Terms Used In Arizona Laws > Title 3 > Chapter 3 > Article 2.1 - Arizona Citrus Research Council

• acknowledgment: means either:

  (a) An acknowledgment made by the person or persons signing an instrument and taken by a notarial officer pursuant to Title 41, Chapter 2, Article 1. See Arizona Laws 10-140

• Action: includes any matter or proceeding in a court, civil or criminal. See Arizona Laws 1-215
• Address: means a mailing address. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
• Affiliate: means a person that directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by or is under common control with a video service provider. See Arizona Laws 9-1401
• Agreement: means any agreement or contract. See Arizona Laws 9-1401
• Allegation: something that someone says happened.
• Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.
• Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
• Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
• Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
• Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
• Articles of incorporation: means the original or restated articles of incorporation or articles of merger and all amendments to the articles of incorporation or merger and includes amended and restated articles of incorporation and articles of amendment and merger. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
• Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.
• Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
• Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. ^{Source: OCC}
• Board of directors: means the group of persons vested with the management of the affairs of the corporation irrespective of the name by which the group is designated and includes the governing body or bodies of a water users' association if the articles of incorporation of the water users' association provide for a governing body or bodies denominated other than as a board of directors. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• boundaries: means all of the area within the corporate limits of the city or town. See Arizona Laws 9-1401
• Business day: means a day that is not a Saturday, a Sunday or any other legal holiday in this state. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Bylaws: means the code of rules adopted for the regulation or management of the affairs of the corporation irrespective of the name by which those rules are designated. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Certificate of disclosure: means the certificate of disclosure described in section 10-202. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Citrus: means varieties of the genus citrus that are commercially produced in this state for the fresh market or for juice production but does not include commercially produced by-products or products manufactured for resale. See Arizona Laws 3-468
• Class: refers to a group of memberships that have the same rights with respect to voting, dissolution, redemption and transfer. See Arizona Laws 10-3140
• Commission: means the Arizona corporation commission. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
• Conspicuous: means so written that a reasonable person against whom the writing is to operate should have noticed it. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
• Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
• Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
• Corporation sole: means a corporation formed pursuant and subject to chapter 42, article 1 of this title. See Arizona Laws 10-3140
• Council: means the Arizona citrus research council. See Arizona Laws 3-468
• Court: means the superior court of this state. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
• Day: means a calendar day, except a Saturday or Sunday or a holiday prescribed in section 1-301. See Arizona Laws 9-1401
• Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
• Deliver: includes sending by mail, private courier, fax or electronic transmission. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Delivery: means actual receipt by the person or entity to which directed and for electronic transmissions means receipt as described in section 44-7015, subsection B. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Department: means the Arizona department of agriculture. See Arizona Laws 3-101
• Dissolved: means the status of a corporation on either:

  (a) Effectiveness of articles of dissolution pursuant to section 10-1403, subsection B or section 10-1421, subsection B. See Arizona Laws 10-140

• Distribution: means a direct or indirect transfer of money or other property, except its own shares, or incurrence of indebtedness by a corporation to or for the benefit of its shareholders in respect of any of its shares. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• domestic corporation: means a corporation for profit that is not a foreign corporation and that is incorporated under or subject to chapters 1 through 17 of this title. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Electronic transmission: means an electronic record as defined in section 44-7002 that is sent pursuant to section 44-7015. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Entity: includes a corporation, foreign corporation, not for profit corporation, profit and not for profit unincorporated association, nonprofit corporation, close corporation, corporation sole or limited liability company, a professional corporation, association or limited liability company, a business trust, estate, partnership, registered limited liability partnership, trust or joint venture, two or more persons having a joint or common economic interest, any person other than an individual and a state, the United States and a foreign government. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
• Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
• Executed by the corporation: means executed by manual or facsimile signature on behalf of the corporation by a duly authorized officer or, if the corporation is in the hands of a receiver or trustee, by the receiver or trustee. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.
• Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
• Filing: means the commission completing the following procedure with respect to any document delivered for that purpose:

  (a) Determining that the filing fee requirements of section 10-122 have been satisfied. See Arizona Laws 10-140

• Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.
• Foreign corporation: means a corporation for profit that is incorporated under a law other than the law of this state. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
• Grantee: includes every person to whom an estate or interest in real property passes, in or by a deed. See Arizona Laws 1-215
• Grower-shipper: means a person who is engaged in this state in the business of packing, shipping, transporting or selling citrus of which the person is a grower, producer or owner. See Arizona Laws 3-468
• Handler: means a person who engages in marketing citrus on behalf of a grower, whether as a grower-shipper, owner, agent, employee, broker, dealer, consignor or commission merchant or otherwise. See Arizona Laws 3-468
• Highway: means all roads, streets and alleys and other dedicated public rights-of-way that are operated and maintained by a local government. See Arizona Laws 9-1401
• Holder: means a video service provider that has been issued a uniform video service license pursuant to this chapter. See Arizona Laws 9-1401
• Holdover cable operator: means an incumbent cable operator that elects under sections 9-1412 and 9-1413 to continue to operate within its service area pursuant to its local license. See Arizona Laws 9-1401
• including: means not limited to and is not a term of exclusion. See Arizona Laws 1-215
• Incumbent cable operator: means a cable operator or other video service provider that on December 31, 2019 is providing video service in this state pursuant to a local license. See Arizona Laws 9-1401
• Indemnification: In general, a collateral contract or assurance under which one person agrees to secure another person against either anticipated financial losses or potential adverse legal consequences. ^{Source: FDIC}
• Indictment: The formal charge issued by a grand jury stating that there is enough evidence that the defendant committed the crime to justify having a trial; it is used primarily for felonies.
• Individual: includes the estate of an incompetent or deceased individual. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
• Interrogatories: Written questions asked by one party of an opposing party, who must answer them in writing under oath; a discovery device in a lawsuit.
• Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
• Known place of business: means the known place of business required to be maintained pursuant to section 10-501. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). ^{Source: OCC}
• Legal tender: coins, dollar bills, or other currency issued by a government as official money. ^{Source: U.S. Mint}
• Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity.
• License: means a franchise as defined in 47 United States Code § 522. See Arizona Laws 9-1401
• License fee: means a license fee imposed by a local government on a video service provider for using the highways to provide and for the privilege of providing video service. See Arizona Laws 9-1401
• Local government: means any city, including a charter city, or town. See Arizona Laws 9-1401
• Local law: means any charter, code, ordinance, resolution, regulation or other law of a local government. See Arizona Laws 9-1401
• Local license: means any license, agreement, permit or similar authorization that meets all of the following:

  (a) Allows a person to construct or operate a video service network within the boundaries of a local government. See Arizona Laws 9-1401

• Member: means , without regard to what a person is called in the articles of incorporation or bylaws, any person or persons who, pursuant to a provision of a corporation's articles of incorporation or bylaws, have the right to vote for the election of a director or directors. See Arizona Laws 10-3140
• Membership: refers to the rights and obligations a member or members have pursuant to a corporation's articles of incorporation and bylaws and chapters 24 through 40 of this title. See Arizona Laws 10-3140
• Month: means a calendar month unless otherwise expressed. See Arizona Laws 1-215
• Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
• Newspaper: has the meaning set forth in section 39-201. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
• Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
• Person: includes a corporation, company, partnership, firm, association or society, as well as a natural person. See Arizona Laws 1-215
• Person: includes an individual and entity. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Personal property: All property that is not real property.
• Personal property: includes money, goods, chattels, things in action and evidences of debt. See Arizona Laws 1-215
• Plea: In a criminal case, the defendant's statement pleading "guilty" or "not guilty" in answer to the charges, a declaration made in open court.
• Population: means the population according to the most recent United States decennial census. See Arizona Laws 1-215
• Precedent: A court decision in an earlier case with facts and law similar to a dispute currently before a court. Precedent will ordinarily govern the decision of a later similar case, unless a party can show that it was wrongly decided or that it differed in some significant way.
• President: means that officer designated as the president in the articles of incorporation or bylaws or, if not so designated, that officer authorized in the articles of incorporation, bylaws or otherwise to perform the functions of the chief executive officer, irrespective of the name by which designated. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Principal office: means the office, in or out of this state, so designated in the annual report where the principal executive offices of a domestic or foreign corporation are located or in any other document executed by the corporation by an officer and delivered to the commission for filing. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Proceeding: includes a civil suit and a criminal, administrative and investigatory action. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Process: means a citation, writ or summons issued in the course of judicial proceedings. See Arizona Laws 1-215
• Producer: means a person who is engaged in this state in the business of commercially producing or causing citrus to be commercially produced. See Arizona Laws 3-468
• Property: includes both real and personal property. See Arizona Laws 1-215
• Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
• Publish: means to publish in a newspaper of general circulation in the county of the known place of business for three consecutive publications. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business.
• Record date: means the date established under chapter 6 or 7 of this title on which a corporation determines the identity of its shareholders and their shareholdings for purposes of chapters 1 through 17 of this title. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
• Secretary: means that officer designated as the secretary in the articles of incorporation or bylaws or that officer authorized in the articles of incorporation, the bylaws or otherwise to perform the functions of secretary, irrespective of the name by which designated. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Service area: means that part of the boundaries of a local government within which a video service provider is authorized to provide video service pursuant to a uniform video service license or a local license. See Arizona Laws 9-1401
• Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party.
• Shareholder: means the person in whose name shares are registered in the records of a corporation or the beneficial owner of shares to the extent of the rights granted by a nominee certificate on file with a corporation. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Shares: means the units into which the proprietary interests in a corporation are divided. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
• Telecommunications service: means the offering of telecommunications for a fee directly to the public, or to such users as to be effectively available directly to the public, regardless of the equipment, facilities or technology used. See Arizona Laws 9-1401
• Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
• Treasurer: means that officer designated as the treasurer in the articles of incorporation or bylaws or that officer authorized in the articles of incorporation or bylaws or otherwise to perform the functions of treasurer, irrespective of the name by which designated. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
• Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
• trustees: means individuals, designated in the articles of incorporation or bylaws or elected by the incorporators, and their successors and individuals elected or appointed by any other name or title to act as members of the board. See Arizona Laws 10-3140
• Uniform video service license: means a license that is issued by a local government in the form of a uniform video service license agreement as adopted pursuant to section 9-1411. See Arizona Laws 9-1401
• United States: includes the District of Columbia and the territories. See Arizona Laws 1-215
• United States: includes a district, authority, bureau, commission and department and any other agency of the United States. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Vice-president: means an officer designated as the vice-president in the articles of incorporation or bylaws or an officer authorized in the articles of incorporation, the bylaws or otherwise to perform the functions of a vice-president, irrespective of the name by which designated. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Vote: includes authorization by written ballot and written consent. See Arizona Laws 10-3140
• Voting group: means all shares of one or more classes or series that under the articles of incorporation or chapters 1 through 17 of this title are entitled to vote and be counted together collectively on a matter at a meeting of shareholders. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Writing: includes printing. See Arizona Laws 1-215
• written: includes blockchain technology as defined in section 44-7061. See Arizona Laws 10-140