.1-108
• Minimal risk: means that the risks of harm anticipated in the proposed research are not greater, considering probability and magnitude, than those ordinarily encountered in daily life or during the performance of routine physical or psychological examinations or tests. See Virginia Code 32.1-162.16
• Minority leader: See Floor Leaders
• Mixed radioactive waste: means radioactive waste that contains a substance that renders the mixture a hazardous waste. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Mixed use development: means property that incorporates two or more different uses, and may include a variety of housing types, within a single development. See Virginia Code 15.2-2201
• Mobile crisis response: means the same as that term is defined in § 37. See Virginia Code 9.1-193
• Month: means a calendar month and "year" means a calendar year. See Virginia Code 1-223
• Mortgage: means a mortgage deed, deed of trust, or other security instrument which shall constitute a lien in the Commonwealth on improvements and real property in fee simple, on a leasehold under a lease having a remaining term, which at the time such mortgage is acquired does not expire for at least that number of years beyond the maturity date of the interest-bearing obligation secured by such mortgage as is equal to the number of years remaining until the maturity date of such obligation or on personal property, contract rights or other assets. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
• Mortgage lender: means any bank or trust company, mortgage banker approved by the Federal National Mortgage Association, savings bank, national banking association, savings and loan association, or building and loan association, life insurance company, the federal government or other financial institutions or government agencies which are authorized to and customarily provide service or otherwise aid in the financing of mortgages on residential housing located in the Commonwealth for persons and families of low or moderate income. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Mortgage loan: means an interest-bearing obligation secured by a mortgage. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Mortgage loan: A loan made by a lender to a borrower for the financing of real property. ^{Source: OCC}
• Mortgagee: The person to whom property is mortgaged and who has loaned the money.
• Mortgagor: The person who pledges property to a creditor as collateral for a loan and who receives the money.
• Multifamily residential housing: means residential housing other than single-family residential housing, as hereinafter defined. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Municipality: means any city, town, county, or other political subdivision of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• National Bank: A bank that is subject to the supervision of the Comptroller of the Currency. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency is a bureau of the U.S. Treasury Department. A national bank can be recognized because it must have "national" or "national association" in its name. ^{Source: OCC}
• National flood insurance program: means the program established by the United States Congress under provisions of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968, as amended, and as expanded in the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973, designed to provide flood insurance at rates made affordable through federal subsidy. See Virginia Code 10.1-600
• Natural person: means an individual person. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Natural streams: means nontidal waterways which are part of the natural topography. See Virginia Code 10.1-650
• Nature-based solution: means an approach that reduces the impacts of flood and storm events through the use of environmental processes and natural systems. See Virginia Code 10.1-603.24
• New interest holder liability: means interest holder liability of a person, resulting from a merger or share exchange, that is (i) in respect of an entity which is different from the entity in which the person held shares or eligible interests immediately before the merger or share exchange became effective or (ii) in respect of the same entity as the one in which the person held shares or eligible interests immediately before the merger or share exchange became effective if (a) the person did not have interest holder liability immediately before the merger or share exchange became effective or (b) the person had interest holder liability immediately before the merger or share exchange became effective, the terms and conditions of which were changed when the merger or share exchange became effective. See Virginia Code 13.1-715.1
• New residential development: means any construction or building expansion on residentially zoned property, including a residential component of a mixed-use development, that results in either one or more additional residential dwelling units or, otherwise, fewer residential dwelling units, beyond what may be permitted by right under the then-existing zoning of the property, when such new residential development requires a rezoning or proffer condition amendment. See Virginia Code 15.2-2303.4
• New residential use: means any use of residentially zoned property that requires a rezoning or that requires a proffer condition amendment to allow for new residential development. See Virginia Code 15.2-2303.4
• New structure: means a wireless support structure that has not been installed or constructed, or approved for installation or construction, at the time a wireless services provider or wireless infrastructure provider applies to a locality for any required zoning approval. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.3
• Nonhousing building: means a building or portion thereof and any related improvements and facilities used or to be used for manufacturing, industrial, commercial, governmental, educational, entertainment, community development, health care, or nonprofit enterprises or undertakings other than residential housing. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Nonlegislative citizen member: means any natural person who is not a member of the General Assembly of Virginia. See Virginia Code 1-225
• Nonparty participant: means a person, other than a party and the party's collaborative lawyer, that participates in a collaborative law process. See Virginia Code 20-168
• Nonpoint source pollution: means pollution of state waters washed from the land surface in a diffuse manner and not resulting from a discernible, defined or discrete conveyance. See Virginia Code 10.1-2117
• Nonprofit entity: means (i) a foreign or domestic nonstock corporation licensed and subject to regulation under Chapter 42 of Title 38. See Virginia Code 32.1-373
• Nonprofit organization: means a nonprofit, tax-exempt health data organization with the characteristics, expertise, and capacity to execute the powers and duties set forth for such entity in this chapter. See Virginia Code 32.1-276.3
• Nontherapeutic research: means human research in which there is no reasonable expectation of direct benefit to the physical or mental condition of the human subject. See Virginia Code 32.1-162.16
• Notary: means notary public. See Virginia Code 1-226
• nuclear waste: includes :

  1. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400

• Nucleus: means the cell structure that houses the chromosomes and, thus, the genes. See Virginia Code 32.1-162.21
• Nutrient removal technology: means state-of-the-art nutrient removal technology, biological nutrient removal technology, or other nutrient removal technology. See Virginia Code 10.1-2117
• Oath: A promise to tell the truth.
• Oath: includes affirmation. See Virginia Code 1-228
• Object of antiquity: means any relic, artifact, remain, including human skeletal remains, specimen, or other archaeological article that may be found on, in, or below the surface of the earth that has historic, scientific, archaeologic, or educational value. See Virginia Code 10.1-2300
• officer: includes , unless the context requires otherwise, the estate or personal representative of a director or officer. See Virginia Code 13.1-696
• Official capacity: means (i) when used with respect to a director, the office of director in a corporation and (ii) when used with respect to an officer, as contemplated in § 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-696
• Official map: means a map of legally established and proposed public streets, waterways, and public areas adopted by a locality in accordance with the provisions of Article 4 (§ 15. See Virginia Code 15.2-2201
• Offsite proffer: means a proffer addressing an impact outside the boundaries of the property to be developed and shall include all cash proffers. See Virginia Code 15.2-2303.4
• Oocyte: means the ovum or egg. See Virginia Code 32.1-162.21
• Open dump: means a site on which any solid waste is placed, discharged, deposited, injected, dumped, or spilled so as to create a nuisance or present a threat of a release of harmful substances into the environment or present a hazard to human health. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Open-end credit: A credit agreement (typically a credit card) that allows a customer to borrow against a preapproved credit line when purchasing goods and services. The borrower is only billed for the amount that is actually borrowed plus any interest due. (Also called a charge account or revolving credit.) ^{Source: OCC}
• Open-space land: means any land which is provided or preserved for (i) park or recreational purposes, (ii) conservation of land or other natural resources, (iii) historic or scenic purposes, (iv) assisting in the shaping of the character, direction, and timing of community development, (v) wetlands as defined in § 28. See Virginia Code 10.1-1700
• Operator: means any person that operates or has operated or exercises or has exercised control over any silvicultural activity. See Virginia Code 10.1-1181.1
• Oral and maxillofacial surgeon: means , for the purposes of this chapter, a person who is licensed to practice dentistry in Virginia, registered with the Board of Dentistry as an oral and maxillofacial surgeon, and certified to perform certain procedures pursuant to § 54. See Virginia Code 32.1-276.3
• Oral argument: An opportunity for lawyers to summarize their position before the court and also to answer the judges' questions.
