Terms Used In Alabama Code > Title 13A > Chapter 9

• adult: Any person 19 years of age or over. See Alabama Code 22-8A-3
• ADVANCE DIRECTIVE FOR HEALTH CARE: A writing executed in accordance with Section 22-8A-4 which may include a living will, the appointment of a health care proxy, or both such living will and appointment of a health care proxy. See Alabama Code 22-8A-3
• Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
• Affirmed: In the practice of the appellate courts, the decree or order is declared valid and will stand as rendered in the lower court.
• AID IN DYING: The act of a person providing the means or manner for another person to be able to commit suicide, with actual knowledge that the person deliberately intends on committing suicide by that means or manner. See Alabama Code 22-8B-3
• Annuity: A periodic (usually annual) payment of a fixed sum of money for either the life of the recipient or for a fixed number of years. A series of payments under a contract from an insurance company, a trust company, or an individual. Annuity payments are made at regular intervals over a period of more than one full year.
• Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
• Appellate: About appeals; an appellate court has the power to review the judgement of another lower court or tribunal.
• Appraisal: A determination of property value.
• Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
• ARTIFICIALLY PROVIDED NUTRITION AND HYDRATION: A medical treatment consisting of the administration of food and water through a tube or intravenous line, where the recipient is not required to chew or swallow voluntarily. See Alabama Code 22-8A-3
• ARTIFICIALLY PROVIDED NUTRITIONAL HYDRATION: A medical treatment consisting of the administration of food and water through a tube or intravenous line, where the recipient is not required to chew or swallow voluntarily. See Alabama Code 22-8B-3
• Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
• ATTENDING PHYSICIAN: The physician selected by, or assigned to, the patient who has primary responsibility for the treatment and care of the patient. See Alabama Code 22-8A-3
• Attorney-in-fact: A person who, acting as an agent, is given written authorization by another person to transact business for him (her) out of court.
• Bail: Security given for the release of a criminal defendant or witness from legal custody (usually in the form of money) to secure his/her appearance on the day and time appointed.
• Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
• Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. ^{Source: OCC}
• Bequest: Property gifted by will.
• board: The Board of County Commissioners. See Alabama Code 45-42-122.01
• BUSINESS CORPORATION: A corporation or foreign corporation as defined in Chapter 2. See Alabama Code 45-26-231.06
• CAMPAIGN COMMUNITY: A local geographic region covered by a campaign manager, the exact boundaries determined by a local agency review committee and approved by a state-level steering committee. See Alabama Code 22-8A-15
• CAMPAIGN MANAGER: The participating federation, selected by the local agency review committee, responsible for managing the local state employee combined charitable campaign in each local geographic region or campaign community. See Alabama Code 22-8A-15
• CARDIOPULMONARY CESSATION: A lack of pulse or respiration. See Alabama Code 22-8A-3
• Case law: The law as laid down in cases that have been decided in the decisions of the courts.
• CERTIFICATED OWNERSHIP INTEREST: An ownership interest of a domestic entity represented by a certificate. See Alabama Code 45-26-231.06
• CHARITABLE ORGANIZATION: Any benevolent, philanthropic, or patriotic person, or one purporting to be such, consistent with the then-controlling definition provided in the Internal Revenue Code of the United States of America, which solicits and collects funds for charitable purposes and includes each local, county, or area division within this state of the charitable organization; provided the local, county, or area division has authority and discretion to disburse funds or property otherwise than by transfer to any parent organization. See Alabama Code 45-42-200.10
