Terms Used In Virginia Code > Title 15.2 > Subtitle II - Powers of Local Government

• Abused or neglected child: means the same as that term is defined in § 63. See Virginia Code 2.2-438
• Access services: means care coordination; care transitions; communication, referral, information, and assistance; options counseling; transportation; and assisted transportation. See Virginia Code 51.5-134
• Accident and sickness insurance: means insurance against loss resulting from sickness, or from bodily injury or death by accident or accidental means, or from a combination of any or all of these perils. See Virginia Code 38.2-109
• Account: means any account with a savings institution and includes a checking, time, interest, or savings account. See Virginia Code 6.2-1100
• Account: means a contract of deposit of funds between a depositor and a financial institution, and includes a checking account, savings account, certificate of deposit, share account, and other similar arrangements. See Virginia Code 6.2-604
• Accredited career and technical education postsecondary school: means (i) a privately owned and managed, academic-vocational school, noncollege degree school, postsecondary school, or a vocational school, as defined in § 23. See Virginia Code 30-231.01
• Acquire: means :

  1. See Virginia Code 6.2-1148

• Acquired entity: means the domestic or foreign corporation or eligible entity that will have all of one or more classes or series of shares or eligible interests acquired in a share exchange. See Virginia Code 13.1-715.1
• Acquiring entity: means the domestic or foreign corporation or eligible entity that will acquire all of one or more classes or series of shares or eligible interests of the acquired entity in a share exchange. See Virginia Code 13.1-715.1
• Acquisition of a branch: means the acquisition of a branch located in a host state, without acquiring the bank of such branch. See Virginia Code 6.2-836
• Acquisition of a trust office: means the acquisition of a trust office located in a host state, without acquiring the trust institution of such office. See Virginia Code 6.2-1065
• Act: means the Virginia Workers' Compensation Act (§ 65. See Virginia Code 51.1-1100
• Act: means the Virginia Workers' Compensation Act (§ 65. See Virginia Code 51.1-1150
• Act: means the Communications Act of 1934. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.19
• Activities: means any programs or services provided for the purpose of conferring specific benefits upon the businesses that are located in the tourism improvement district and to which a fee is charged. See Virginia Code 15.2-2413.1
• Activities: means any programs or services provided for (i) the purposes of recruiting businesses to relocate in the business improvement and recruitment district and (ii) conferring specific benefits upon the businesses that are located in the business improvement and recruitment district and to which a fee is charged. See Virginia Code 15.2-2413.12
• Activity and use limitations: means restrictions or obligations created under this chapter with respect to real property. See Virginia Code 10.1-1238
• Actual reimbursement amount: means reimbursement information included in the claims data submitted by data suppliers to the Virginia All-Payer Claims Database, whether such information is referred to in the claims data as "paid amounts" "allowed amounts" or another term having the same or similar meaning and whether in reference to the payer who paid the actual reimbursement amount or the provider who received the actual reimbursement amount. See Virginia Code 32.1-276.3
• Adjourn: A motion to adjourn a legislative chamber or a committee, if passed, ends that day's session.
• Adjournment sine die: The end of a legislative session "without day." These adjournments are used to indicate the final adjournment of an annual or the two-year session of legislature.
• Adjusted crime index: means the potential crime rate for a locality multiplied by the base year population of the locality as estimated by the Center for Public Service. See Virginia Code 9.1-165
• Administering nonprofit: means a private nonprofit entity that is under contract with a locality to administer or implement activities specified in the tourism improvement district plan. See Virginia Code 15.2-2413.1
• Administration of criminal justice: means performance of any activity directly involving the detection, apprehension, detention, pretrial release, post-trial release, prosecution, adjudication, correctional supervision, or rehabilitation of accused persons or criminal offenders or the collection, storage, and dissemination of criminal history record information. See Virginia Code 9.1-101
• Administrative act: includes an action, omission, decision, recommendation, practice, or other procedure of the Department, a local department, or a child-placing agency with respect to a particular child related to adoption, foster care, or protective services. See Virginia Code 2.2-438
• Administrative review-eligible project: means a project that provides for:

  1. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.3

• Administrator: means the Director of the Department of Housing and Community Development or his designee. See Virginia Code 36-71.1
• Administrator: means the Director of the Department of Housing and Community Development or his designee. See Virginia Code 36-85.3
• Adult: means an individual who is 18 years of age or older, or under the age of 18 years if legally emancipated. See Virginia Code 51.5-144
• Adult: means a person 18 years of age or more. See Virginia Code 1-203
• Adult foster care: means room and board, supervision, and special services to an adult who has a physical or mental condition. See Virginia Code 51.5-144
• Adult with an impairment: means an adult whose physical or mental capacity is diminished to the extent that he needs counseling or supervisory assistance or assistance with activities of daily living or instrumental activities of daily living. See Virginia Code 51.5-144
• Advice and consent: Under the Constitution, presidential nominations for executive and judicial posts take effect only when confirmed by the Senate, and international treaties become effective only when the Senate approves them by a two-thirds vote.
• Advisory Board: means the Commonwealth Neurotrauma Initiative Advisory Board established pursuant to § 51. See Virginia Code 51.5-178
• Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
• Affiliate: means , with respect to an association, a bank holding company, as defined in 12 U. See Virginia Code 6.2-1081
• Affiliate: has the meaning assigned to it in 12 U. See Virginia Code 6.2-836
• Affiliate: means a person who directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with another person or is a senior executive officer of such person. See Virginia Code 13.1-729
• Affiliated trust company: means a trust company that is controlled by a trust company holding company. See Virginia Code 6.2-1000
• Affirmed: In the practice of the appellate courts, the decree or order is declared valid and will stand as rendered in the lower court.
• Age: means being an individual who is at least 40 years of age. See Virginia Code 15.2-1500.1
• Agency: means any department, institution, authority, instrumentality, board or other administrative agency of the government of the Commonwealth of Virginia and any transportation district created pursuant to the Transportation District Act of 1964 (§ 33. See Virginia Code 8.01-195.2
• agency: shall be deemed to include without limitation any department, division, commission, association, board, or other administrative body established pursuant to the laws of a jurisdiction. See Virginia Code 8.01-385
• Agency: means the Department of Environmental Quality or any other state or federal agency that determines or approves the environmental response project pursuant to which the environmental covenant is created. See Virginia Code 10.1-1238
• agency: means any agency, authority, board, department, division, commission, institution, bureau, or like governmental entity of the Commonwealth and includes any entity, public or private, with which any of the foregoing has entered into a contractual relationship to accomplish an agency program. See Virginia Code 30-65
• Agency: means any authority, commission, instrumentality, officer, board or other unit of the state government empowered by the basic laws to make regulations or decide cases. See Virginia Code 30-73.1
• agency: means any facility, program, or organization owned or operated by the Commonwealth, by any political subdivision, or by any person, firm, corporation, association, or other legal entity. See Virginia Code 32.1-162.16
• Agent: means a person who is a licensed bail bondsman who has been given power of attorney to act on the behalf of a licensed property bail bondsman. See Virginia Code 9.1-185
• Agent: has the meaning assigned to it in § 13. See Virginia Code 6.2-1013
• Aggrieved person: means a person who was a party to any intercepted wire, electronic or oral communication or a person against whom the interception was directed;

  "Aural transfer" means a transfer containing the human voice at any point between and including the point of origin and the point of reception;

  "Communications common carrier" means any person engaged as a common carrier for hire in communication by wire or radio or in radio transmission of energy;