• Ordinance: includes a resolution. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.19
• Organic document: means the document, if any, that is filed of public record to create an unincorporated entity. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Organic law: means the statute governing the internal affairs of a domestic or foreign corporation or eligible entity. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Organic law: means the statute governing the internal affairs of a domestic or foreign corporation or eligible entity. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Organic rules: means the public organic record and private organic rules of a domestic or foreign corporation or eligible entity. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Outpatient surgery: means all surgical procedures performed on an outpatient basis in a general hospital, ordinary hospital, outpatient surgical hospital or other facility licensed or certified pursuant to Article 1 (§ 32. See Virginia Code 32.1-276.3
• Over-issuance of shares: means the purported issuance of:

  1. See Virginia Code 13.1-614.1

• Oversight: Committee review of the activities of a Federal agency or program.
• Ovum: means the female gamete or reproductive cell prior to fertilization. See Virginia Code 20-156
• Owner: means the owner of the land on which a dam is situated, the holder of an easement permitting the construction of a dam and any person or entity agreeing to maintain a dam. See Virginia Code 10.1-604
• Owner: means any person that (i) owns or leases land on which silvicultural activity occurs or has occurred or (ii) owns timber on land on which silvicultural activity occurs or has occurred. See Virginia Code 10.1-1181.1
• Owner: means a person who owns title to land where a cave is located, including a person who owns title to a leasehold estate in such land, and including the Commonwealth and any of its agencies, departments, boards, bureaus, commissions, or authorities, as well as counties, municipalities, and other political subdivisions of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 10.1-1000
• Owner: means any person who owns property, provided that the person's ownership of the property is of record in the land records of the clerk's office of the circuit court of the county or city where the property is located. See Virginia Code 25.1-100
• Package: means any container which provides a means of marketing, protecting, or handling a product, including a unit package, intermediate package, or a shipping container, as defined in the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) specification D996. See Virginia Code 10.1-1425.21
• Packaging component: means any individual assembled part of a package, including, but not limited to, interior and exterior blocking, bracing, cushioning, weatherproofing, exterior strapping, coatings, closures, inks, and labels. See Virginia Code 10.1-1425.21
• parents: means any parent, guardian, legal custodian, or other person having control or charge of a child. See Virginia Code 22.1-1
• Partisan public office: means (i) an elective or appointive office in the executive or legislative branch or in an independent establishment of the federal government; (ii) an elective office in the executive or legislative branch of the government of the Commonwealth, or an office that is filled by appointment and is exempt from the Virginia Personnel Act (§ 2. See Virginia Code 30-391
• Partnership: means the Virginia Economic Development Partnership. See Virginia Code 10.1-1230
• Party: means a person who signs a collaborative law participation agreement and whose consent is necessary to resolve a collaborative matter. See Virginia Code 20-168
• Party: means an individual who was, is, or is threatened to be made a defendant or respondent in a proceeding. See Virginia Code 13.1-696
• Party to a merger: means any domestic or foreign corporation or eligible entity that will merge under a plan of merger. See Virginia Code 13.1-715.1
• Party to a share exchange: means any domestic or foreign corporation or eligible entity that is an acquired entity or an acquiring entity under a plan of share exchange. See Virginia Code 13.1-715.1
• Patient: means any natural person who receives or should have received health care from a licensed health care provider except those persons who are given health care in an emergency situation which exempts the health care provider from liability for his emergency services in accordance with § 8. See Virginia Code 8.01-581.1
• Patronage: means the amount of work performed for a worker cooperative, measured in accordance with criteria set forth in the articles of incorporation or bylaws of the worker cooperative. See Virginia Code 13.1-346
• Period of sale: means the time during which a purchase under an agreement is entitled to receive the Foundation Allocation. See Virginia Code 32.1-354
• Permissible fireworks: means any fountains that do not emit sparks or other burning effects to a distance greater than five meters (16. See Virginia Code 27-95
• Person: means an individual, corporation, partnership, or association or any other legal entity. See Virginia Code 32.1-3
• Person: means an individual, corporation, partnership, association, a governmental body, a municipal corporation, or any other legal entity. See Virginia Code 10.1-1300
• Person: includes an individual, corporation, partnership, association, governmental body, municipal corporation, or any other legal entity. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Person: means any landowner, owner of timber, owner of timber rights, sawmill operator, sawmill owner, veneer wood operator, pulpwood contractor, or any person engaged in the business of severing timber from the stump. See Virginia Code 10.1-1162
• Person: means any individual, partnership, firm, association, trust, or corporation or other legal entity. See Virginia Code 10.1-1000
• Person: means an individual, corporation, partnership, association, governmental body, municipal corporation, public service authority, or any other legal entity. See Virginia Code 10.1-1230
• Person: means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, public corporation, government, governmental subdivision, agency or instrumentality, or any other legal or commercial entity. See Virginia Code 10.1-1238
• Person: means any individual; firm; cooperative; association; corporation; limited liability company; trust; business trust; syndicate; partnership; limited liability partnership; joint venture; receiver; trustee in bankruptcy or any other person acting in a fiduciary or representative capacity, whether appointed by a court or otherwise; club, society or other group or combination acting as a unit; the Commonwealth or any department, agency or instrumentality thereof; any city, county, town, or other political subdivision or any department, agency or instrumentality thereof; or any interstate body to which the Commonwealth is a party. See Virginia Code 25.1-100
• Person: means any natural person, corporation, association, firm, receiver, guardian, trustee, executor, administrator, fiduciary, or representative or group of individuals or entities of any kind. See Virginia Code 10.1-1414
• Person: means any natural individual, partnership, association, corporation, or other legal entity. See Virginia Code 10.1-2300
• Person: means an individual, corporation, partnership, association, or any other legal entity. See Virginia Code 35.1-1
• Person: means any individual, group of individuals, partnership, association, business trust, corporation, or other business entity. See Virginia Code 22.1-319
• Person: includes an individual and an entity. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Person: includes an associate of any person. See Virginia Code 13.1-728.1
• Person: means any individual, corporation, partnership, association, cooperative, limited liability company, trust, joint venture, government, political subdivision, or other legal or commercial entity. See Virginia Code 6.2-100
• Person: includes an individual and an entity. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Person of school age: means a person who will have reached his fifth birthday on or before September 30 of the school year and who has not reached twenty years of age on or before August 1 of the school year. See Virginia Code 22.1-1
• Person under a disability: shall include :

  a. See Virginia Code 8.01-2

• Personal estate: includes chattels real and such other estate as, upon the death of the owner intestate, would devolve upon his personal representative. See Virginia Code 1-233
• Personal protection specialist: means any individual who engages in the duties of providing close protection from bodily harm to any person. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Persons and families of low and moderate income: means persons and families, irrespective of race, creed, national origin, sex, sexual orientation, or gender identity, determined by the HDA to require such assistance as is made available by this chapter on account of insufficient personal or family income taking into consideration, without limitation, such factors as follows: (i) the amount of the total income of such persons and families available for housing needs, (ii) the size of the family, (iii) the cost and condition of housing facilities available, (iv) the ability of such persons and families to compete successfully in the normal private housing market and to pay the amounts at which private enterprise is providing sanitary, decent and safe housing, and (v) if appropriate, standards established for various federal programs determining eligibility based on income of such persons and families. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Physician: means a person licensed to practice medicine or osteopathy in this Commonwealth pursuant to Chapter 29 of Title 54. See Virginia Code 8.01-581.1
• Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.
