Terms Used In New York Laws > Education > Title 8 > Article 144 - Ophthalmic Dispensing

• Bail: Security given for the release of a criminal defendant or witness from legal custody (usually in the form of money) to secure his/her appearance on the day and time appointed.
• Clerk: means the clerk of any county, town, city or village where licenses are validated or issued pursuant to this article. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 108
• Commissioner: means the state commissioner of agriculture and markets. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 108
• Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
• county: shall mean any county in this state, except a county wholly within a city. See N.Y. Tax Law 1215
• Dangerous dog: means any dog which (i) without justification attacks a person, companion animal as defined in subdivision five of section three hundred fifty of this chapter, farm animal as defined in subdivision four of section three hundred fifty of this chapter or domestic animal as defined in subdivision seven of this section and causes physical injury or death, or (ii) behaves in a manner which a reasonable person would believe poses a serious and unjustified imminent threat of serious physical injury or death to one or more persons, companion animals, farm animals or domestic animals or (iii) without justification attacks a service dog, guide dog or hearing dog and causes physical injury or death. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 108
• Dog: means any member of the species canis familiaris. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 108
• Dog control officer: means any individual appointed by a municipality to assist in the enforcement of this article or any authorized officer, agent or employee of an incorporated humane society or similar incorporated dog protective association under contract with a municipality to assist in the enforcement of this article. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 108
• Domestic animal: means any domesticated sheep, horse, cattle, fallow deer, red deer, sika deer, whitetail deer which is raised under license from the department of environmental conservation, llama, goat, swine, fowl, duck, goose, swan, turkey, confined domestic hare or rabbit, pheasant or other bird which is raised in confinement under license from the state department of environmental conservation before release from captivity, except that the varieties of fowl commonly used for cock fights shall not be considered domestic animals for the purposes of this article. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 108
• Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
• Guide dog: means any dog that is trained to aid a person who is blind and is actually used for such purpose, or any dog during the period such dog is being trained or bred for such purpose. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 108
• Hearing dog: means any dog that is trained to aid a person who is deaf or hard of hearing and is actually used for such purpose, or any dog during the period such dog is being trained or bred for such purpose. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 108
• Indemnification: In general, a collateral contract or assurance under which one person agrees to secure another person against either anticipated financial losses or potential adverse legal consequences. ^{Source: FDIC}
• Misdemeanor: Usually a petty offense, a less serious crime than a felony, punishable by less than a year of confinement.
• Municipality: means any county, town, city and village. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 108
• Owner: means any person who harbors or keeps any dog. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 108
• Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
• Person: means any individual, corporation, partnership, association or other organized group of persons, municipality, or other legal entity. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 108
• Physical injury: means impairment of physical condition or substantial pain. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 108
• Probable cause: A reasonable ground for belief that the offender violated a specific law.
• Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
• Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.
• Serious physical injury: means physical injury which creates a substantial risk of death, or which causes death or serious or protracted disfigurement, protracted impairment of health or protracted loss or impairment of the function of any bodily organ. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 108
• Service dog: means any dog that has been or is being individually trained to do work or perform tasks for the benefit of a person with a disability. See N.Y. Agriculture and Markets Law 108