Minnesota Statutes 514.99 – Nonconsensual Common Law Liens
Subdivision 1.Definitions.
(a) “Public official or employee” means:
Terms Used In Minnesota Statutes 514.99
- Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
- Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
- Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
- Docket: A log containing brief entries of court proceedings.
- Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. Source: U.S. Courts
- Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
- Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
- Person: may extend and be applied to bodies politic and corporate, and to partnerships and other unincorporated associations. See Minnesota Statutes 645.44
- Personal property: All property that is not real property.
- Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
- state: extends to and includes the District of Columbia and the several territories. See Minnesota Statutes 645.44
- Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
- Tax: means any fee, charge, exaction, or assessment imposed by a governmental entity on an individual, person, entity, transaction, good, service, or other thing. See Minnesota Statutes 645.44
- Tort: A civil wrong or breach of a duty to another person, as outlined by law. A very common tort is negligent operation of a motor vehicle that results in property damage and personal injury in an automobile accident.
(1) an elected or appointed official or an employee of a state; a department, agency, or public instrumentality of a state; or a political subdivision of a state; or
(2) an employee of the federal government or a federal agency as defined for purposes of the Federal Tort Claims Act, United States Code, title 28, § 2671.
(b) “Lien” means an encumbrance on property as security for the payment of debt. “Lien” does not include a nonconsensual common law lien.
(c) “Nonconsensual common law lien” means a purported lien that:
(1) is not provided for by a specific state or federal statute;
(2) is not consented to by the owner of the property affected; and
(3) is not a court-imposed equitable or constructive lien. For purposes of this clause, “court” means a federal district court, Minnesota district court, or the Minnesota Tax Court.
Subd. 2.No duty to accept nonconsensual common law liens; notice of invalid lien.
(a) No person has a duty to accept for filing or recording a claim of nonconsensual common law lien unless:
(1) the claim is accompanied by a specific order from a court of competent jurisdiction authorizing the filing of the lien;
(2) the lien statement is accompanied by an affidavit of personal service or service by certified mail of notice of the proposed lien on the subject of the lien; and
(3) the lien statement includes the mailing address of the lien claimant.
(b) No recording officer, recording office, or governmental entity is liable for the acceptance or rejection for filing or recording of a claim of nonconsensual common law lien or a notice invalid lien.
Subd. 3.Petition for release of nonconsensual common law lien.
(a) A person having an interest in real or personal property subject to a recorded claim of a nonconsensual common law lien, who believes the claim of lien is invalid, may petition the district court of the county in which the claim of lien has been recorded for an order, which may be granted ex parte, directing the lien claimant to appear before the court at a time no earlier than six nor later than 21 days following the date of service of the petition and order on the lien claimant, and show cause, if any, why the claim of lien should not be held invalid. The petition must state the grounds upon which relief is requested and must be supported by the affidavit of the petitioner or petitioner’s attorney setting forth a concise statement of the facts upon which the petition is based. The clerk of the court shall assign a case number on the miscellaneous docket to the petition. No filing fee is required. The proceeding must be expedited, and the Rules of Civil Procedure need not apply.
(b) The order to show cause must be served upon the lien claimant by personal service or by mailing copies of the petition and order to the lien claimant at the claimant’s last known address or any other address determined by the court to be likely to give actual notice, or as the court may determine is appropriate, including by publication. If service is by mail, service is deemed complete three days after mailing. The envelopes must bear the return address of the sender. If service is allowed by publication, it must be made at least once a week for not less than two consecutive weeks in a newspaper of general circulation in the county in which the claim of lien has been recorded as designated by the court, with a copy of the last notice mailed first class, postage prepaid to the lien claimant.
(c) The order to show cause must clearly state that if the lien claimant fails to appear at the time and place noted, the claimed lien shall be stricken and released and that the lien claimant may be ordered to pay actual damages and the costs incurred by the petitioner, including reasonable attorney fees.
(d) If, following a hearing on the matter, the court determines that the claimed lien is invalid, the court shall issue an order striking and releasing the claim of lien and shall award actual damages, costs, and reasonable attorney fees to the petitioner to be paid by the lien claimant. If the court determines that the claim of lien is valid, the court shall issue an order so stating and may award costs and reasonable attorney fees to the lien claimant to be paid by the petitioner.
Subd. 4.Liens against public officials and employees.
A claim of lien against a public official or employee based on the performance or nonperformance of that official’s or employee’s duties is invalid unless accompanied by a specific order from a court of competent jurisdiction authorizing the filing of the lien or unless a specific statute authorizes the filing of the lien.
Subd. 5.Penalties.
A person who submits or is responsible for submitting for recording or filing any document purporting to create a nonconsensual common law lien against real property, knowing or having reason to know that the document is forged or groundless, contains a material misstatement or false claim, or is otherwise invalid, is liable to the owner of the real property for not less than $5,000 or for actual damages caused thereby, whichever is greater, together with costs and reasonable attorney fees. Additional punitive damages may be assessed by the court. A grantee or other person purportedly benefited by a recorded document that creates a nonconsensual common law lien against real property and is forged or groundless, contains a material misstatement or false claim, or is otherwise invalid, who willfully refuses to release the document or record upon request of the owner of the real property affected, is liable to the owner for the damages and attorney fees provided in this section.
Subd. 6.
[Repealed, 2002 c 403 s 7]