• Planned unit development: means a form of development characterized by unified site design for a variety of housing types and densities, clustering of buildings, common open space, and a mix of building types and land uses in which project planning and density calculation are performed for the entire development rather than on an individual lot basis. See Virginia Code 15.2-2201
• Planning district commission: means a regional planning agency chartered under the provisions of Chapter 42 (§ 15. See Virginia Code 15.2-2201
• plat of subdivision: means the schematic representation of land divided or to be divided and information in accordance with the provisions of §§ 15. See Virginia Code 15.2-2201
• Plea agreement: An arrangement between the prosecutor, the defense attorney, and the defendant in which the defendant agrees to plead guilty in exchange for special considerations. ^Source:
• Point source pollution: means pollution of state waters resulting from any discernible, defined or discrete conveyances. See Virginia Code 10.1-2117
• Police department: means that organization established by ordinance by a local governing body that is responsible for the prevention and detection of crime, the apprehension of criminals, the safeguard of life and property, the preservation of peace and the enforcement of state and local laws, regulations, and ordinances. See Virginia Code 9.1-165
• political party: means an organization of citizens of the Commonwealth which, at either of the two preceding statewide general elections, received at least 10 percent of the total vote cast for any statewide office filled in that election. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Political party office: means an elective office in the national or state organization of a political party, as defined in § 24. See Virginia Code 30-391
• Polling place: means the structure that contains the one place provided for each precinct at which the qualified voters who are residents of the precinct may vote. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Pollution: means such alteration of the physical, chemical or biological properties of any state waters resulting from sediment deposition as will or is likely to create a nuisance or render such waters (i) harmful or detrimental or injurious to the public health, safety or welfare, or to the health of animals, fish or aquatic life; (ii) unsuitable with reasonable treatment for use as present or possible future sources of public water supply; or (iii) unsuitable for recreational, commercial, industrial, agricultural, or other reasonable uses. See Virginia Code 10.1-1181.1
• Pollution prevention: means eliminating or reducing the use, generation or release at the source of environmental waste. See Virginia Code 10.1-1425.10
• Population served by police departments: means the total base year population of the Commonwealth less the population served by sheriffs only. See Virginia Code 9.1-165
• Population served by sheriffs only: means the total base year population of those counties without a police department, less the latest available estimate from the United States Bureau of the Census of the total population of towns, or portions of towns, having police departments, located in such counties. See Virginia Code 9.1-165
• Potential crime rate: means the number of crimes per 100,000 persons in the base year population for each city or eligible county, as derived from the distribution formula. See Virginia Code 9.1-165
• Power of attorney: A written instrument which authorizes one person to act as another's agent or attorney. The power of attorney may be for a definite, specific act, or it may be general in nature. The terms of the written power of attorney may specify when it will expire. If not, the power of attorney usually expires when the person granting it dies. ^{Source: OCC}
• Precedent: A court decision in an earlier case with facts and law similar to a dispute currently before a court. Precedent will ordinarily govern the decision of a later similar case, unless a party can show that it was wrongly decided or that it differed in some significant way.
• Precinct: means the territory designated by the governing body of a county, city, or town to be served by one polling place. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Preferred shares: means a class or series of shares whose holders have preference over any other class or series of shares with respect to distributions. See Virginia Code 13.1-729
• Preliminary subdivision plat: means the proposed schematic representation of development or subdivision that establishes how the provisions of §§ 15. See Virginia Code 15.2-2201
• Premarital agreement: means an agreement between prospective spouses made in contemplation of marriage and to be effective upon marriage. See Virginia Code 20-148
• Prepared food: means a food or beverage prepared for consumption on or off a food vendor's premises, using any cooking or food preparation technique. See Virginia Code 10.1-1414
• Prescribed burning: means the controlled application of fire or wildland fuels in either the natural or modified state, under specified environmental conditions, which allows a fire to be confined to a predetermined area and produces the fire behavior and fire characteristics necessary to attain planned fire treatment and ecological, silvicultural, and wildlife management objectives. See Virginia Code 10.1-1150.1
• Prescription: means a written statement defining the objectives to be attained by a prescribed burning and the conditions of temperature, humidity, wind direction and speed, fuel moisture, and soil moisture under which a fire will be allowed to burn. See Virginia Code 10.1-1150.1
• present sale: means a sale which is accomplished by the making of the contract. See Virginia Code 8.2-106
• Present value: means the amount as of a date certain of one or more sums payable in the future, discounted to the date certain. See Virginia Code 8.2A-103
• President pro tempore: A constitutionally recognized officer of the Senate who presides over the chamber in the absence of the Vice President. The President Pro Tempore (or, "president for a time") is elected by the Senate and is, by custom, the Senator of the majority party with the longest record of continuous service.
• Presiding officer: A majority-party Senator who presides over the Senate and is charged with maintaining order and decorum, recognizing Members to speak, and interpreting the Senate's rules, practices and precedents.
• Principal office: means the office, in or out of the Commonwealth, where the principal executive offices of a domestic or foreign corporation are located, or, if there are no such offices, the office, in or out of the Commonwealth, so designated by the board of directors. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Principal office: means the office, in or out of the Commonwealth, where the principal executive offices of a domestic or foreign corporation are located, or, if there are no such offices, the office, in or out of the Commonwealth, so designated by the board of directors. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Private entities: means dam owners, whether individuals, partnerships, corporations, or other nongovernmental entities. See Virginia Code 10.1-603.16
• Private investigator: means any individual who engages in the business of, or accepts employment to make, investigations to obtain information on (i) crimes or civil wrongs; (ii) the location, disposition, or recovery of stolen property; (iii) the cause of accidents, fires, damages, or injuries to persons or to property; or (iv) evidence to be used before any court, board, officer, or investigative committee. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Private organic rules: means (i) the bylaws of a domestic or foreign corporation or nonstock corporation or (ii) the rules, regardless of whether in writing, that govern the internal affairs of an unincorporated entity, are binding on all its interest holders, and are not part of its public organic record. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Private provider: means a private entity that provides cable television services. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.2
• Private security services business: means any person engaged in the business of providing, or who undertakes to provide, armored car personnel, security officers, personal protection specialists, private investigators, couriers, security canine handlers, security canine teams, detector canine handlers, detector canine teams, alarm respondents, locksmiths, central station dispatchers, electronic security employees, electronic security sales representatives or electronic security technicians and their assistants to another person under contract, express or implied. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Private security services instructor: means any individual certified by the Department to provide mandated instruction in private security subjects for a certified private security services training school. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Private security services training school: means any person certified by the Department to provide instruction in private security subjects for the training of private security services business personnel in accordance with this article. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Pro forma session: In the U.S. Congress, a brief meeting (sometimes only several seconds) in which no business is conducted. It is held usually to satisfy a constitutional obligation that neither chamber can adjourn for more than three days without the consent of the other.
• Probable cause: A reasonable ground for belief that the offender violated a specific law.
• Probate: Proving a will
• Probation: A sentencing alternative to imprisonment in which the court releases convicted defendants under supervision as long as certain conditions are observed.
• Probation officers: Screen applicants for pretrial release and monitor convicted offenders released under court supervision.
