| (1) |
As used in this section:
Terms Used In Utah Code 30-3-5- Affirmed: In the practice of the appellate courts, the decree or order is declared valid and will stand as rendered in the lower court.
- Annuity: A periodic (usually annual) payment of a fixed sum of money for either the life of the recipient or for a fixed number of years. A series of payments under a contract from an insurance company, a trust company, or an individual. Annuity payments are made at regular intervals over a period of more than one full year.
- Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
- Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
- Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. Source: U.S. Courts
- Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
- Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity.
- Property: includes both real and personal property. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
- Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
| (a) |
“Cohabit” means to live together, or to reside together on a regular basis, in the same residence and in a relationship of a romantic or sexual nature. |
| (b) |
“Fault” means any of the following wrongful conduct during the marriage that substantially contributed to the breakup of the marriage:
| (i) |
engaging in sexual relations with an individual other than the party’s spouse; |
| (ii) |
knowingly and intentionally causing or attempting to cause physical harm to the other party or a child; |
| (iii) |
knowingly and intentionally causing the other party or a child to reasonably fear life-threatening harm; or |
| (iv) |
substantially undermining the financial stability of the other party or the child. |
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| (c) |
“Length of the marriage” means, for purposes of alimony, the number of years from the day on which the parties are legally married to the day on which the petition for divorce is filed with the court. |
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| (2) |
When a decree of divorce is rendered, the court may include in the decree of divorce equitable orders relating to the children, property, debts or obligations, and parties. |
| (3) |
The court shall include the following in every decree of divorce:
| (a) |
an order assigning responsibility for the payment of reasonable and necessary medical and dental expenses of a dependent child, including responsibility for health insurance out-of-pocket expenses such as co-payments, co-insurance, and deductibles; |
| (b) |
| (i) |
if coverage is or becomes available at a reasonable cost, an order requiring the purchase and maintenance of appropriate health, hospital, and dental care insurance for a dependent child; and |
| (ii) |
a designation of which health, hospital, or dental insurance plan is primary and which health, hospital, or dental insurance plan is secondary in accordance with Section 30-3-5.4 that will take effect if at any time a dependent child is covered by both parents’ health, hospital, or dental insurance plans; |
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| (c) |
in accordance with Section 15-4-6.5:
| (i) |
an order specifying which party is responsible for the payment of joint debts, obligations, or liabilities of the parties contracted or incurred during marriage; |
| (ii) |
an order requiring the parties to notify respective creditors or obligees, regarding the court’s division of debts, obligations, or liabilities and regarding the parties’ separate, current addresses; and |
| (iii) |
provisions for the enforcement of these orders; |
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| (e) |
if either party owns a life insurance policy or an annuity contract, an acknowledgment by the court that the owner:
| (i) |
has reviewed and updated, where appropriate, the list of beneficiaries; |
| (ii) |
has affirmed that those listed as beneficiaries are in fact the intended beneficiaries after the divorce becomes final; and |
| (iii) |
understands that if no changes are made to the policy or contract, the beneficiaries currently listed will receive any funds paid by the insurance company under the terms of the policy or contract. |
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| (4) |
| (a) |
The court may include, in an order determining child support, an order assigning financial responsibility for all or a portion of child care expenses incurred on behalf of a dependent child, necessitated by the employment or training of the custodial parent. |
| (b) |
If the court determines that the circumstances are appropriate and that the dependent child would be adequately cared for, the court may include an order allowing the noncustodial parent to provide child care for the dependent child, necessitated by the employment or training of the custodial parent. |
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| (5) |
The court has continuing jurisdiction to make subsequent changes or new orders for the custody of a child and the child’s support, maintenance, health, and dental care, and for distribution of the property and obligations for debts as is reasonable and necessary. |
| (6) |
Child support, custody, visitation, and other matters related to a child born to the parents after entry of the decree of divorce may be added to the decree by modification. |
| (7) |
| (a) |
In determining parent-time rights of parents and visitation rights of grandparents and other members of the immediate family, the court shall consider the best interest of the child. |
| (b) |
Upon a specific finding by the court of the need for peace officer enforcement, the court may include in an order establishing a parent-time or visitation schedule a provision, among other things, authorizing any peace officer to enforce a court-ordered parent-time or visitation schedule entered under this chapter. |
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| (8) |
If a petition for modification of child custody or parent-time provisions of a court order is made and denied, the court shall order the petitioner to pay the reasonable attorney fees expended by the prevailing party in that action, if the court determines that the petition was without merit and not asserted or defended against in good faith. |
| (9) |
If a motion or petition alleges noncompliance with a parent-time order by a parent, or a visitation order by a grandparent or other member of the immediate family where a visitation or parent-time right has been previously granted by the court, the court:
| (a) |
may award to the prevailing party:
| (i) |
actual attorney fees incurred; |
| (ii) |
the costs incurred by the prevailing party because of the other party’s failure to provide or exercise court-ordered visitation or parent-time, which may include:
| (C) |
transportation expenses actually incurred; |
| (D) |
lost wages, if ascertainable; or |
| (E) |
counseling for a child or parent if ordered or approved by the court; or |
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| (iii) |
any other appropriate equitable remedy; and |
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| (b) |
shall award reasonable make-up parent-time to the prevailing party, unless make-up parent-time is not in the best interest of the child. |
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| (10) |
| (a) |
The court shall consider at least the following factors in determining alimony:
| (i) |
the financial condition and needs of the recipient spouse; |
| (ii) |
the recipient’s earning capacity or ability to produce income, including the impact of diminished workplace experience resulting from primarily caring for a child of the payor spouse; |
| (iii) |
the ability of the payor spouse to provide support; |
| (iv) |
the length of the marriage; |
| (v) |
whether the recipient spouse has custody of a minor child requiring support; |
| (vi) |
whether the recipient spouse worked in a business owned or operated by the payor spouse; and |
| (vii) |
whether the recipient spouse directly contributed to any increase in the payor spouse’s skill by paying for education received by the payor spouse or enabling the payor spouse to attend school during the marriage. |
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| (b) |
The court may consider the fault of the parties in determining whether to award alimony and the terms of the alimony. |
| (c) |
The court may, when fault is at issue, close the proceedings and seal the court records. |
| (d) |
As a general rule, the court should look to the standard of living, existing at the time of separation, in determining alimony in accordance with Subsection (10)(a). However, the court shall consider all relevant facts and equitable principles and may, in the court’s discretion, base alimony on the standard of living that existed at the time of trial. In marriages of short duration, when no child has been conceived or born during the marriage, the court may consider the standard of living that existed at the time of the marriage. |
| (e) |
The court may, under appropriate circumstances, attempt to equalize the parties’ respective standards of living. |
| (f) |
When a marriage of long duration dissolves on the threshold of a major change in the income of one of the spouses due to the collective efforts of both, that change shall be considered in dividing the marital property and in determining the amount of alimony. If one spouse’s earning capacity has been greatly enhanced through the efforts of both spouses during the marriage, the court may make a compensating adjustment in dividing the marital property and awarding alimony. |
| (g) |
In determining alimony when a marriage of short duration dissolves, and no child has been conceived or born during the marriage, the court may consider restoring each party to the condition which existed at the time of the marriage. |
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| (11) |
| (a) |
The court has continuing jurisdiction to make substantive changes and new orders regarding alimony based on a substantial material change in circumstances not expressly stated in the divorce decree or in the findings that the court entered at the time of the divorce decree. |
| (b) |
A party’s retirement is a substantial material change in circumstances that is subject to a petition to modify alimony, unless the divorce decree, or the findings that the court entered at the time of the divorce decree, expressly states otherwise. |
| (c) |
The court may not modify alimony or issue a new order for alimony to address needs of the recipient that did not exist at the time the decree was entered, unless the court finds extenuating circumstances that justify that action. |
| (d) |
| (i) |
In determining alimony, the income of any subsequent spouse of the payor may not be considered, except as provided in Subsection (10) or this Subsection (11). |
| (ii) |
The court may consider the subsequent spouse’s financial ability to share living expenses. |
| (iii) |
The court may consider the income of a subsequent spouse if the court finds that the payor’s improper conduct justifies that consideration. |
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| (e) |
| (i) |
Except as provided in Subsection (11)(e)(iii), the court may not order alimony for a period of time longer than the length of the marriage. |
| (ii) |
If a party is ordered to pay temporary alimony during the pendency of the divorce action, the period of time that the party pays temporary alimony shall be counted towards the period of time for which the party is ordered to pay alimony. |
| (iii) |
At any time before the termination of alimony, the court may find extenuating circumstances or good cause that justify the payment of alimony for a longer period of time than the length of the marriage. |
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| (12) |
| (a) |
Except as provided in Subsection (12)(b), unless a decree of divorce specifically provides otherwise, any order of the court that a party pay alimony to a former spouse automatically terminates upon the remarriage or death of that former spouse. |
| (b) |
If the remarriage of the former spouse is annulled and found to be void ab initio, payment of alimony shall resume if the party paying alimony is made a party to the action of annulment and the payor party’s rights are determined. |
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| (13) |
If a party establishes that a current spouse cohabits with another individual during the pendency of the divorce action, the court:
| (a) |
may not order the party to pay temporary alimony to the current spouse; and |
| (b) |
shall terminate any order that the party pay temporary alimony to the current spouse. |
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| (14) |
| (a) |
Subject to Subsection (14)(b), the court shall terminate an order that a party pay alimony to a former spouse if the party establishes that, after the order for alimony is issued, the former spouse cohabits with another individual even if the former spouse is not cohabiting with the individual when the party paying alimony files the motion to terminate alimony. |
| (b) |
A party paying alimony to a former spouse may not seek termination of alimony under Subsection (14)(a), later than one year from the day on which the party knew or should have known that the former spouse has cohabited with another individual. |
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Amended by Chapter 327, 2023 General Session
Amended by Chapter 418, 2023 General Session