  "Contents" when used with respect to any wire, electronic or oral communication, includes any information concerning the substance, purport or meaning of that communication;

  "Electronic, mechanical or other device" means any device or apparatus that can be used to intercept a wire, electronic or oral communication other than:

  (a) Any telephone or telegraph instrument, equipment or facility, or any component thereof, (i) furnished to the subscriber or user by a provider of wire or electronic communication service in the ordinary course of its business and being used by the subscriber or user in the ordinary course of its business or furnished by the subscriber or user for connection to the facilities of such service and used in the ordinary course of the subscriber's or user's business; or (ii) being used by a communications common carrier in the ordinary course of its business, or by an investigative or law-enforcement officer in the ordinary course of his duties;

  (b) A hearing aid or similar device being used to correct subnormal hearing to not better than normal;

  "Electronic communication" means any transfer of signs, signals, writing, images, sounds, data, or intelligence of any nature transmitted in whole or in part by a wire, radio, electromagnetic, photoelectronic or photooptical system. See Virginia Code 19.2-61

• Aging services: means access services, Care Coordination for Elderly Virginians, caregiver services, client services, disease prevention and health promotion services, in-home services, legal assistance, nutrition services, and elder abuse prevention services that are supported with federal and state funds. See Virginia Code 51.5-134
• Agreement: means the agreement or agreements between the Commonwealth, as seller of the Tobacco Assets, and the Corporation, as purchaser of the Tobacco Assets. See Virginia Code 32.1-354
• Alarm respondent: means an individual who responds to the signal of an alarm for the purpose of detecting an intrusion of the home, business or property of the end user. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Alcoholic beverages: includes alcohol, spirits, wine, and beer, and any one or more of such varieties containing one-half of one percent or more of alcohol by volume, including mixed alcoholic beverages, and every liquid or solid, powder or crystal, patented or not, containing alcohol, spirits, wine, or beer and capable of being consumed by a human being. See Virginia Code 4.1-100
• Allegation: something that someone says happened.
• Amortization: Paying off a loan by regular installments.
• Annual report: means the report required to be filed by a guardian pursuant to § 64. See Virginia Code 64.2-2000
• Annuity: A periodic (usually annual) payment of a fixed sum of money for either the life of the recipient or for a fixed number of years. A series of payments under a contract from an insurance company, a trust company, or an individual. Annuity payments are made at regular intervals over a period of more than one full year.
• Anonymous physical evidence recovery kit: means a physical evidence recovery kit that is collected from a victim of sexual assault through a forensic medical examination where the victim elects, at the time of the examination, not to report the sexual assault offense to a law-enforcement agency. See Virginia Code 19.2-11.5
• Anonymous trace evidence collection kit: means a trace evidence collection kit that is collected from a victim of strangulation through a forensic medical examination where the victim elects, at the time of the examination, not to report the strangulation to a law-enforcement agency. See Virginia Code 19.2-11.5 v2
• ANSI Ski Lift Code: means the American National Standard (B77. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Antenna: means communications equipment that transmits or receives electromagnetic radio signals used in the provision of any type of wireless communications services. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.3
• Appellate: About appeals; an appellate court has the power to review the judgement of another lower court or tribunal.
• Appraisal: A determination of property value.
• Approved education program: means an educational agency or transition program or services accepted for participation in the Program by the Brown v. See Virginia Code 30-231.01
• Armed: means a private security registrant who carries or has immediate access to a firearm in the performance of his duties. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Armed security officer: means a natural person employed to (i) safeguard and protect persons and property or (ii) deter theft, loss, or concealment of any tangible or intangible personal property on the premises he is contracted to protect, and who carries or has access to a firearm in the performance of his duties. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Armored car personnel: means persons who transport or offer to transport under armed security from one place to another, money, negotiable instruments or other valuables in a specially equipped motor vehicle with a high degree of security and certainty of delivery. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
• Articles of incorporation: means all documents constituting, at any particular time, the charter of a corporation. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Articles of incorporation: means all documents constituting, at any particular time, the charter of a corporation. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• associate: shall mean (i) any other person who directly or indirectly controls, or is controlled by or under common control with, any such person or who is acting or intends to act jointly or in concert with any such person in connection with the acquisition of or exercise of beneficial ownership over shares; (ii) any corporation or organization of which any such person is an officer, director, manager or partner or as to which any such person performs a similar function; (iii) any other person having direct or indirect beneficial ownership of 10 percent or more of any class of equity securities of any such person; (iv) any trust or estate in which any such person has a beneficial interest or as to which any such person serves as trustee or in a similar fiduciary capacity; and (v) any relative or spouse of any such person, or any relative of such spouse, any one of whom has the same residence as any such person. See Virginia Code 13.1-728.1
• Associate-degree-granting: means that an associate degree is the most advanced degree that is granted. See Virginia Code 23.1-100
• Associate-degree-granting public institution of higher education: includes Richard Bland College and each comprehensive community college. See Virginia Code 23.1-100
• Association: has the meaning assigned to it in § 6. See Virginia Code 6.2-1081
• Association: means a savings and loan association or building and loan association that is authorized by law to accept deposits and to hold itself out to the public as engaged in the savings and loan business. See Virginia Code 6.2-1100
• Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.
• Attorney: means the person designated and authorized by subscribers as the attorney-in-fact having authority to obligate them on reciprocal insurance contracts. See Virginia Code 38.2-1201
• Attorney General: means the Attorney General of Virginia, the Chief Deputy, other deputies, counsels or assistant attorneys general employed by the Office of the Attorney General and designated by the Attorney General to act pursuant to this article. See Virginia Code 8.01-216.2
• Attorney-at-law: A person who is legally qualified and licensed to practice law, and to represent and act for clients in legal proceedings.
• Attorney-in-fact: A person who, acting as an agent, is given written authorization by another person to transact business for him (her) out of court.
• Authority: means the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Authority created pursuant to this subtitle. See Virginia Code 4.1-100
• Authority: means the Virginia Resources Authority created in Chapter 21 of Title 62. See Virginia Code 10.1-603.16
• Authority: means the Virginia Resources Authority. See Virginia Code 36-156.1
• Authority: means the Virginia Resources Authority created in Chapter 21 of Title 62. See Virginia Code 15.2-2419
• Authority: means the Virginia Resources Authority created in Chapter 21 of Title 62. See Virginia Code 15.2-2430
• Authority: means the Virginia Resources Authority. See Virginia Code 10.1-1230
• Authority: means the Virginia Recreational Facilities Authority. See Virginia Code 10.1-1600
• Authorized condemnor: means a condemnor that is specifically authorized by law to acquire property through the use of the procedure set forth in this chapter. See Virginia Code 25.1-300
• Authorized shares: means the shares of all classes a domestic or foreign corporation is authorized to issue. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Baccalaureate: means that bachelor's degrees or more advanced degrees, or both, are granted. See Virginia Code 23.1-100
• Bail: Security given for the release of a criminal defendant or witness from legal custody (usually in the form of money) to secure his/her appearance on the day and time appointed.
• Bail bondsman: means any person who is licensed by the Department who engages in the business of bail bonding and is thereby authorized to conduct business in all courts of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 9.1-185
• Bail recovery: means an act whereby a person arrests a bailee with the object of surrendering the bailee to the appropriate court, jail, or police department, for the purpose of discharging the bailee's surety from liability on his bond. See Virginia Code 9.1-186
• Bailee: means a person who has been released on bail, and who is or has been subject to a bond, as defined in § 19. See Virginia Code 9.1-186
• Balanced budget: A budget in which receipts equal outlays.
• Bank: has the meaning assigned to it in 12 U. See Virginia Code 6.2-836
• Bank: has the meaning assigned to it in 12 U. See Virginia Code 6.2-849
• Bank: means any bank or trust company organized under the laws of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 6.2-925
• Bank: has the meaning assigned to it in § 6. See Virginia Code 6.2-1047
• Bank: means any national bank, any bank organized under Chapter 8 (§ 6. See Virginia Code 6.2-300
• Bank: has the meaning assigned to it in 12 U. See Virginia Code 6.2-1065
• Bank: means a corporation authorized by statute to accept deposits and to hold itself out to the public as engaged in the banking business in the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 6.2-800
• Bank holding company: means any corporation (i) that directly or indirectly owns, controls, or holds with power to vote, 25 percent or more of the voting shares of one or more banks or of a corporation that is or becomes a bank holding company by virtue of this definition, (ii) that controls in any manner the election of a majority of the directors of one or more banks, or (iii) for the benefit of whose shareholders or members 25 percent or more of the voting shares of one or more banks or bank holding companies is held by trustees. See Virginia Code 6.2-800
• Bank holding company: has the meaning assigned to it in 12 U. See Virginia Code 6.2-836
• Bank holding company: has the meaning assigned to it in § 6. See Virginia Code 6.2-1047
• Bank regulator: includes the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Federal Reserve Board, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, the Federal Trade Commission, and the Bureau. See Virginia Code 6.2-947
• Bank supervisory agency: means : (i) any agency of another state with primary responsibility for chartering and supervising a trust institution and (ii) the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and any successor to these agencies. See Virginia Code 6.2-1065
• Bank under common ownership: means a bank of which 80 percent or more of its common stock is owned, directly or indirectly through a subsidiary, by the same Virginia bank holding company as owns, directly or indirectly through a subsidiary, at least 80 percent of the stock of the subsidiary bank substituted as fiduciary. See Virginia Code 6.2-1047
• Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
• Bar or lounge area: means any establishment or portion of an establishment devoted to the sale and service of alcoholic beverages for consumption on the premises and where the sale or service of food or meals is incidental to the consumption of the alcoholic beverages. See Virginia Code 15.2-2820
• Base station: means a station that includes a structure that currently supports or houses an antenna, transceiver, coaxial cables, power cables, or other associated equipment at a specific site that is authorized to communicate with mobile stations, generally consisting of radio transceivers, antennas, coaxial cables, power supplies, and other associated electronics. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.3
• Base year: means the most recent fiscal year for which comparable data are available for: (i) population estimates by the Center for Public Service or the United States Bureau of the Census, adjusted for annexation as determined by the Department, (ii) actual state expenditures for salaries and expenses of sheriffs as reported by the Compensation Board, (iii) number of persons eligible for Temporary Assistance to Needy Families as defined in § 63. See Virginia Code 9.1-165
• Basic service tier: means the service tier that includes (i) the retransmission of local television broadcast channels and (ii) public, educational, and governmental channels required to be carried in the basic tier. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.19
• Battlefield preservation organization: means a private nonprofit organization whose primary purpose is the preservation of one or more historical battlefields, including a battlefield property as defined in § 10. See Virginia Code 10.1-2300
• Battlefield property: means any real property in the Commonwealth that is listed in the Report on the Nation's Civil War Battlefields by the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission (Civil War Sites Advisory Commission/National Park Service, 1993, as amended); the Report to Congress on the Historic Preservation of Revolutionary War and War of 1812 Sites in the United States by the American Battlefield Protection Program of the National Park Service (U. See Virginia Code 10.1-2200
• Bed-and-breakfast operation: means a residential-type establishment that provides (i) two or more rental accommodations for transient guests and food service to a maximum of 18 transient guests on any single day for five or more days in any calendar year or (ii) at least one rental accommodation for transient guests and food service to a maximum of 18 transient guests on any single day for 30 or more days in any calendar year. See Virginia Code 35.1-1
• Behavioral health: means the full range of mental health and substance abuse services. See Virginia Code 30-401
• Behavioral health service system: means those public and private providers, including state and local government agencies and entities, engaged in the development, delivery, coordination, monitoring, oversight, and financing of behavioral health services in the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 30-401
• Beneficial owner: means any person who, directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, or understanding, other than a revocable proxy, has or shares the power to vote, or to direct the voting of, shares; except that a member of a national securities exchange is not deemed to be a beneficial owner of securities held directly or indirectly by it on behalf of another person solely because the member is the record holder of the securities if the member is precluded by the rules of the exchange from voting without instruction on contested matters or matters that may affect substantially the rights or privileges of the holders of the securities to be voted. See Virginia Code 13.1-729
• Beneficial ownership: means the sole or shared power to dispose or direct the disposition of shares, or the sole or shared power to vote or direct the voting of shares, or the sole or shared power to acquire shares, including any such power that is not immediately exercisable, whether such power is direct or indirect or through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise. See Virginia Code 13.1-728.1
• Beneficial shareholder: means a person that owns the beneficial interest in shares, which may be a record shareholder or a person on whose behalf shares are registered in the name of an intermediary as nominee. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Beneficial shareholder: means a person who is the beneficial owner of shares held in a voting trust or by a nominee on the beneficial owner's behalf. See Virginia Code 13.1-729
• Beneficiary: means a person named in a trust account as one for whom a party to the account is named as trustee. See Virginia Code 6.2-604
• Benefit corporation: means a corporation organized pursuant to the provisions of this chapter:

  1. See Virginia Code 13.1-782

• Benefit enforcement proceeding: means any claim or action brought directly by a benefit corporation, or derivatively on behalf of a benefit corporation, against a director or officer for (i) failure to pursue the general public benefit purpose of the benefit corporation or any specific public benefit purpose set forth in its articles of incorporation or bylaws or otherwise adopted by its board of directors or (ii) a violation of a duty or standard of conduct under this article. See Virginia Code 13.1-782
• Benefit zone: means an apportioned area designated within a tourism improvement district in which businesses pay a fee based upon the degree of benefit derived from activities to be provided. See Virginia Code 15.2-2413.1
• Benefit zone: means an apportioned area designated within a business improvement and recruitment district in which businesses pay a fee based upon the degree of benefit derived from activities to be provided. See Virginia Code 15.2-2413.12
• Benefited business: includes one or more types of businesses, one or more segments of businesses, or businesses within one or more industries, as set forth in a tourism improvement district plan. See Virginia Code 15.2-2413.1
• Benefited business: includes one or more types of businesses, one or more segments of businesses, or businesses within one or more industries, as set forth in a business improvement and recruitment district plan. See Virginia Code 15.2-2413.12
• Benefits consortium: means a trust that complies with the conditions set forth in § 6. See Virginia Code 6.2-951
• bill in equity: shall mean a complaint in a civil action, as provided in the Rules of Supreme Court of Virginia;