• Proceeding: means a judicial, administrative, arbitral, or other adjudicative process before a tribunal, including related prehearing and post-hearing motions, conferences, and discovery. See Virginia Code 20-168
• Proceeding: means any threatened, pending, or completed action, suit, or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, arbitrative, or investigative and whether formal or informal. See Virginia Code 13.1-696
• Proceeding: includes civil suit and criminal, administrative, and investigatory action. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Proceeding: includes civil suit and criminal, administrative and investigatory action conducted by a governmental agency. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Professional degree program: means an accredited graduate level program of study offered by a Virginia institution of higher education that has been accepted for participation in the Program by the Brown v. See Virginia Code 30-231.01
• Professional services in nursing homes: means services provided in a nursing home, as that term is defined in clause (iv) of the definition of health care provider in this section, by a health care provider related to health care, staffing to provide patient care, psycho-social services, personal hygiene, hydration, nutrition, fall assessments or interventions, patient monitoring, prevention and treatment of medical conditions, diagnosis or therapy. See Virginia Code 8.01-581.1
• Proffer condition amendment: means an amendment to an existing proffer statement applicable to a property or properties. See Virginia Code 15.2-2303.4
• Program: means the Stream Restoration Assistance Program. See Virginia Code 10.1-650
• Program: means the provisions of the Public Beach Conservation and Development Act. See Virginia Code 10.1-705
• Program: means the Brown v. See Virginia Code 30-231.01
• Project: means (i) the installation or construction by a wireless services provider or wireless infrastructure provider of a new structure or (ii) the co-location on any existing structure of a wireless facility that is not a small cell facility. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.3
• Project: means the development and implementation of activities or measures performed to eliminate, prevent, reduce, or mitigate damages caused by flooding or to identify flood hazards; the design, repair, and safety modifications of a dam or impounding structure, as defined in § 10. See Virginia Code 10.1-603.16
• Project: means (i) home upgrades for resilience purposes, home buyouts necessary for the construction of mitigation or resilience projects, relocations, and buyout assistance for homes, all including multifamily units; (ii) gap funding related to buyouts in order to move residents out of floodplain hazard areas and restore or enhance the natural flood mitigation capacity of functioning floodplains; (iii) assistance to low-income and moderate-income homeowners to help lower flood risk through structural and nonstructural mitigation projects, or other means; (iv) loans and grants to persons for hazard mitigation and infrastructure improvement projects for resilience purposes; and (v) projects identified in the Virginia Flood Protection Master Plan or the Virginia Coastal Resilience Master Plan. See Virginia Code 10.1-603.28
• Project: means all or any part of the following activities necessary or desirable for the restoration and redevelopment of a brownfield site: (i) environmental or cultural resource site assessments, (ii) monitoring, remediation, cleanup, or containment of property to remove hazardous substances, hazardous wastes, solid wastes or petroleum, (iii) the lawful and necessary removal of human remains, the appropriate treatment of grave sites, and the appropriate and necessary treatment of significant archaeological resources, or the stabilization or restoration of structures listed on or eligible for the Virginia Historic Landmarks Register, (iv) demolition and removal of existing structures, or other site work necessary to make a site or certain real property usable for economic development, and (v) development of a remediation and reuse plan. See Virginia Code 10.1-1230
• Project: means the construction, improvement, furnishing, maintenance, acquisition or operation of any facility that will further the purposes of the Authority, together with all property, rights, easements and interests which may be acquired by the Authority. See Virginia Code 10.1-1600
• Property: means an interest, present or future, legal or equitable, vested or contingent, in real or personal property, including income and earnings. See Virginia Code 20-148
• Property: means land and personal property, and any right, title, interest, estate or claim in or to such property. See Virginia Code 25.1-100
• Property bail bondsman: means a person licensed pursuant to this article who, for compensation, enters into a bond or does so through his agent and who pledges real property, cash or certificates of deposit issued by a federally insured institution, or any combination thereof as security for a bond as defined in § 19. See Virginia Code 9.1-185
• Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
• Prospective party: means a person who discusses with a prospective collaborative lawyer the possibility of signing a collaborative law participation agreement. See Virginia Code 20-168
• Public beach: means a sandy beach located on a tidal shoreline suitable for bathing in a county, city or town and open to indefinite public use. See Virginia Code 10.1-705
• Public body: means any entity defined in § 10. See Virginia Code 10.1-1009
• Public body: means any state agency having authority to acquire land for a public use, or any county or municipality, any park authority, any public recreational facilities authority, any soil and water conservation district, any community development authority formed pursuant to Article 6 (§ 15. See Virginia Code 10.1-1700
• Public corporation: means a corporation that has shares listed on a national securities exchange or regularly traded in a market maintained by one or more members of a national or affiliated securities association. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Public corporation: means the Commonwealth of Virginia or any political subdivision thereof or any incorporated municipality therein or any public agency of the Commonwealth or of any political subdivision thereof or of any municipality therein. See Virginia Code 1-219.1
• Public defender: Represent defendants who can't afford an attorney in criminal matters.
• Public facilities: means public transportation facilities, public safety facilities, public school facilities, or public parks. See Virginia Code 15.2-2303.4
• Public facilities: means (i) airports, landing fields, and air navigation facilities; (ii) educational facilities; (iii) flood control, bank and shore protection, watershed protection, and dams; (iv) hospital facilities; (v) judicial and court facilities; (vi) correctional facilities, including jails and penitentiaries; (vii) library facilities; (viii) military installations; (ix) parks so designated by the Commonwealth or by the locality in its comprehensive plan; (x) properties of historical significance so designated by the Commonwealth; (xi) law enforcement, fire, emergency medical, and rescue facilities; (xii) sanitary sewer, water or stormwater facilities; (xiii) transportation facilities including highways, roads, streets, and bridges, traffic signals, related easements and rights-of-way, mass transit, ports, and any components of federal, state, or local transportation facilities; (xiv) waste management facilities for hazardous, radioactive, or other waste; (xv) office facilities occupied by a public corporation; and (xvi) such other facilities that are necessary to the construction, maintenance, or operation of a public facility as listed in clauses (i) through (xv) and directly related thereto. See Virginia Code 1-219.1
• Public facility improvement: means an offsite public transportation facility improvement, a public safety facility improvement, a public school facility improvement, or an improvement to or construction of a public park. See Virginia Code 15.2-2303.4
• Public law: A public bill or joint resolution that has passed both chambers and been enacted into law. Public laws have general applicability nationwide.
• Public organic record: means (i) the articles of incorporation of a domestic or foreign corporation or nonstock corporation or (ii) the document, the filing of which is required to create an unincorporated entity. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• public park: shall include playgrounds and other recreational facilities. See Virginia Code 15.2-2303.4
• Public place: means any area that is used or held out for use by the public, whether owned or operated by public or private interests. See Virginia Code 10.1-1414
• public right-of-way: as used in this chapter means any area over which the public has a general privilege to travel. See Virginia Code 15.2-2000
• Public safety facility improvement: means construction of new law-enforcement, fire, emergency medical, and rescue facilities or expansion of existing public safety facilities, to include all buildings, structures, parking, and other costs directly related thereto. See Virginia Code 15.2-2303.4
• Public school facility improvement: means construction of new primary and secondary public schools or expansion of existing primary and secondary public schools, to include all buildings, structures, parking, and other costs directly related thereto. See Virginia Code 15.2-2303.4
• Public transportation facility improvement: means (i) construction of new roads; (ii) improvement or expansion of existing roads and related appurtenances as required by applicable standards of the Virginia Department of Transportation, or the applicable standards of a locality; and (iii) construction, improvement, or expansion of buildings, structures, parking, and other facilities directly related to transit. See Virginia Code 15.2-2303.4
• Publicly owned treatment works: means a publicly owned sewage collection system consisting of pipelines or conduits, pumping stations and force mains, and all other construction, devices, and appliances appurtenant thereto, or any equipment, plant, treatment works, structure, machinery, apparatus, interest in land, or any combination of these, not including an onsite sewage system, that is used, operated, acquired, or constructed for the storage, collection, treatment, neutralization, stabilization, reduction, recycling, reclamation, separation, or disposal of wastewater, or for the final disposal of residues resulting from the treatment of sewage, including but not limited to: treatment or disposal plants; outfall sewers, interceptor sewers, and collector sewers; pumping and ventilating stations, facilities, and works; and other real or personal property and appurtenances incident to their development, use, or operation. See Virginia Code 10.1-2117
• Purchase: includes taking by sale, lease, mortgage, security interest, pledge, gift, or any other voluntary transaction creating an interest in goods. See Virginia Code 8.2A-103