• CHARITABLE ORGANIZATION: A person or nonprofit corporation who is or holds himself or herself out to be established for a benevolent, educational, philanthropic, humane, scientific, artistic, patriotic, social welfare or advocacy, public health, environmental, conservation, civic, or other eleemosynary purpose, or a person who employs a charitable appeal as the basis for any solicitation or appeal that suggests, directly or indirectly, that the solicitation is for a charitable purpose. See Alabama Code 45-42-200.17
• CHARITABLE PURPOSE: Any charitable, benevolent, philanthropic, humane, patriotic, scientific, artistic, public health, social welfare, advocacy, environmental, conservation, civic, or other eleemosynary purpose as defined and amended, from time to time, by the Internal Revenue Code. See Alabama Code 45-42-200.17
• Codicil: An addition, change, or supplement to a will executed with the same formalities required for the will itself.
• COMMERCIAL CO-VENTURER: Any person who for profit or other commercial consideration conducts, promotes, underwrites, arranges, or sponsors a sale, performance, or event of any kind which is advertised, and which will benefit, to any extent, a charitable or religious organization. See Alabama Code 45-42-200.10
• commissioner: The Commissioner of Agriculture and Industries of the State of Alabama. See Alabama Code 45-4-82.02
• commissioner: The Commissioner of Agriculture and Industries of the State of Alabama. See Alabama Code 45-5-100
• commissioner: The Commissioner of Agriculture and Industries. See Alabama Code 32-6-15
• COMPETENT ADULT: An adult who is alert, capable of understanding a lay description of medical procedures and able to appreciate the consequences of providing, withholding, or withdrawing medical procedures. See Alabama Code 22-8A-3
• Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
• CONSERVATION EASEMENT: A nonpossessory interest of a holder in real property imposing limitations or affirmative obligations the purposes of which include retaining or protecting natural, scenic, or open-space values of real property, assuring its availability for agricultural, silvicultural, forest, recreational, or open-space use, protecting natural resources, maintaining or enhancing air or water quality, or preserving the historical, architectural, archaeological, paleontological, or cultural aspects of real property. See Alabama Code 22-5A-5
• container: Box, carton, package, receptacle, canister, jar, dispenser, or machine that offers a product for sale or distribution, for solicitation purposes. See Alabama Code 45-42-200.17
• contribution: A tangible or intangible benefit that a person transfers to an entity in consideration for an ownership interest in the entity or otherwise in the person's capacity as an owner or a member. See Alabama Code 45-26-231.06
• contribution: The promise or grant of any money or property of any kind or value, including the promise to pay, except payments by members of an organization for membership fees, dues, fines, or assessments, or for services rendered to individual members, if membership in the organization confers a bona fide right, privilege, professional standing, honor, or other direct benefit, other than the right to vote, elect officers, or hold offices, and except money or property received from any governmental authority. See Alabama Code 45-42-200.10
• corporation: Includes a domestic or foreign business corporation as defined in Chapter 2, a domestic or foreign nonprofit corporation as defined in Chapter 3, a domestic or foreign professional corporation as defined in Chapter 4, and those entities specified in Chapter 20 as corporate. See Alabama Code 45-26-231.06
• county: Limestone County, Alabama. See Alabama Code 45-42-122.01
• court: Every court and judge having jurisdiction in a case. See Alabama Code 45-26-231.06
• Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
• dealer: Any person engaged in the business of buying livestock as a dealer as defined in Section 2-15-131(5). See Alabama Code 45-5-100
• DEBTOR IN BANKRUPTCY: A person who is the subject of:

  (A) an order for relief under the United States bankruptcy laws, Title 11, United States Code, or comparable order under a successor statute of general application; or

  (B) a comparable order under federal, state, or foreign law governing insolvency. See Alabama Code 45-26-231.06

• Decedent: A deceased person.
• Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
• deliberately: More than knowing the consequences of an act or action; meaning to consider carefully; done on purpose; intentional; requiring premeditation; with intent to cause the death of a person. See Alabama Code 22-8B-3
• department: The Department of Agriculture and Industries of the State of Alabama. See Alabama Code 45-4-82.02
• Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
• Devise: To gift property by will.
• DISCLOSURE LABEL: A printed or typed notice affixed to a container, in a conspicuous place and accessible to the public, that is easily readable and legible that informs the public of the following:

  a. See Alabama Code 45-42-200.17

• Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
• Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. ^Source:
• Distribution: except as otherwise provided in Section 10A-5A-4. See Alabama Code 45-4-100.01
• domestic: With respect to an entity, that the entity is formed and exists under this title. See Alabama Code 45-26-231.06
• DOMESTIC ENTITY: An organization formed and existing under this title. See Alabama Code 45-26-231.06
• electronic: Relating to technology having electrical, digital, magnetic, wireless, optical, electromagnetic, or similar capabilities. See Alabama Code 45-26-231.06
• ELIGIBLE STATE AGENCY: A state agency that administers the Older Americans Act or the state's Medicaid program or one designated by the Governor, and is an aging and disability resource center working in collaboration with a state respite coalition or organization. See Alabama Code 22-5B-3
• Embezzlement: In most states, embezzlement is defined as theft/larceny of assets (money or property) by a person in a position of trust or responsibility over those assets. Embezzlement typically occurs in the employment and corporate settings. ^{Source: OCC}
• employee: Any person including the heads of departments, chief clerks, and chief deputy sheriff, who is employed in the service of the county on a regular full-time basis. See Alabama Code 45-42-122.01
• entity: A domestic entity or foreign entity. See Alabama Code 45-26-231.06
• Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
• Ex officio: Literally, by virtue of one's office.
• Executor: A male person named in a will to carry out the decedent
• Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.
• FAMILY CAREGIVER: Family members, foster parents, or other adults providing ongoing unpaid care for an adult or child with special needs. See Alabama Code 22-5B-3
• Fee simple: Absolute title to property with no limitations or restrictions regarding the person who may inherit it.
• Felony: A crime carrying a penalty of more than a year in prison.
• Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
• FILING INSTRUMENT: An instrument, document, or statement that is required or authorized by this title to be filed by or for an entity with the filing officer in accordance with Article 4. See Alabama Code 45-26-231.06
• FILING OFFICER: The officer with whom a filing instrument is required or permitted to be filed under Article 4 or under any other provision of this title. See Alabama Code 45-26-231.06
• Finance charge: The total cost of credit a customer must pay on a consumer loan, including interest. The Truth in Lending Act requires disclosure of the finance charge. ^{Source: OCC}
• Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. ^{Source: OCC}
• foreign: With respect to an entity, that the entity is formed and existing under the laws of a jurisdiction other than this state. See Alabama Code 45-26-231.06
• FOREIGN ENTITY: An organization formed and existing under the laws of a jurisdiction other than this state. See Alabama Code 45-26-231.06
• FORGED INSTRUMENT: A written instrument which has been falsely made, completed or altered. See Alabama Code 45-42-122.04
• Forgery: The fraudulent signing or alteration of another's name to an instrument such as a deed, mortgage, or check. The intent of the forgery is to deceive or defraud. ^{Source: OCC}
• Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
• GENERAL PARTNERSHIP: A partnership as defined in Chapter 8A. See Alabama Code 45-26-231.06
• GOVERNING AUTHORITY: A person or group of persons who are entitled to manage and direct the affairs of an entity under this title and the governing documents of the entity, except that if the governing documents of the entity or this title divide the authority to manage and direct the affairs of the entity among different persons or groups of persons according to different matters, governing authority means the person or group of persons entitled to manage and direct the affairs of the entity with respect to a matter under the governing documents of the entity or this title. See Alabama Code 45-26-231.06
• GOVERNING PERSON: A person serving as part of the governing authority of an entity. See Alabama Code 45-26-231.06
• government: Such term is defined as in Section 13A-8-1(5). See Alabama Code 45-42-122.04
• Grace period: The number of days you'll have to pay your bill for purchases in full without triggering a finance charge. ^{Source: Federal Reserve}
• Grantor: The person who establishes a trust and places property into it.
• Guarantor: A party who agrees to be responsible for the payment of another party's debts should that party default. ^{Source: OCC}
• HEALTH CARE PROVIDER: A person who is licensed, certified, registered, or otherwise authorized by the law of this state to administer or provide health care in the ordinary course of business or in the practice of a profession. See Alabama Code 22-8A-3
• HEALTH CARE PROVIDER: Any individual who may be asked to participate in any way in a health care service, including, but not limited to, a physician, physician's assistant, nurse, nurse's aide, medical assistant, hospital employee, clinic employee, nursing home employee, pharmacist, pharmacy employee, researcher, medical or nursing school faculty member, student, or employee, counselor, social worker, or any professional, paraprofessional, or any other person who furnishes or assists in the furnishing of health care services. See Alabama Code 22-8B-3
• HEALTH CARE PROXY: Any person designated to act on behalf of an individual pursuant to Section 22-8A-4. See Alabama Code 22-8A-3
• holder: Either of the following to whom a conservation easement is conveyed:

  a. See Alabama Code 22-5A-5

• Impeachment: (1) The process of calling something into question, as in "impeaching the testimony of a witness." (2) The constitutional process whereby the House of Representatives may "impeach" (accuse of misconduct) high officers of the federal government for trial in the Senate.
• Indemnification: In general, a collateral contract or assurance under which one person agrees to secure another person against either anticipated financial losses or potential adverse legal consequences. ^{Source: FDIC}
• individual: A natural person and the estate of an incompetent or deceased natural person. See Alabama Code 45-26-231.06
• Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
• INTENT TO DEFRAUD: A purpose to use deception, as defined in Section 13A-8-1(1), or to injure another person's interest which has value, as defined in Section 13A-8-1(14). See Alabama Code 45-42-122.04
• Intestate: Dying without leaving a will.
• JUDGE OF PROBATE: The judge of probate of the county in which a domestic entity's certificate of formation is filed, or, with respect to a statement of authority under Chapter 8A, which is to be filed in the real property records of a particular county, the judge of probate of the county in which that statement is filed. See Alabama Code 45-26-231.06
• Judgement: The official decision of a court finally determining the respective rights and claims of the parties to a suit.
• law: Unless the context requires otherwise, both statutory and common law. See Alabama Code 45-26-231.06
• Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). ^{Source: OCC}
• Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
• LIFE-SUSTAINING TREATMENT: Any medical treatment, procedure, or intervention that, in the judgment of the attending physician, when applied to the patient, would serve only to prolong the dying process where the patient has a terminal illness or injury, or would serve only to maintain the patient in a condition of permanent unconsciousness. See Alabama Code 22-8A-3
• LIFE-SUSTAINING TREATMENT: Any medical treatment, procedure, or intervention that, in the judgment of the attending physician, when applied to the patient, would serve only to prolong the dying process where the patient has a terminal illness or injury, or would serve only to maintain the patient in a condition of permanent unconsciousness. See Alabama Code 22-8B-3
• LIFESPAN RESPITE CARE: Coordinated systems of accessible, community-based respite care services for family caregivers of children or adults with special needs. See Alabama Code 22-5B-3
• LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY: A limited liability company as defined in Chapter 5A. See Alabama Code 45-26-231.06
• Limited liability company agreement: means any agreement (whether referred to as a limited liability company agreement, operating agreement or otherwise), written, oral or implied, of the member or members as to the activities and affairs of a limited liability company or series thereof. See Alabama Code 45-4-100.01
• LIMITED LIABILITY PARTNERSHIP: A limited liability partnership as defined in Chapter 8A. See Alabama Code 45-26-231.06
• Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
• livestock: Cattle, swine, sheep, goats, equine or equidae, ratites, and poultry. See Alabama Code 45-4-82.02
• LIVESTOCK MARKET: A place, concentration or collection point, or other public or private place where a person shall assemble livestock for either public or private sale by him and such service or the cost or expense thereof is to be compensated for by the owner, on a commission basis or otherwise, or where such person purchases livestock for resale. See Alabama Code 45-4-82.02
• LIVESTOCK MARKET: Any person engaged in the operation of a livestock market as defined in Section 2-15-60(6). See Alabama Code 45-5-100
• LIVING WILL: A witnessed document in writing, voluntarily executed by the declarant, that gives directions and may appoint a health care proxy, in accordance with the requirements of Section 22-8A-4. See Alabama Code 22-8A-3
• MANAGERIAL OFFICIAL: An officer or a governing person. See Alabama Code 45-26-231.06
• Member: means a person admitted under Section 10A-5A-4. See Alabama Code 45-4-100.01
• merger: The combination of one or more domestic entities with one or more domestic entities or non-code organizations resulting in:

  (A) one or more surviving domestic entities or non-code organizations;

  (B) the creation of one or more new domestic entities or non-code organizations, or one or more surviving domestic entities or non-code organizations; or

  (C) one or more surviving domestic entities or non-code organizations and the creation of one or more new domestic entities or non-code organizations. See Alabama Code 45-26-231.06

• Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
• Mortgage loan: A loan made by a lender to a borrower for the financing of real property. ^{Source: OCC}
• Mortgagee: The person to whom property is mortgaged and who has loaned the money.
• Mortgagor: The person who pledges property to a creditor as collateral for a loan and who receives the money.
• officer: An individual elected, appointed, or designated as an officer of an entity by the entity's governing authority or under the entity's governing documents. See Alabama Code 45-26-231.06
• Organization: means a general partnership, including a limited liability partnership; limited partnership, including a limited liability limited partnership; limited liability company; business trust; corporation; nonprofit corporation; professional corporation; or any other person having a governing statute. See Alabama Code 45-4-100.01
• Oversight: Committee review of the activities of a Federal agency or program.
• OWNERSHIP INTEREST: An owner's interest in an entity. See Alabama Code 45-26-231.06
• partnership: Includes a general partnership, a limited liability partnership, a foreign limited liability partnership, a limited partnership, a foreign limited partnership, a limited liability limited partnership, and a foreign limited liability limited partnership. See Alabama Code 45-26-231.06
• Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
• PERMANENT UNCONSCIOUSNESS: A condition that, to a reasonable degree of medical certainty:

  a. See Alabama Code 22-8A-3

• person: An individual, including the estate of an incompetent or deceased individual, or an organization, whether created by the laws of this state or another state or foreign country, including, without limitation, a general partnership, limited liability partnership, limited partnership, limited liability limited partnership, limited liability company, corporation, professional corporation, professional association, trustee, personal representative, fiduciary, as defined in Section 19-3-150 or person performing in any similar capacity, business trust, estate, trust, association, joint venture, government, governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, or any other legal or commercial entity. See Alabama Code 45-26-231.06
• person: Any individual, partnership, corporation, association, or other legal entity or organization. See Alabama Code 45-4-82.02
• person: Any individual, partnership, corporation, association or other business unit. See Alabama Code 45-5-100
• person: An individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, association, joint venture, government, governmental subdivision or agency, or any other legal or commercial entity. See Alabama Code 22-8A-3
• person: Any natural person, and when appropriate, an organization, to include all of the following:

  a. See Alabama Code 22-8B-3

• person: An individual, a partnership, a corporation or two or more individuals having a joint or common interest. See Alabama Code 32-6-15
• person: Any individual, organization, group, association, partnership, corporation, trust, or any combination of them. See Alabama Code 45-42-200.10
• person: Any individual, partnership, corporation, business, trust, or other legal entity. See Alabama Code 45-42-231
• physician: A person licensed to practice medicine and osteopathy in the State of Alabama. See Alabama Code 22-8A-3
• physician: A person licensed to practice medicine in the state, including medical doctors and doctors of osteopathy. See Alabama Code 22-8B-3
• Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.
• Plea: In a criminal case, the defendant's statement pleading "guilty" or "not guilty" in answer to the charges, a declaration made in open court.
• PORTABLE PHYSICIAN DNAR ORDER: A DNAR order entered in the medical record by a physician using the required form designated by the State Board of Health and substantiated by completion of all sections of the form. See Alabama Code 22-8A-3
• Power of attorney: A written instrument which authorizes one person to act as another's agent or attorney. The power of attorney may be for a definite, specific act, or it may be general in nature. The terms of the written power of attorney may specify when it will expire. If not, the power of attorney usually expires when the person granting it dies. ^{Source: OCC}
• President pro tempore: A constitutionally recognized officer of the Senate who presides over the chamber in the absence of the Vice President. The President Pro Tempore (or, "president for a time") is elected by the Senate and is, by custom, the Senator of the majority party with the longest record of continuous service.
• Probable cause: A reasonable ground for belief that the offender violated a specific law.
• Probation: A sentencing alternative to imprisonment in which the court releases convicted defendants under supervision as long as certain conditions are observed.
• PROFESSIONAL CORPORATION: A domestic or foreign professional corporation as defined in Chapter 4. See Alabama Code 45-26-231.06
• PROFESSIONAL FUND RAISER: Any person who for compensation or other consideration plans, conducts, manages, or carries on any drive or campaign in this state for the purpose of soliciting contributions for or on behalf of any charitable organization or any other person, or who engages in the business of, or holds himself or herself out to persons in this state as independently engaged in the business of soliciting contributions for such purposes. See Alabama Code 45-42-200.10
• PROFESSIONAL SOLICITOR: Any person who is employed or retained for compensation by a professional fund raiser to solicit contributions for charitable purposes in this state. See Alabama Code 45-42-200.10
• property: Includes all property, whether real, personal, or mixed, or tangible or intangible, or any right or interest therein. See Alabama Code 45-26-231.06
• property: Such term is defined as in Section 13A-8-1(10). See Alabama Code 45-42-122.04
• Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
• Public law: A public bill or joint resolution that has passed both chambers and been enacted into law. Public laws have general applicability nationwide.
• QUALIFIED MINOR: An individual ranging in age from birth until the age of 19 who has been diagnosed as a terminally ill or injured patient and whose diagnosis has been confirmed by at least one additional physician who is not the patient's attending physician. See Alabama Code 22-8A-3
• REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST: An unincorporated trust, association, or other entity as defined in Chapter 10. See Alabama Code 45-26-231.06
• Reporter: Makes a record of court proceedings and prepares a transcript, and also publishes the court's opinions or decisions (in the courts of appeals).
• REPRESENTATIVE OF A QUALIFIED MINOR: Any of the following:

  a. See Alabama Code 22-8A-3

• respite: Planned or emergency care provided to a child or adult with a special need in order to provide temporary relief to the family caregiver of that child or adult. See Alabama Code 22-5B-3
• Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.
• RESUSCITATIVE MEASURES: Those measures used to restore or support cardiac or respiratory function in the event of cardiopulmonary cessation. See Alabama Code 22-8A-3
• SECRETARY OF STATE: The Secretary of State of the State of Alabama. See Alabama Code 45-26-231.06
• Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party.
• services: Such term is defined as in Section 13A-8-10(b). See Alabama Code 45-42-122.04
• state: Includes, when referring to a part of the United States, a state or commonwealth, and its agencies and governmental subdivisions, and a territory or possession, and its agencies and governmental subdivisions, of the United States. See Alabama Code 45-26-231.06
• STATE EMPLOYEE CAMPAIGN STEERING COMMITTEE: A committee of seven state employees representing top level leadership and rank and file employees; with the three branches of state government represented, with the chair appointed by the Governor, and with staff assistance furnished by the campaign manager in the Montgomery area; responsible for reviewing appeals of local agency review committee decisions and for overseeing, at the state level, the conduct of the State Employee Combined Charitable Campaign. See Alabama Code 22-8A-15
• Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights.
• Subpoena duces tecum: A command to a witness to produce documents.
• subscription: include a mark when the person cannot write, if his name is written near the mark, and witnessed by a person who writes his own name as a witness, and include with respect to corporate securities facsimile signature placed upon any instrument or writing with intent to execute or authenticate such instrument or writing. See Alabama Code 30-3D-608
• suicide: The act or instance of taking one's own life voluntarily and intentionally. See Alabama Code 22-8B-3
• Summons: Another word for subpoena used by the criminal justice system.
• surrogate: Any person appointed to act on behalf of an individual pursuant to Section 22-8A-11. See Alabama Code 22-8A-3
• Temporary restraining order: Prohibits a person from an action that is likely to cause irreparable harm. This differs from an injunction in that it may be granted immediately, without notice to the opposing party, and without a hearing. It is intended to last only until a hearing can be held.
• Testify: Answer questions in court.
• THIRD-PARTY RIGHT OF ENFORCEMENT: A right expressly provided in a conservation easement to enforce any of its terms granted to a governmental body, charitable corporation, charitable association, or charitable trust, which, although eligible to be a holder, is not a holder. See Alabama Code 22-5A-5
• Transfer: means an assignment, conveyance, deed, bill of sale, lease, mortgage, security interest, encumbrance, gift, or transfer by operation of law. See Alabama Code 45-4-100.01
• Transferable interest: means a member's right to receive distributions from a limited liability company or a series thereof. See Alabama Code 45-4-100.01
• Transferee: means a person to which all or part of a transferable interest has been transferred, whether or not the transferor is a member. See Alabama Code 45-4-100.01
• Trust account: A general term that covers all types of accounts in a trust department, such as estates, guardianships, and agencies. ^{Source: OCC}
• trustee: A person who serves as a trustee of a trust, including a real estate investment trust. See Alabama Code 45-26-231.06
• Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
• UNCERTIFICATED OWNERSHIP INTEREST: An ownership interest in a domestic entity that is not represented by a certificate. See Alabama Code 45-26-231.06
• Venue: The geographical location in which a case is tried.
• WRITTEN INSTRUMENT: Such term means:

  a. See Alabama Code 45-42-122.04