  11. See Virginia Code 8.01-2

• Blind person: means a person who has central visual acuity of 20/200 or less in the better eye, as measured with best correction, or a limitation in the field of vision of the better eye, such that the widest diameter of the visual field subtends an angle of 20 degrees or less. See Virginia Code 51.5-60
• Board: means the Board of Health. See Virginia Code 32.1-276.3
• Board: means the Board of Historic Resources. See Virginia Code 10.1-2200
• Board: means the Board of Medical Assistance Services. See Virginia Code 32.1-343
• Board: means the Board of Medical Assistance Services. See Virginia Code 32.1-353.2
• Board: means the Board of Trustees of the Foundation appointed pursuant to § 32. See Virginia Code 32.1-354
• Board: means the State Board of Elections. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Board: means the Board of Directors of the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Authority. See Virginia Code 4.1-100
• Board: means the Board of Directors of the Virginia Resources Authority. See Virginia Code 10.1-603.16
• Board: means the Board of Housing and Community Development. See Virginia Code 36-71.1
• Board: means the Virginia Soil and Water Conservation Board. See Virginia Code 10.1-500
• Board: means the Board of Housing and Community Development. See Virginia Code 36-85.3
• Board: means the Board of Housing and Community Development. See Virginia Code 36-131
• Board: means the Board of Housing and Community Development. See Virginia Code 36-141
• Board: means the Criminal Justice Services Board. See Virginia Code 9.1-101
• Board: means the Board of Housing and Community Development. See Virginia Code 36-152
• Board: means the Virginia Board of Workforce Development. See Virginia Code 23.1-627.1
• Board: means the Board of Housing and Community Development. See Virginia Code 15.2-2414
• Board: means the Board of Conservation and Recreation. See Virginia Code 10.1-400
• Board: means the Cave Board. See Virginia Code 10.1-1000
• Board: means the Criminal Justice Services Board. See Virginia Code 9.1-185
• Board: means the Board for the Blind and Vision Impaired. See Virginia Code 51.5-60
• Board: means the board of directors of the Authority. See Virginia Code 10.1-1600
• Board: means the Board of Housing and Community Development. See Virginia Code 27-95
• Board of directors: means the group of persons vested with the management of the business of the corporation irrespective of the name by which such group is designated, and "director" means a member of the board of directors. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Body determining just compensation: means a panel of commissioners empaneled pursuant to § 25. See Virginia Code 25.1-100
• Body-worn camera system: means the same as that term is defined in § 15. See Virginia Code 9.1-193
• Bona fide prospective purchaser: means a person or a tenant of a person who acquires ownership, or proposes to acquire ownership, of real property after the release of hazardous substances occurred. See Virginia Code 10.1-1230
• Bond with surety: includes the payment in cash of the full amount of the required bond and, in such case, no surety shall be required. See Virginia Code 1-205
• Bonds: means notes, bonds, certificates and other evidences of indebtedness or obligations of the Authority. See Virginia Code 10.1-1600
• Branch office: means an office of a savings institution where, in addition to conducting other business activities of the institution, the institution accepts deposits. See Virginia Code 6.2-1100
• Brownfield: means real property; the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant. See Virginia Code 10.1-1230
• Business: means a business of any kind located in a tourism improvement district. See Virginia Code 15.2-2413.1
• Business: means a business of any kind located in a business improvement and recruitment district. See Virginia Code 15.2-2413.12
• Business enterprise: means any business other than a vending stand. See Virginia Code 51.5-60
• Business fee: means any fee charged to a benefited business pursuant to this article. See Virginia Code 15.2-2413.1
• Business fee: means any fee charged to a benefited business pursuant to this article. See Virginia Code 15.2-2413.12
• Business firm: means any corporation, partnership, electing small business (Subchapter S) corporation, limited liability company, or sole proprietorship authorized to do business in the Commonwealth and subject to tax imposed under Articles 2 (§ 58. See Virginia Code 36-158
• Business improvement and recruitment district: means a district established by a locality under the provisions of this article within a Main Street District. See Virginia Code 15.2-2413.12
• Business improvement and recruitment district plan: means a proposal for a business improvement and recruitment district under the provisions of this article. See Virginia Code 15.2-2413.12
• business of insurance: include solicitation, negotiations preliminary to execution, execution of an insurance contract, and the transaction of matters subsequent to execution of the contract and arising out of it. See Virginia Code 38.2-100
• Business owner: means any person recognized by a locality as the owner of a business subject to a business fee. See Virginia Code 15.2-2413.1
• Business owner: means any person recognized by a locality as the owner of a business subject to a business fee. See Virginia Code 15.2-2413.12
• Cable operator: means any person or group of persons that (i) provides cable service over a cable system and directly or through one or more affiliates owns a significant interest in such cable system or (ii) otherwise controls or is responsible for, through any arrangement, the management and operation of a cable system. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.19
• Cable service: means the one-way transmission to subscribers of (i) video programming or (ii) other programming service, and subscriber interaction, if any, which is required for the selection or use of such video programming or other programming service. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.19
• Cable television service: means (i) the one-way transmission to subscribers of video programming or other programming service; and (ii) subscriber interaction, if any, that is required for the selection or use of the video programming or other programming service. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.2
• Campground: means any area, place, parcel, or tract of land, by whatever name called, on which three or more campsites are occupied or intended for occupancy, or facilities are established or maintained, wholly or in part, for the accommodation of camping units for periods of overnight or longer, whether the use of the campsites and facilities is granted gratuitously, or by rental fee, lease, or conditional sale, or by covenants, restrictions, and easements, including any travel trailer camp, recreation camp, family campground, camping resort, or camping community. See Virginia Code 35.1-1
• Camping and recreational facilities: means camp sites, cabins, lodges, halls, tent camps, trailer camps, public and park lands, as well as equipment, structures and roads which are appurtenant to and useful in connection with state parks including, but not limited to sanitary and utility services, restaurants, cafeterias, stables, horses and riding equipment, bathing beaches, boathouses, boats, conference facilities, sightseeing facilities, sports facilities, bridges, access highways, and all incidental rights, easements, equipment and structures now under the control of the Department or acquired, constructed, enlarged or improved under the provisions of this chapter. See Virginia Code 10.1-300
• Camping unit: means any device or vehicular type structure for use as temporary living quarters or shelter during periods of recreation, vacation, leisure time, or travel, including any tent, tent trailer, travel trailer, camping trailer, pickup camper, or motor home. See Virginia Code 35.1-1
• Capital: means the sum of share accounts, reserves, and undivided earnings of a credit union. See Virginia Code 6.2-1300
• Capital costs: means all costs of providing a service that are capitalized in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.2
• Caregiver services: means counseling services, including individual counseling, support groups, and caregiver training; respite services, including institutional respite and direct respite services; and supplemental services. See Virginia Code 51.5-134
• Case law: The law as laid down in cases that have been decided in the decisions of the courts.
• Case management: means a dynamic collaborative process that utilizes and builds on the strengths and resources of consumers to assist them in identifying their needs, accessing and coordinating services, and achieving their goals. See Virginia Code 51.5-116
• Caucus: From the Algonquian Indian language, a caucus meant "to meet together." An informal organization of members of the legislature that exists to discuss issues of mutual concern and possibly to perform legislative research and policy planning for its members. There are regional, political or ideological, ethnic, and economic-based caucuses.
• cave: includes or is synonymous with cavern, sinkhole, natural pit, grotto, and rock shelter. See Virginia Code 10.1-1000
• Cave life: means any rare or endangered animal or other life form which normally occurs in, uses, visits, or inhabits any cave or subterranean water system. See Virginia Code 10.1-1000
• CDFI: means a community development financial institution that provides credit and financial services for underserved communities. See Virginia Code 36-156.3
• Census data: means the population data received from the United States Bureau of the Census pursuant to P. See Virginia Code 30-391
• Central absentee voter precinct: means a precinct established pursuant to § 24. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Central registry: means the system maintained at the Department of Social Services pursuant to § 63. See Virginia Code 2.2-438
• Central station dispatcher: means an individual who monitors burglar alarm signal devices, burglar alarms or any other electrical, mechanical or electronic device used (i) to prevent or detect burglary, theft, shoplifting, pilferage or similar losses; (ii) to prevent or detect intrusion; or (iii) primarily to summon aid for other emergencies. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Certificate: includes a diploma. See Virginia Code 23.1-213
• Certificate: means a certificate issued by a judge on or before June 30, 2005, pursuant to former § 19. See Virginia Code 9.1-185
• Certificate: includes a certificate of deposit and a certificate of take. See Virginia Code 25.1-300
• Certificate of deposit: means a certificate filed by an authorized condemnor with the court wherein condemnation proceedings are pending or are to be instituted, stating that any sum or sums designated therein shall be paid pursuant to the order of the court, and which is filed in lieu of the payment of funds into court as provided in subdivision A 2 of § 25. See Virginia Code 25.1-300
• Certificate of take: means a certificate recorded by an authorized condemnor with the court wherein condemnation proceedings are pending or are to be instituted, in connection with which the authorized condemnor has deposited funds with the court as provided in subdivision A 1 of § 25. See Virginia Code 25.1-300
• Certificated provider of telecommunications services: means a person holding a certificate issued by the State Corporation Commission to provide local exchange telephone service. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.19
• Certification: means the method of regulation indicating that qualified persons have met the minimum requirements as private security services training schools, private security services instructors, compliance agents, or certified detector canine handler examiners. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Certified food protection manager: means a person who has demonstrated proficiency in food safety issues, regulations, and techniques in maintaining a safe-food environment by passing a test and receiving a certification as part of a program that is accredited by the Board. See Virginia Code 35.1-1