• Putative shares: means the shares of any class or series of the corporation, including shares issued upon exercise of rights, options, warrants, or other securities convertible into shares of the corporation, or interests with respect to such shares, that were created or issued as a result of a defective corporate action, that (i) but for any failure of authorization would constitute valid shares or (ii) cannot be determined by the board of directors to be valid shares. See Virginia Code 13.1-614.1
• Pyrolysis: means a manufacturing process through which post-use polymers are heated in the absence of oxygen until melted and thermally decomposed and are then cooled, condensed, and converted to crude oil, diesel fuel, gasoline, home heating oil, ethanol, transportation fuel, other fuels, chemicals, waxes, lubricants, chemical feedstocks, diesel and gasoline blendstocks, or other valuable raw, intermediate, or final products that are returned to economic utility in the form of raw materials, products, or fuels. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Qualified voter: means a person who is entitled to vote pursuant to the Constitution of Virginia and who is (i) 18 years of age on or before the day of the election or qualified pursuant to § 24. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Qualifying project: means the same as that term is defined in the Public-Private Education Facilities and Infrastructure Act of 2002. See Virginia Code 30-278
• Real property: means all lands, including improvements and fixtures thereon, and property of any nature appurtenant thereto, or used in connection therewith, and every estate, interest and right, legal or equitable, therein, including terms for years and liens by way of judgment, mortgage or otherwise and the indebtedness secured by such liens. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Reasonable medical and ancillary costs: means the costs of the performance of assisted conception, the costs of prenatal maternal health care, the costs of maternal and child health care for a reasonable postpartum period, the reasonable costs for medications and maternity clothes, and any additional and reasonable costs for housing and other living expenses attributable to the pregnancy. See Virginia Code 20-156
• Receiving area: means one or more areas identified by an ordinance and designated by the comprehensive plan as an area authorized to receive development rights transferred from a sending area. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.1
• Receiving property: means a lot or parcel within a receiving area and within which development rights are increased pursuant to a transfer of development rights affixed to the property. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.1
• Record: means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form. See Virginia Code 20-168
• Record: means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form. See Virginia Code 8.7-102
• Record date: means the date established under Article 7 (§ 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Record date: means the date fixed for determining the identity of the corporation's shareholders and their shareholdings for purposes of this chapter. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Record shareholder: means (i) the person in whose name shares are registered in the records of the corporation or (ii) the person identified as the beneficial owner of shares in a beneficial ownership certificate pursuant to § 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Recourse: An arrangement in which a bank retains, in form or in substance, any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bank's claim on the asset. If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold, then the retention of any credit risk is recourse. ^{Source: FDIC}
• Recycling: means the process of separating a given waste material from the waste stream and processing it so that it may be used again as a raw material for a product which may or may not be similar to the original product. See Virginia Code 10.1-1414
• Recycling residue: means the (i) nonmetallic substances, including plastic, rubber, and insulation, that remain after a shredder has separated for purposes of recycling the ferrous and nonferrous metal from a motor vehicle, appliance, or other discarded metallic item and (ii) organic waste remaining after removal of metals, glass, plastics, and paper that are to be recycled as part of a resource recovery process for municipal solid waste resulting in the production of a refuse derived fuel. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Reenacted: when used in the title or enactment of a bill or act of the General Assembly, means that the changes enacted to a section of the Code of Virginia or an act of the General Assembly are in addition to the existing substantive provisions in that section or act, and are effective prospectively unless the bill expressly provides that such changes are effective retroactively on a specified date. See Virginia Code 1-238
• Region: means a planning district; however, by agreement of the localities of the planning district, localities which are not part of a planning district may be added to the region if the locality's governing body by vote agrees to become part of the region. See Virginia Code 15.2-1307
• Regional partnership: means an organization composed of government, business, education and civic leaders approved by the local governing bodies of the region to carry out the provisions of this chapter. See Virginia Code 15.2-1307
• Registered voter: means any person who is maintained on the Virginia voter registration system. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Registration: means a method of regulation whereby certain personnel employed by a private security services business are required to register with the Department pursuant to this article. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Registration records: means all official records concerning the registration of qualified voters and shall include all records, lists, applications, and files, whether maintained in books, on cards, on automated data bases, or by any other legally permitted record-keeping method. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Regular flood insurance program: means a program of insurance under the national flood insurance program, for which the Federal Insurance Administrator has issued a flood insurance rate map and applicable actuarial rates, and under which new construction will not be eligible for flood insurance except at the applicable actuarial rates. See Virginia Code 10.1-600
• regulation: means any statement of general application, having the force of law, affecting the rights or conduct of any person, adopted by an agency in accordance with the authority conferred on it by applicable basic laws. See Virginia Code 30-73.1
• Related to a collaborative matter: means involving the same parties, transaction or occurrence, nucleus of operative fact, dispute, claim, or issue as the collaborative matter. See Virginia Code 20-168
• Religion: includes any outward expression of religious faith, including adherence to religious dressing and grooming practices and the carrying or display of religious items or symbols. See Virginia Code 15.2-1500.1
• Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
• Remand: When an appellate court sends a case back to a lower court for further proceedings.
• Reporter: Makes a record of court proceedings and prepares a transcript, and also publishes the court's opinions or decisions (in the courts of appeals).
• Rescission: The cancellation of budget authority previously provided by Congress. The Impoundment Control Act of 1974 specifies that the President may propose to Congress that funds be rescinded. If both Houses have not approved a rescission proposal (by passing legislation) within 45 days of continuous session, any funds being withheld must be made available for obligation.
• Reserves: means the total of allowances for loan losses, regular, special, and any other type of funds held in reserve. See Virginia Code 6.2-1300
• Resident curator: means a person, firm, or corporation that leases or otherwise contracts to manage, preserve, maintain, operate, or reside in a historic property in accordance with the provisions of § 15. See Virginia Code 15.2-2201
• Residential housing: means a specific work or improvement within the Commonwealth, whether multifamily residential housing or single-family residential housing undertaken primarily to provide dwelling accommodations, including the acquisition, construction, rehabilitation, preservation or improvement of land, buildings and improvements thereto, for residential housing, and such other nonhousing facilities as may be incidental, related, or appurtenant thereto. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Residentially zoned property: means property zoned or proposed to be zoned for either single-family or multifamily housing. See Virginia Code 15.2-2303.4
• Resilience: means the capability to anticipate, prepare for, respond to, and recover from significant multi-hazard threats with minimum damage to social well-being, health, the economy, and the environment. See Virginia Code 10.1-603.28
• Resource conservation: means reduction of the amounts of solid waste that are generated, reduction of overall resource consumption, and utilization of recovered resources. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Resource recovery: means the recovery of material or energy from solid waste. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Responsible public entity: means a public entity that is an agency or institution of the Commonwealth and that has the power to develop or operate a qualifying project. See Virginia Code 30-278
• Restaurant: means :

  1. See Virginia Code 35.1-1

• Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.
• Retained earnings: means undivided earnings, regular reserve, reserve for contingencies, supplemental reserves, reserves for losses, and other appropriations from undivided earnings as designated by management or the Bureau. See Virginia Code 6.2-1300
• revenue bonds: as used in this article shall embrace notes, bonds and other obligations authorized to be issued pursuant to this article. See Virginia Code 15.2-1749
• Revocable trust: A trust agreement that can be canceled, rescinded, revoked, or repealed by the grantor (person who establishes the trust).
• revolving fund: means the Conservation, Small Watersheds Flood Control and Area Development Fund. See Virginia Code 10.1-636
• RGGI: means the program to implement the memorandum of understanding between signatory states dated December 20, 2005, and as may be amended, and the corresponding model rule that established a regional carbon dioxide electric power sector cap and trade program. See Virginia Code 10.1-1329
• Right of rescission: Right to cancel, within three business days, a contract that uses the home of a person as collateral, except in the case of a first mortgage loan. There is no fee to the borrower, who receives a full refund of all fees paid. The right of rescission is guaranteed by the Truth in Lending Act (TILA). ^{Source: OCC}
• Right of survivorship: The ownership rights that result in the acquisition of title to property by reason of having survived other co-owners.
• River: means a flowing body of water, or a section or portion thereof. See Virginia Code 10.1-400
• Road improvement: includes construction of new roads or improvement or expansion of existing roads and related appurtenances as required by applicable standards of the Virginia Department of Transportation, or the applicable standards of a locality with road maintenance responsibilities, to meet increased demand attributable to new development. See Virginia Code 15.2-2318
• Sanitary landfill: means a disposal facility for solid waste so located, designed, and operated that it does not pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment, including pollution of air, land, surface water, or ground water. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Scenic river: means a river or section or portion of a river that has been designated a "scenic river" by an act of the General Assembly and that possesses superior natural and scenic beauty, fish and wildlife, and historic, recreational, geologic, cultural, and other assets. See Virginia Code 10.1-400
• School board: means the school board that governs a school division. See Virginia Code 22.1-1
• School resource officer: means a certified law-enforcement officer hired by the local law-enforcement agency to provide law-enforcement and security services to Virginia public elementary and secondary schools. See Virginia Code 9.1-101
• schools: means a privately owned and operated preschool, school, or educational organization, no matter how titled, maintained or conducting classes for the purpose of offering instruction for a consideration, profit, or tuition to persons determined to have autism, deaf-blindness, a developmental delay, hearing loss including deafness, intellectual disability, multiple disabilities, an orthopedic impairment, other health impairment, an emotional disturbance, a severe disability, a specific learning disability, a speech or language impairment, a traumatic brain injury, or a visual impairment including blindness. See Virginia Code 22.1-319
• Science-based reading research: means research that (i) applies rigorous, systematic, and objective observational or experimental procedures to obtain valid knowledge relevant to reading development, reading instruction, and reading and writing difficulties and (ii) explains how proficient reading and writing develop, why some children have difficulties developing key literacy skills, and how schools can best assess and instruct early literacy, including the use of evidence-based literacy instruction practices to promote reading and writing achievement. See Virginia Code 22.1-1 v2
• sealing: means to (i) restricting dissemination of criminal history record information contained in the Central Criminal Records Exchange, including any records relating to an arrest, charge, or conviction, in accordance with the purposes set forth in § 19. See Virginia Code 19.2-392.5
• Secretary: means the Secretary of Natural and Historic Resources. See Virginia Code 10.1-1329
• Secretary: means the corporate officer or other individual to whom the board of directors has delegated responsibility under subsection C of § 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Security canine: means a dog that has attended, completed, and been certified as a security canine by a certified security canine handler instructor in accordance with approved Department procedures and certification guidelines. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Security canine handler: means any individual who utilizes his security canine in the performance of private security duties. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Seller: means a person who sells or contracts to sell goods. See Virginia Code 8.2-103
• Sending area: means one or more areas identified by an ordinance and designated by the comprehensive plan as an area from which development rights are authorized to be severed and transferred to a receiving area. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.1
• Sending property: means a lot or parcel within a sending area from which development rights are authorized to be severed. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.1
• Senior executive: means the chief executive officer, chief operating officer, chief financial officer and anyone in charge of a principal business unit or function. See Virginia Code 13.1-729
• Sentencing guidelines: A set of rules and principles established by the United States Sentencing Commission that trial judges use to determine the sentence for a convicted defendant. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
• Severance of development rights: means the process by which development rights from a sending property are severed pursuant to this act. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.1
• Sexual harassment: means unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature when such conduct explicitly or implicitly affects an individual's employment, unreasonably interferes with an individual's work performance, or creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work environment. See Virginia Code 30-129.4
• Share exchange: means a transaction pursuant to § 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• shareholder: means a record shareholder, a beneficial shareholder, and a voting trust beneficial owner whose entitlement to bring the proceeding under this article is not inconsistent with the voting trust agreement. See Virginia Code 13.1-672.7
• Shareholder: means a record shareholder, a beneficial shareholder, and a voting trust beneficial owner. See Virginia Code 13.1-729
• Shareholder: means an entity shown by the records of a corporation to be the owner of one or more shares of its outstanding capital stock. See Virginia Code 13.1-776
• Shareholder: means a record shareholder. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Shares: means the units into which the proprietary interests in a corporation are divided. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Sheriff: shall include deputy sheriffs and such other persons designated in § 15. See Virginia Code 8.01-2
• shore erosion: means the process of destruction by the action of water, wind, or ice of the land bordering any body of water including all rivers and the tidal waters of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 10.1-700
• Sign: means , with present intent to authenticate or adopt a record, to (i) execute or adopt a tangible symbol or (ii) attach to or logically associate with the record an electronic symbol, sound, or process. See Virginia Code 20-168
• signature: means , with present intent to authenticate or adopt a document: (i) to execute or adopt a tangible symbol to a document, and includes any manual, facsimile, or conformed signature; or (ii) to attach to or logically associate with an electronic transmission an electronic sound, symbol, or process, and includes an electronic signature in an electronic transmission. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• signature: means , with present intent to authenticate or adopt a document: (i) to execute or adopt a tangible symbol to a document, and includes any manual, facsimile, or conformed signature; or (ii) to attach to or logically associate with an electronic transmission an electronic sound, symbol, or process, and includes an electronic signature in an electronic transmission. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Significant discharger: means (i) a publicly owned treatment works discharging to the Chesapeake Bay watershed with a design capacity of 0. See Virginia Code 10.1-2117
• Silvicultural activity: means any forest management activity, including but not limited to the harvesting of timber, the construction of roads and trails for forest management purposes, and the preparation of property for reforestation. See Virginia Code 10.1-1181.1
• Single-family residential housing: means residential housing consisting of four or fewer dwelling units, the person or family owning or intending to acquire such dwelling units, upon completion of the construction, rehabilitation, or improvement thereof, also occupying or intending to occupy one of such dwelling units. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Sinkhole: means a closed topographic depression or basin, generally draining underground, including, but not restricted to, a doline, uvala, blind valley, or sink. See Virginia Code 10.1-1000
• Site: means a geographical area on dry land that contains any evidence of human activity that is or may be the source of important historic, scientific, archaeologic, or educational data or objects. See Virginia Code 10.1-2300
• Site plan: means the proposal for a development or a subdivision including all covenants, grants or easements and other conditions relating to use, location and bulk of buildings, density of development, common open space, public facilities and such other information as required by the subdivision ordinance to which the proposed development or subdivision is subject. See Virginia Code 15.2-2201
• Sludge: means any solid, semisolid, or liquid wastes with similar characteristics and effects generated from a public, municipal, commercial, or industrial wastewater treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, air pollution control facility, or any other waste-producing facility. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Small area comprehensive plan: means that portion of a comprehensive plan adopted pursuant to § 15. See Virginia Code 15.2-2303.4
• Small business: means a business located in Virginia that (i) employs 100 or fewer people and (ii) is a small business concern as defined in the federal Small Business Act (15 U. See Virginia Code 10.1-1197.1
• Small cell facility: means a wireless facility that meets both of the following qualifications: (i) each antenna is located inside an enclosure of no more than six cubic feet in volume, or, in the case of an antenna that has exposed elements, the antenna and all of its exposed elements could fit within an imaginary enclosure of no more than six cubic feet and (ii) all other wireless equipment associated with the facility has a cumulative volume of no more than 28 cubic feet, or such higher limit as is established by the Federal Communications Commission. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.3
• Small renewable energy project: means (i) an electrical generation facility with a rated capacity not exceeding 150 megawatts that generates electricity only from sunlight or wind; (ii) an electrical generation facility with a rated capacity not exceeding 100 megawatts that generates electricity only from falling water, wave motion, tides, or geothermal power; (iii) an electrical generation facility with a rated capacity not exceeding 20 megawatts that generates electricity only from biomass, energy from waste, or municipal solid waste; (iv) an energy storage facility that uses electrochemical cells to convert chemical energy with a rated capacity not exceeding 150 megawatts; or (v) a hybrid project composed of an electrical generation facility that meets the parameters established in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) and an energy storage facility that meets the parameters established in clause (iv). See Virginia Code 10.1-1197.5
• soil and water conservation district: means a political subdivision of this Commonwealth organized in accordance with the provisions of this chapter. See Virginia Code 10.1-500
• Solar facilities: means commercial solar photovoltaic (electric energy) generation facilities. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.6
• Solar project: means the solar facilities, subject to this chapter, that are within the project site. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.6
• Sole custody: means that one person retains responsibility for the care and control of a child and has primary authority to make decisions concerning the child. See Virginia Code 20-124.1
• Sole ownership: The type of property ownership in which one individual holds legal title to the property and has full control of it.