• Certified nursing facility: means any skilled nursing facility, skilled care facility, intermediate care facility, nursing or nursing care facility, or nursing home, whether freestanding or a portion of a freestanding medical care facility, that is certified for participation as a Medicare or Medicaid provider, or both, pursuant to Title XVIII and Title XIX of the United States Social Security Act, as amended, and § 32. See Virginia Code 32.1-353.2
• Chambers: A judge's office.
• Charity: An agency, institution, or organization in existence and operating for the benefit of an indefinite number of persons and conducted for educational, religious, scientific, medical, or other beneficent purposes.
• Check 21 Act: Check 21 is a federal law that is designed to enable banks to handle more checks electronically, which is intended to make check processing faster and more efficient. Check 21 is the short name for the Check Clearing for the 21st Century Act, which went into effect on October 28, 2004. ^{Source: OCC}
• Chief executive officer: includes the Chancellor of the Virginia Community College System, the Chancellor of the University of Virginia's College at Wise, the Superintendent of Virginia Military Institute, and the president of each other public institution of higher education. See Virginia Code 23.1-100
• Chief judge: The judge who has primary responsibility for the administration of a court but also decides cases; chief judges are determined by seniority.
• Child: means an individual under the age of 18. See Virginia Code 2.2-438
• Child-placing agency: means (i) any person who places children in foster homes, adoptive homes, or independent living arrangements pursuant to § 63. See Virginia Code 2.2-438
• Child-serving agency: means (i) a state agency that provides services to children, including the Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services, the Department of Education, the Department of Health, the Department of Juvenile Justice, the Department of Social Services, and the Office of Children's Services, and (ii) a local entity that provides services to children and that receives funding from a state agency under clause (i). See Virginia Code 2.2-438
• City: means any city or town in the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• City: includes all cities chartered under the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 10.1-500
• Civil forfeiture: The loss of ownership of property used to conduct illegal activity.
• Claim: means any request or demand, whether under a contract or otherwise, for money or property, regardless of whether the Commonwealth has title to the money or property, that (i) is presented to an officer, employee, or agent of the Commonwealth or (ii) is made to a contractor, grantee, or other recipient (a) if the money or property is to be spent or used on the Commonwealth's behalf or to advance a governmental program or interest and (b) if the Commonwealth provides or has provided any portion of the money or property requested or demanded or will reimburse such contractor, grantee, or other recipient for any portion of the money or property that is requested or demanded. See Virginia Code 8.01-216.2
• Clerk of court: An officer appointed by the court to work with the chief judge in overseeing the court's administration, especially to assist in managing the flow of cases through the court and to maintain court records.
• Client: means any person receiving a service provided by the personnel or facilities of a public or private agency, whether referred to as a client, participant, patient, resident, or other term. See Virginia Code 51.5-116
• Cloning: means the production of a precise genetic copy of a molecule, including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), or of chromosomes. See Virginia Code 32.1-162.21
• Co-locate: means to install, mount, maintain, modify, operate, or replace a wireless facility on, under, within, or adjacent to a base station, building, existing structure, utility pole, or wireless support structure. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.3
• Code: means the Statewide Fire Prevention Code. See Virginia Code 27-95
• Code provisions: means the provisions of the Fire Prevention Code as adopted and promulgated by the Board, and the amendments thereof as adopted and promulgated from time to time by such Board. See Virginia Code 27-95
• Collective reserve account: means an account on the corporate books representing the worker cooperative's entire net book value minus balances in any other equity accounts. See Virginia Code 13.1-346
• College: means any associate-degree-granting institution of higher education or institution of higher education at which a bachelor's degree is the most advanced degree that is granted. See Virginia Code 23.1-213
• Commercial activities: means activities in which a bank holding company, a financial holding company, a national bank, or a national bank financial subsidiary may not engage under federal law. See Virginia Code 6.2-836
• Commission: means the State Corporation Commission of Virginia. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Commission: means the Judicial Inquiry and Review Commission provided for in Article VI, Section 10 of the Constitution of Virginia. See Virginia Code 17.1-900
• Commission: means the State Corporation Commission. See Virginia Code 38.2-100
• Commission: means the State Corporation Commission of Virginia. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Commission: means the Public-Private Partnership Advisory Commission. See Virginia Code 30-278
• Commission: means the Intercollegiate Athletics Review Commission. See Virginia Code 30-359
• Commission: means the Virginia Redistricting Commission established pursuant to this chapter. See Virginia Code 30-391
• Commission: means the Behavioral Health Commission. See Virginia Code 30-401
• Commissioner: means the Commissioner of the Department for the Blind and Vision Impaired. See Virginia Code 51.5-60
• Commissioner: means the Commissioner for Aging and Rehabilitative Services. See Virginia Code 51.5-116
• Commissioner: means the State Health Commissioner. See Virginia Code 35.1-1
• Commissioner: means the Commissioner of Financial Institutions. See Virginia Code 6.2-100
• Commissioner of Insurance: means the administrative or executive officer of the Bureau. See Virginia Code 38.2-100
• Committee: means the Brown v. See Virginia Code 30-231.01
• Committee: means the Redistricting Commission Selection Committee established pursuant to § 30-393. See Virginia Code 30-391
• Common data layout: means the national data collection standard adopted and maintained by the APCD Council. See Virginia Code 32.1-276.3
• Common interest community: means a condominium, cooperative, or other real property with respect to which a person, by virtue of the person's ownership of a parcel of real property, is obligated to pay property taxes or insurance premiums, for maintenance or improvement of other real property described in a recorded covenant that creates the common interest community. See Virginia Code 10.1-1238
• Common trust funds: means common trust funds that are described under § 584 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, as well as any other type of collective investment fund that is exempt from federal income taxation under any other provision of the Internal Revenue Code or regulations issued pursuant thereto. See Virginia Code 6.2-1081
• Commonwealth: means the Commonwealth of Virginia, any agency of state government, and any political subdivision of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 8.01-216.2
• Community and economic development entity: has the meaning assigned to it in 12 C. See Virginia Code 6.2-800
• Community care team: means the same as that term is defined in § 37. See Virginia Code 9.1-193
• Community development corporation: means a private, nonprofit corporation whose board of directors is composed primarily of community representatives or business, civic, and community leaders and whose principal purpose includes the provision of housing, community-based economic development projects, and social services that primarily benefit low-income individuals and communities. See Virginia Code 6.2-800
• Community development project: has the meaning assigned to it in 12 C. See Virginia Code 6.2-800
• Community Reinvestment Act: The Act is intended to encourage depository institutions to help meet the credit needs of the communities in which they operate, including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods. It was enacted by the Congress in 1977. ^{Source: OCC}
• Community-based economic development: means activities that (i) seek to address economic development through affordable housing development or the rehabilitation of qualified rehabilitated buildings or certified historic structures or (ii) seek to address economic causes of poverty in specific geographic areas by revitalizing the economic and social base of low-income communities through activities that include (a) small business and micro-enterprise support; (b) commercial, industrial, and retail revitalization, retention, and expansion; (c) capacity development and technical assistance support for community development corporations; (d) employment and training efforts; (e) human resource development; and (f) social service enterprises. See Virginia Code 6.2-800
• Company: means any association, aggregate of individuals, business, corporation, individual, joint-stock company, Lloyds type of organization, organization, partnership, receiver, reciprocal or interinsurance exchange, trustee or society. See Virginia Code 38.2-100
• Company: means an insurance company issuing a long-term disability insurance policy purchased by the Board pursuant to this chapter. See Virginia Code 51.1-1100
• Company: means an insurance company issuing a long-term disability insurance policy purchased by the Board pursuant to this chapter. See Virginia Code 51.1-1150
• Competency-based: means awarded on the basis of demonstrated knowledge and skills rather than completion of instructional hours or participation in an instructional course or program. See Virginia Code 23.1-627.1
• Competition: includes training sessions or practice for a contest or event. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Competition terrain: means any part of a winter sports area in which an operator has authorized a competition to take place. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Competitor: means a winter sports participant who actually is engaged in a competition in any portion of a winter sports area made available by the winter sports area operator. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Complainant: means an individual who makes a complaint pursuant to § 2. See Virginia Code 2.2-438
• Compliance agent: means an individual who owns or is employed by a licensed private security services business to ensure the compliance of the private security services business with this title. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Compliance assurance agency: means an architect or professional engineer registered in Virginia, or an organization, determined by the Department to be specially qualified by reason of facilities, personnel, experience and demonstrated reliability, to investigate, test and evaluate industrialized buildings; to list such buildings complying with standards at least equal to those promulgated by the Board; to provide adequate follow-up services at the point of manufacture to ensure that production units are in full compliance; and to provide a label as evidence of compliance on each manufactured section or module. See Virginia Code 36-71.1
• Comprehensive agreement: means the same as the term is defined in the Public-Private Education Facilities and Infrastructure Act of 2002 (§ 56-575. See Virginia Code 30-278
• Comprehensive community college: means an associate-degree-granting public institution of higher education governed by the State Board that offers instruction in one or more of the following fields:

  1. See Virginia Code 23.1-100

• Comprehensive crisis system: means the same as that term is defined in § 37. See Virginia Code 9.1-193
• Computer or digital forensic services: means the use of highly specialized expertise for the recovery, authentication, and analysis of electronic data or computer usage. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Concurrent resolution: A legislative measure, designated "S. Con. Res." and numbered consecutively upon introduction, generally employed to address the sentiments of both chambers, to deal with issues or matters affecting both houses, such as a concurrent budget resolution, or to create a temporary joint committee. Concurrent resolutions are not submitted to the President/Governor and thus do not have the force of law.
• condemnor: includes a state agency. See Virginia Code 25.1-100
• Conditional zoning: means , as part of classifying land within a locality into areas and districts by legislative action, the allowing of reasonable conditions governing the use of such property, such conditions being in addition to, or modification of the regulations provided for a particular zoning district or zone by the overall zoning ordinance. See Virginia Code 15.2-2201
• Conduit entity: means an organization described in § 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code that qualifies as a public charity under § 509(a)(2) or 509(a)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code, and the purposes of which entity allow it to perform the functions and obligations of a conduit entity prescribed in a financing agreement. See Virginia Code 15.2-1815
• Conference committee: A temporary, ad hoc panel composed of conferees from both chamber of a legislature which is formed for the purpose of reconciling differences in legislation that has passed both chambers. Conference committees are usually convened to resolve bicameral differences on major and controversial legislation.
• Conservation easement: means a nonpossessory interest of a holder in real property, whether easement appurtenant or in gross, acquired through gift, purchase, devise, or bequest imposing limitations or affirmative obligations, the purposes of which include retaining or protecting natural or open-space values of real property, assuring its availability for agricultural, forestal, recreational, or open-space use, protecting natural resources, maintaining or enhancing air or water quality, or preserving the historical, architectural or archaeological aspects of real property. See Virginia Code 10.1-1009
• Conservator: includes (i) a local or regional program designated by the Department for Aging and Rehabilitative Services as a public conservator pursuant to Article 6 (§ 51. See Virginia Code 64.2-2000
• Consolidated Plan: means a document setting forth various housing and community development goals, objectives, and strategies to be followed by the Commonwealth in addressing housing and community development conditions in the Commonwealth and serving as the strategic plan for the programs established by the Department and, to the extent and in the manner determined in accordance with § 36-55. See Virginia Code 36-131
• Conspicuous: means so written, displayed, or presented that a reasonable person against whom the writing is to operate should have noticed it. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Conspicuous: means so written, displayed, or presented that a reasonable person against whom the writing is to operate should have noticed it. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Consumer: means any person (i) whose occupation is other than the administration of health activities or the provision of health services, (ii) who has no fiduciary obligation to a health care institution or other health agency or to any organization, public or private, whose principal activity is an adjunct to the provision of health services, or (iii) who has no material financial interest in the rendering of health services. See Virginia Code 32.1-276.3
• Consumer: means , with respect to case management services, a person with a disability or his designee, guardian, conservator, or committee. See Virginia Code 51.5-116
• Container: means any barrel, bottle, carton, keg, vessel, or other receptacle used for holding alcoholic beverages. See Virginia Code 4.1-100
• Contents: when used with respect to any wire, electronic or oral communication, includes any information concerning the substance, purport or meaning of that communication;

  "Electronic, mechanical or other device" means any device or apparatus that can be used to intercept a wire, electronic or oral communication other than:

  (a) Any telephone or telegraph instrument, equipment or facility, or any component thereof, (i) furnished to the subscriber or user by a provider of wire or electronic communication service in the ordinary course of its business and being used by the subscriber or user in the ordinary course of its business or furnished by the subscriber or user for connection to the facilities of such service and used in the ordinary course of the subscriber's or user's business; or (ii) being used by a communications common carrier in the ordinary course of its business, or by an investigative or law-enforcement officer in the ordinary course of his duties;

  (b) A hearing aid or similar device being used to correct subnormal hearing to not better than normal;

  "Electronic communication" means any transfer of signs, signals, writing, images, sounds, data, or intelligence of any nature transmitted in whole or in part by a wire, radio, electromagnetic, photoelectronic or photooptical system. See Virginia Code 19.2-61