• Solid waste: means any garbage, refuse, sludge, and other discarded material, including solid, liquid, semisolid, or contained gaseous material, resulting from industrial, commercial, mining, and agricultural operations, or community activities, but does not include (i) solid or dissolved material in domestic sewage; (ii) solid or dissolved material in irrigation return flows or in industrial discharges that are sources subject to a permit from the State Water Control Board; (iii) source, special nuclear, or by-product material as defined by the Federal Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended; or (iv) post-use polymers or recovered feedstocks that are (a) processed at an advanced recycling facility or (b) held at or held for the purpose of conversion at such advanced recycling facility prior to conversion. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Solid waste management facility: means a site used for planned treating, long-term storage, or disposing of solid waste. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Solvolysis: includes hydrolysis, aminolysis, ammonolysis, methanolysis, and glycolysis. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Somatic cell: means a mature, diploid cell, i. See Virginia Code 32.1-162.21
• Somatic cell nuclear transfer: means transferring the nucleus of a somatic cell of an existing or deceased human into an oocyte from which the chromosomes are removed or rendered inert. See Virginia Code 32.1-162.21
• Special exception: means a special use that is a use not permitted in a particular district except by a special use permit granted under the provisions of this chapter and any zoning ordinances adopted herewith. See Virginia Code 15.2-2201
• Special order: means an administrative order issued to any party that has a stated duration of not more than twelve months and that may include a civil penalty of not more than $10,000. See Virginia Code 10.1-1182
• Special order: means a special order issued under § 10. See Virginia Code 10.1-1300
• Special order: means a special order or emergency special order issued under subsection B or C of § 10. See Virginia Code 10.1-1181.1
• Specific public benefit: means a benefit that serves one or more public welfare, religious, charitable, scientific, literary, or educational purposes, or other purpose or benefit beyond the strict interest of the shareholders of the benefit corporation, including:

  1. See Virginia Code 13.1-782

• Sperm: means the male gametes or reproductive cells which impregnate the ova. See Virginia Code 20-156
• Standard process project: means any project other than an administrative review-eligible project. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.3
• State: means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. See Virginia Code 10.1-1238
• State agency: means any (i) department, agency or instrumentality of the Commonwealth; (ii) public authority, municipal corporation, local governmental unit or political subdivision of the Commonwealth or any department, agency or instrumentality thereof; (iii) person who has the authority to acquire property by eminent domain under state law; or (iv) two or more of the aforementioned that carry out projects that cause persons to be displaced. See Virginia Code 25.1-100
• State aid to localities with police: means that amount which bears the same relationship to the population served by police departments as state aid to sheriff-only localities bears to the population served by sheriffs only. See Virginia Code 9.1-165
• State aid to sheriff-only localities: means the estimated total amount for salaries and expenses to be paid by the Commonwealth, pursuant to Article 3 (§ 15. See Virginia Code 9.1-165
• State archaeological site: means an area designated by the Department in which it is reasonable to expect to find objects of antiquity. See Virginia Code 10.1-2300
• State archaeologist: means the individual designated pursuant to § 10. See Virginia Code 10.1-2300
• State Board: means the Board of Education. See Virginia Code 22.1-1
• State Board: means the State Board of Health. See Virginia Code 35.1-1
• State Fire Marshal: means the State Fire Marshal as provided for by § 9. See Virginia Code 27-95
• state forest: means lands acquired for the Commonwealth by purchase, gift or lease pursuant to this section. See Virginia Code 10.1-1107
• State institution: means any (i) institution enumerated in § 23. See Virginia Code 25.1-100
• State waters: means all waters on the surface or under the ground, wholly or partially within or bordering the Commonwealth or within its jurisdictions. See Virginia Code 10.1-2117
• State-controlled land: includes state parks, state wildlife areas, state recreation areas, highway rights-of-way, and state-owned easements. See Virginia Code 10.1-2300
• State-owned lands: means forest land owned or managed by the various departments, agencies and institutions of the Commonwealth and designated by the Department in cooperation with the Division of Engineering and Buildings of the Department of General Services as being of sufficient size and value to benefit from a forest management plan. See Virginia Code 10.1-1121
• Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights.
• Stream restoration: means any combination of structural and vegetative measures which may be taken to restore, stabilize, and protect a natural stream which has been damaged by severe flooding and is consequently subject to continual accelerated erosion or other detrimental effects. See Virginia Code 10.1-650
• Street: means highway, street, avenue, boulevard, road, lane, alley, or any public way. See Virginia Code 15.2-2201
• Sublease: means a lease of goods the right to possession and use of which was acquired by the lessor as a lessee under an existing lease. See Virginia Code 8.2A-103
• Subscriber: means a person who lawfully receives cable television services. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.2
• Subscriber: means a person who subscribes for shares in a corporation, whether before or after incorporation. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Subsidiary: means , in relation to an individual, an entity in which the individual either (i) owns directly or indirectly equity interests entitled to cast a majority of the votes entitled to be cast generally in an election of directors or members of the governing body of the entity or (ii) otherwise owns or controls voting or contractual power to exercise effective governing control of the entity. See Virginia Code 13.1-782
• Subsidiary: means , as to any corporation, any other corporation of which it owns, directly or indirectly, voting shares entitled to cast a majority of the votes entitled to be cast generally in an election of directors of such other corporation. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Substance abuse: means the same as that term is defined in § 37. See Virginia Code 9.1-193
• Summer camp: means any building, tent, or vehicle, or group of buildings, tents, or vehicles, if operated as one place or establishment, or any other place or establishment, public or private, together with the land and waters adjacent thereto, that is operated or used in this Commonwealth for the entertainment, education, recreation, religious instruction or activities, physical education, or health of persons under 18 years of age who are not related to the operator of such place or establishment by blood or marriage within the third degree of consanguinity or affinity, if 12 or more such persons at any one time are accommodated, gratuitously or for compensation, overnight and during any portion of more than two consecutive days. See Virginia Code 35.1-1
• Summons: Another word for subpoena used by the criminal justice system.
• Superintendent: means the Superintendent of Public Instruction. See Virginia Code 22.1-1
• Superintendent: means the Superintendent of Public Instruction. See Virginia Code 22.1-319
• Supervisor: means a member of the board of supervisors of a county. See Virginia Code 15.2-102
• Supervisor: means any individual who directly or indirectly supervises registered or certified private security services business personnel. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Supplier: means a person from whom a lessor buys or leases goods to be leased under a finance lease. See Virginia Code 8.2A-103
• supplies: means any articles or things, including equipment, which are used by or furnished to any department, institution, office, board or other agency of county government. See Virginia Code 15.2-1234
• Supply contract: means a contract under which a lessor buys or leases goods to be leased. See Virginia Code 8.2A-103
• Surety bail bondsman: means a person licensed pursuant to this article who is also licensed by the State Corporation Commission as a property and casualty insurance agent, and who sells, solicits, or negotiates surety insurance as defined in § 38. See Virginia Code 9.1-185
• Surrogacy contract: means an agreement between the intended parent, a surrogate, and her spouse, if any, in which the surrogate agrees to be impregnated through the use of assisted conception, to carry any resulting fetus, and to relinquish to the intended parent the custody of and parental rights to any resulting child. See Virginia Code 20-156
• Surrogate: means any adult woman who agrees to bear a child carried for the intended parent. See Virginia Code 20-156
• sworn: means "affirm" or "affirmed. See Virginia Code 1-250
• System: means the Virginia Patient Level Data System. See Virginia Code 32.1-276.3
• Temporary restraining order: Prohibits a person from an action that is likely to cause irreparable harm. This differs from an injunction in that it may be granted immediately, without notice to the opposing party, and without a hearing. It is intended to last only until a hearing can be held.
• Tenancy in common: A type of property ownership in which two or more individuals have an undivided interest in property. At the death of one tenant in common, his (her) fractional percentage of ownership in the property passes to the decedent
• Third-party standard: means a recognized standard for defining, reporting, and assessing corporate social and environmental performance that:

  1. See Virginia Code 13.1-782

• Tobacco Assets: means all right, title, and interest in and to the portion of the Foundation Allocation that may be sold to the Corporation from time to time. See Virginia Code 32.1-354
• Transact business: includes the conduct of affairs by any corporation that is not organized for profit. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Transcript: A written, word-for-word record of what was said, either in a proceeding such as a trial or during some other conversation, as in a transcript of a hearing or oral deposition.