• Continuous service: means an uninterrupted period of service as a participating employee with the same employer. See Virginia Code 51.1-1150
• Contractual services: means any telephone, telegraph, postal, electric light and power service and other similar services. See Virginia Code 15.2-1234
• control: shall mean the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct or to cause the direction of the management or policies of a person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract, arrangement or understanding, or otherwise. See Virginia Code 13.1-728.1
• Control: means (i) ownership by a person of 25 percent or more of the voting stock of a trust company; (ii) control as defined in the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 (12 U. See Virginia Code 6.2-1013
• Control share acquisition: means the direct or indirect acquisition, other than in an excepted acquisition, by any person of beneficial ownership of shares of a public corporation that, except for this article, would have voting rights and would, when added to all other shares of such public corporation which then have voting rights and are beneficially owned by such person, would cause such person to become entitled, immediately upon acquisition of such shares, to vote or direct the vote of, shares having voting power within any of the following ranges of the votes entitled to be cast in an election of directors: (i) one-fifth or more but less than one-third of such votes; (ii) one-third or more but less than a majority of such votes; or (iii) a majority or more of such votes. See Virginia Code 13.1-728.1
• Controlled substance: means a controlled substance as defined in Article 1 (§ 18. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.4
• Conversion: means a transaction pursuant to this article. See Virginia Code 13.1-722.8
• Converted entity: means the converting entity as it continues in existence after a conversion. See Virginia Code 13.1-722.8
• Converting entity: means the domestic corporation or eligible entity that approves a plan of conversion pursuant to § 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-722.8
• Conveyed property: means real and personal property conveyed by a local government to a conduit or other entity pursuant to a financing agreement. See Virginia Code 15.2-1815
• Corporate action: means any action taken by or on behalf of the corporation, including any action taken by the incorporator, the board of directors, a committee, an officer or agent of the corporation, or the shareholders. See Virginia Code 13.1-614.1
• Corporation: means the Tobacco Settlement Financing Corporation as created under state law. See Virginia Code 32.1-354
• Corporation: includes any corporation and any domestic or foreign predecessor entity of a corporation in a merger or other transaction in which the predecessor's existence ceased upon consummation of the transaction. See Virginia Code 13.1-696
• Corporation: means the domestic corporation that is the issuer of the shares held by a shareholder demanding appraisal and, for matters covered by §§ 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-729
• Corporation: means the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. See Virginia Code 6.2-925
• Correctional status information: means records and data concerning each condition of a convicted person's custodial status, including probation, confinement, work release, study release, escape, or termination of custody through expiration of sentence, parole, pardon, or court decision. See Virginia Code 9.1-101
• Cost: includes , in addition to all labor, materials, machinery and equipment for construction, (i) acquisition of land, rights-of-way, property rights, easements and interests, including the costs of moving or relocating utilities, (ii) demolition or removal of any structure on land so acquired, including acquisition of land to which such structure may be moved, (iii) survey, engineering, and architectural expenses, (iv) legal, administrative, and other related expenses, and (v) interest charges and other financing costs if impact fees are used for the payment of principal and interest on bonds, notes or other obligations issued by the locality to finance the road improvement. See Virginia Code 15.2-2318
• Cost of camping and recreational facilities: means the purchase price, the cost of construction, the cost of all lands, properties, rights, easements and franchises acquired for construction, enlargements or improvements, reserve funds for the payment of principal or interest on the bonds, interest during construction of the enlargements or improvements, engineering and legal expenses, cost of plans, specifications, surveys, estimates of cost and of revenues, expenses for determining the feasibility or practicability of the enterprise, administrative expense, and other expenses necessary or incident to the financing and operation of any authorized project. See Virginia Code 10.1-300
• Council: means the State Council of Higher Education for Virginia. See Virginia Code 23.1-627.1
• Council: means the State Council of Higher Education for Virginia. See Virginia Code 23.1-100
• Counterclaim: A claim that a defendant makes against a plaintiff.
• County: means any county in the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• County: includes towns. See Virginia Code 10.1-500
• Courier: means any armed person who transports or offers to transport from one place to another documents or other papers, negotiable or nonnegotiable instruments, or other small items of value that require expeditious services. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• court: shall be deemed to include the courts of this Commonwealth, any other person or body appointed by it or acting under its process or authority in a judicial or quasi-judicial capacity, and any other judicial, quasi-judicial, or fact-finding body acting pursuant to the laws of the Commonwealth, including without limitation, the State Corporation Commission and the Virginia Workers' Compensation Commission. See Virginia Code 8.01-385
• Court: means any court vested with appropriate jurisdiction under the Constitution and laws of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 19.2-5
• Courts of record: means the Supreme Court of Virginia, the Court of Appeals of Virginia, and the circuit courts. See Virginia Code 1-212
• Covered lives: means subscribers, policyholders, members, enrollees, or dependents, as the case may be, under a policy or contract issued or issued for delivery in Virginia by a managed care health insurance plan licensee, insurer, health services plan, or preferred provider organization. See Virginia Code 32.1-276.3
• Covered voter: means :