• Transfer: means any transaction in which (i) an ownership or other interest in the cable operator is transferred, directly or indirectly, from one person or group of persons to another person or group of persons, so that majority control of the cable operator is transferred; or (ii) the rights and obligations held by the cable operator under the cable franchise granted under this article are transferred or assigned to another person or group of persons. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.19
• Transfer of development rights: means the process by which development rights from a sending property are affixed to one or more receiving properties. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.1
• Transferable development rights: means all or that portion of development rights that are transferred or are transferable. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.1
• transportation: means any movement of property and any packing, loading, or unloading or storage incidental thereto. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Treatment: means any method, technique, or process, including incineration or neutralization, designed to change the physical, chemical, or biological character or composition of any waste to neutralize it or to render it less hazardous or nonhazardous, safer for transport, amenable to recovery or storage, or reduced in volume. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Tree: means any tree of a currently commercially valuable species which is six inches or more in diameter. See Virginia Code 10.1-1162
• Tribunal: means a court, arbitrator, administrative agency, or other body acting in an adjudicative capacity that, after presentation of evidence or legal argument, has jurisdiction to render a decision affecting a party's interest in a matter. See Virginia Code 20-168
• True bill: Another word for indictment.
• Trust account: A general term that covers all types of accounts in a trust department, such as estates, guardianships, and agencies. ^{Source: OCC}
• Unarmed security officer: means a natural person who performs the functions of observation, detection, reporting, or notification of appropriate authorities or designated agents regarding persons or property on the premises he is contracted to protect, and who does not carry or have access to a firearm in the performance of his duties. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Uniform Commercial Code: A set of statutes enacted by the various states to provide consistency among the states' commercial laws. It includes negotiable instruments, sales, stock transfers, trust and warehouse receipts, and bills of lading. ^{Source: OCC}
• United States: includes district, authority, bureau, commission, department, and any other agency of the United States. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• United States: includes any district, authority, bureau, commission, department, or any other agency of the United States. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Unrestricted voting trust beneficial owner: means , with respect to any shareholder rights, a voting trust beneficial owner whose entitlement to exercise the shareholder right in question is not inconsistent with the voting trust agreement. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• User fees: Fees charged to users of goods or services provided by the government. In levying or authorizing these fees, the legislature determines whether the revenue should go into the treasury or should be available to the agency providing the goods or services.
• Usury: Charging an illegally high interest rate on a loan. ^{Source: OCC}
• Utility pole: means a structure owned, operated, or owned and operated by a public utility, local government, or the Commonwealth that is designed specifically for and used to carry lines, cables, or wires for communications, cable television, or electricity. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.3
• Valid shares: means the shares of any class or series of the corporation that have been duly authorized and validly issued in accordance with this chapter, including as a result of ratification or validation under this article. See Virginia Code 13.1-614.1
• Variable Rate: Having a "variable" rate means that the APR changes from time to time based on fluctuations in an external rate, normally the Prime Rate. This external rate is known as the "index." If the index changes, the variable rate normally changes. Also see Fixed Rate.
• Variance: means , in the application of a zoning ordinance, a reasonable deviation from those provisions regulating the shape, size, or area of a lot or parcel of land or the size, height, area, bulk, or location of a building or structure when the strict application of the ordinance would unreasonably restrict the utilization of the property, and such need for a variance would not be shared generally by other properties, and provided such variance is not contrary to the purpose of the ordinance. See Virginia Code 15.2-2201
• Vegetative waste: means decomposable materials generated by yard and lawn care or land-clearing activities and includes, but is not limited to, leaves, grass trimmings, and woody wastes such as shrub and tree prunings, bark, limbs, roots, and stumps. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Vehicle: includes every device capable of being moved upon a public highway and in, upon, or by which any person or property may be transported upon a public highway, except devices moved by human power or used exclusively upon stationary rails or tracks. See Virginia Code 10.1-1414
• Verdict: The decision of a petit jury or a judge.
• Veto: The procedure established under the Constitution by which the President/Governor refuses to approve a bill or joint resolution and thus prevents its enactment into law. A regular veto occurs when the President/Governor returns the legislation to the house in which it originated. The President/Governor usually returns a vetoed bill with a message indicating his reasons for rejecting the measure. In Congress, the veto can be overridden only by a two-thirds vote in both the Senate and the House.
• Video programming: means programming provided by, or generally considered comparable to, programming provided by a television broadcast station. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.19
• Virginia Scenic Rivers System: means those rivers or sections of rivers designated as a scenic river by an act of the General Assembly. See Virginia Code 10.1-400
• Voice vote: A vote in which the Presiding Officer states the question, then asks those in favor and against to say "Yea" or "Nay," respectively, and announces the result according to his or her judgment. The names or numbers of legisators voting on each side are not recorded.
• Voluntary pollution prevention measures: means operational or equipment changes that meet the definition of pollution prevention contained in § 10. See Virginia Code 10.1-1197.1
• Voting group: means all members of one or more classes that under the articles of incorporation or this chapter are entitled to vote and be counted together collectively on a matter at a meeting of members. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Voting group: means all shares of one or more classes or series that under the articles of incorporation or this chapter are entitled to vote and be counted together collectively on a matter at a meeting of shareholders. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Voting power: means the current power to vote in the election of directors. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Voting trust beneficial owner: means an owner of a beneficial interest in shares of the corporation held in a voting trust established pursuant to subsection A of § 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Warehouseman: is a person engaged in the business of storing goods for hire. See Virginia Code 8.7-102
• Waste: means any solid, hazardous, or radioactive waste as defined in this section. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Waste management: means the collection, source separation, storage, transportation, transfer, processing, treatment, and disposal of waste or resource recovery. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Water Quality Improvement Grants: means grants available from the Fund for projects of local governments, institutions of higher education, and individuals (i) to achieve nutrient reduction goals in regulations, permits, or the Chesapeake Bay TMDL Watershed Implementation Plan or (ii) to achieve other water quality restoration, protection or enhancement benefits. See Virginia Code 10.1-2117
• Watercourse: means a natural channel having a well-defined bed and banks and in which water normally flows. See Virginia Code 10.1-604
• Watercraft: means any boat, ship, vessel, barge, or other floating craft. See Virginia Code 10.1-1414
• Wireless facility: means equipment at a fixed location that enables wireless communications between user equipment and a communications network, including (i) equipment associated with wireless services, such as private, broadcast, and public safety services, as well as unlicensed wireless services and fixed wireless services, such as microwave backhaul, and (ii) radio transceivers, antennas, coaxial, or fiber-optic cable, regular and backup power supplies, and comparable equipment, regardless of technological configuration. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.3
• Wireless infrastructure provider: means any person that builds or installs transmission equipment, wireless facilities, or wireless support structures, but that is not a wireless services provider. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.3
• Wireless services: means (i) "personal wireless services" as defined in 47 U. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.3
• Wireless services provider: means a provider of wireless services. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.3
• Wireless support structure: means a freestanding structure, such as a monopole, tower, either guyed or self-supporting, or suitable existing structure or alternative structure designed to support or capable of supporting wireless facilities. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.3
• Wood heater: means a wood stove, pellet stove, wood-fired hydronic heater, wood-burning forced-air furnace, or masonry wood heater, any of which is solely designed for heating a home or a business and with either (i) uncontrolled fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2. See Virginia Code 10.1-1300
• Worker: means an individual employed by a worker cooperative. See Virginia Code 13.1-346
• Worker cooperative: means a corporation incorporated under the provisions of Article 3 (§ 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-346
• Working waterfront: means an area or structure on, over, or adjacent to navigable waters that provides access to the water and is used for water-dependent commercial, industrial, or governmental activities, including commercial and recreational fishing; tourism; aquaculture; boat and ship building, repair, and services; seafood processing and sales; transportation; shipping; marine construction; and military activities. See Virginia Code 15.2-2201
• Working waterfront development area: means an area containing one or more working waterfronts having economic, cultural, or historic public value of such significance as to warrant development and reparation. See Virginia Code 15.2-2201
• Writ of certiorari: An order issued by the Supreme Court directing the lower court to transmit records for a case for which it will hear on appeal.
• written: means any information in the form of a document. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• written: means any information in the form of a document. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Yard waste: means decomposable waste materials generated by yard and lawn care and includes leaves, grass trimmings, brush, wood chips, and shrub and tree trimmings. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400