  a. See Virginia Code 24.2-452

• Credit report: A detailed report of an individual's credit history prepared by a credit bureau and used by a lender in determining a loan applicant's creditworthiness. ^{Source: OCC}
• Credit Score: A number, roughly between 300 and 800, that measures an individual's credit worthiness. The most well-known type of credit score is the FICO score. This score represents the answer from a mathematical formula that assigns numerical values to various pieces of information in your credit report. ^{Source: OCC}
• Credit union: means a cooperative, nonprofit corporation organized under the laws of the Commonwealth and authorized to do business under this chapter for the purposes of encouraging thrift among its members, creating a source of credit at fair and reasonable rates of interest, providing an opportunity for its members to use and control their own money on a democratic basis in order to improve their economic and social condition, and conducting any other business, engaging in any other activity, and providing any other service that may be of benefit to its members, consistent with the provisions of this chapter and any regulations adopted by the Commission under this chapter. See Virginia Code 6.2-1300
• Credit union: means any credit union organized under Chapter 13 (§ 6. See Virginia Code 6.2-300
• Creditor process: means all methods used by creditors to collect unsecured debts. See Virginia Code 34-1
• Criminal history record information: means records and data collected by criminal justice agencies on adult individuals consisting of identifiable descriptions and notations of arrests, detentions, indictments, informations, or other formal charges, and any disposition arising therefrom. See Virginia Code 9.1-101
• Criminal justice agency: includes any program certified by the Commission on VASAP pursuant to § 18. See Virginia Code 9.1-101
• Criminal justice information system: means a system including the equipment, facilities, procedures, agreements, and organizations thereof, for the collection, processing, preservation, or dissemination of criminal history record information. See Virginia Code 9.1-101
• Criminal street gang: means the same as that term is defined in § 18. See Virginia Code 18.2-513
• Cross subsidize: means to pay a cost included in the direct costs or indirect costs of providing a service that is not accounted for in the full cost of accounting of providing the service. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.2
• Custodian: means any person or group of persons having the authority to grant permission for the installation and operation of vending stands and other business enterprises. See Virginia Code 51.5-60
• dam or other structure: means any structure extending from bank to bank of a river that will interfere with the normal movement of waterborne traffic, interfere with the normal movement of fish or wildlife, raise the water level on the upstream side of the structure, or lower the water level on the downstream side of the structure. See Virginia Code 10.1-407
• Date of the defective corporate action: means the date, or the approximate date if the exact date is unknown, the defective corporate action was purported to have been taken. See Virginia Code 13.1-614.1
• Date of valuation: means the time of the lawful taking by the petitioner, or the date of the filing of the petition pursuant to § 25. See Virginia Code 25.1-100
• De novo branch: means a branch of a bank located in a host state which (i) is originally established by the bank as a branch and (ii) does not become a branch of the bank as a result of the acquisition of another bank or a branch of another bank, or the merger, consolidation, or conversion of any such bank or branch. See Virginia Code 6.2-836
• Deadly force: means any force that is likely or intended to cause serious bodily injury or death. See Virginia Code 19.2-83.3
• Deadly weapon: means any object, other than a body part or stationary object, that in the manner of its actual, attempted, or threatened use is likely to cause serious bodily injury or death. See Virginia Code 19.2-83.3
• Debt: means a legally enforceable monetary obligation or liability of any individual whether arising out of a contract or otherwise, but not an obligation resulting from an intentional tort. See Virginia Code 34-1
• Decedent: A deceased person.
• Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
• Defective corporate action: means (i) any corporate action purportedly taken that is, and at the time such corporate action was purportedly taken would have been, within the power of the corporation, but is void or voidable due to a failure of authorization, or (ii) an over-issuance of shares. See Virginia Code 13.1-614.1
• Defective drywall: means drywall or similar building material composed of dried gypsum-based plaster that (i) contains elemental sulfur exceeding 10 parts per million as has been found in some drywall manufactured in the People's Republic of China and imported into the United States between 2004 and 2007 and, when exposed to heat, humidity, or both, releases elevated levels of hydrogen sulfide gas into the air or (ii) has been designated by the U. See Virginia Code 36-156.1
• Defense attorney: Represent defendants in criminal matters.
• Degree: means any earned award at the associate, baccalaureate, graduate, first professional, or specialist levels that represents satisfactory completion of the requirements of a program or course of study or instruction beyond the secondary school level. See Virginia Code 23.1-213
• Degree credit: means any earned credits awarded for successful completion of the requirements of a course of study or instruction beyond the secondary school level that may be used toward completion of a certificate or degree. See Virginia Code 23.1-213
• delivery: means any method of delivery used in conventional commercial practice, including delivery by hand, mail, commercial delivery, and, if authorized in accordance with § 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• delivery: means any method of delivery used in conventional commercial practice, including delivery by hand, mail, commercial delivery, and, if authorized in accordance with § 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Department: means the Department of Transportation. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.3
• Department: means the Department of Historic Resources. See Virginia Code 10.1-2200
• Department: means the state agency headed by the Commissioner of Elections. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Department: means the Department of Social Services. See Virginia Code 2.2-438
• Department: means the State Department of Health. See Virginia Code 32.1-3
• Department: means the Department of Conservation and Recreation. See Virginia Code 10.1-603.16
• Department: means the Department of Housing and Community Development. See Virginia Code 36-71.1
• Department: means the Department of Housing and Community Development. See Virginia Code 36-85.3
• Department: means the Department of Housing and Community Development. See Virginia Code 36-131
• Department: means the Department of Housing and Community Development. See Virginia Code 36-141
• Department: means the Department of Criminal Justice Services. See Virginia Code 9.1-101
• Department: means the Department of Housing and Community Development. See Virginia Code 36-152
• Department: means the Virginia Department of Forensic Science. See Virginia Code 19.2-11.5
• Department: means the Department of Housing and Community Development. See Virginia Code 15.2-2414
• Department: means the Department of Housing and Community Development. See Virginia Code 36-156.1
• Department: means the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. See Virginia Code 36-156.3
• Department: means the Department of Conservation and Recreation. See Virginia Code 10.1-400
• Department: means the Department of Housing and Community Development. See Virginia Code 36-158
• Department: means the Department of Criminal Justice Services. See Virginia Code 9.1-185
• Department: means the Department of Environmental Quality. See Virginia Code 10.1-1230
• Department: means the Department for the Blind and Vision Impaired. See Virginia Code 51.5-60
• Department: means the Department of Environmental Quality. See Virginia Code 10.1-1238
• Department: means the Department for Aging and Rehabilitative Services. See Virginia Code 51.5-116
• Department: means the State Department of Health. See Virginia Code 35.1-1
• Department: when used in this article shall refer to the contract administrator. See Virginia Code 51.5-150
• Dependent: means an individual recognized as a dependent by a uniformed service. See Virginia Code 24.2-452
• Deposition: An oral statement made before an officer authorized by law to administer oaths. Such statements are often taken to examine potential witnesses, to obtain discovery, or to be used later in trial.
• Derelict structures: means residential, commercial or industrial structures which are no longer being used for a place of habitation, business or industry and which are in such poor condition as to cause a blight upon the neighborhood in which any such structure is located. See Virginia Code 36-152
• Derivative proceeding: means a civil suit in the right of a domestic corporation or, to the extent provided in Article 8. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Designated relative: means the individual to or through whom the family members are related. See Virginia Code 6.2-1074
• Designated trail: means a winter sports area trail on which a participant is permitted by the operator to participate in a winter sport. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Detector canine: means any dog that detects drugs or explosives. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Detector canine handler: means any individual who uses a detector canine in the performance of private security duties. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Development: means a tract of land developed or to be developed as a unit under single ownership or unified control which is to be used for any business or industrial purpose or is to contain three or more residential dwelling units. See Virginia Code 15.2-2201
• Development rights: includes "transferable development rights. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.1
• Developmental services: means the same as that term is defined in § 37. See Virginia Code 9.1-193
• Devise: To gift property by will.
• Direct costs: means those expenses of a municipality that are directly attributable to providing a cable television service and would be eliminated if such service were not provided by the municipality. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.2
• Direct labor: means all work required for the preparation, processing and assembling of goods or articles including the packaging and packing thereof, but not including time spent in the supervision, administration, inspection and shipping of such operations, or in the production of component materials by other than blind persons. See Virginia Code 51.5-60
• Director: means the Director of the Department of Historic Resources. See Virginia Code 10.1-2200
• Director: means the Director of the Department of Medical Assistance Services. See Virginia Code 32.1-343
• Director: means the Director of the Department of Medical Assistance Services. See Virginia Code 32.1-353.2
• Director: means the director of the Foundation appointed pursuant to § 32. See Virginia Code 32.1-354
• Director: means the Director of the Department of Conservation and Recreation. See Virginia Code 10.1-603.16
• Director: means the Director of the Department of Housing and Community Development. See Virginia Code 36-131
• Director: means the Director of the Department of Housing and Community Development. See Virginia Code 36-156.1
• Director: means the Director of the Department of Conservation and Recreation. See Virginia Code 10.1-400
• Director: means the Director of the Department of Environmental Quality. See Virginia Code 10.1-1230
• Disability: means a partial disability or total disability. See Virginia Code 51.1-1100
• Disability: means a partial disability or total disability. See Virginia Code 51.1-1150
• Disability benefit: means income replacement payments payable to a participating employee under a short-term or long-term disability benefit program pursuant to this chapter. See Virginia Code 51.1-1100
• Disability benefit: means income replacement payments payable to a participating employee under a short-term or long-term disability benefit program pursuant to this chapter. See Virginia Code 51.1-1150
• Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
• Disinterested director: means a director who, at the time action is to be taken under § 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Disinterested director: means , except with respect to Article 14 (§ 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. ^Source:
• Disposition: means the burial, interment, entombment, cremation, or other authorized disposition of a dead body permitted by law. See Virginia Code 32.1-309.1
• Disposition of assets: means any action undertaken by a nonprofit entity to dispose of control of all or substantially all of its assets pursuant to an agreement of sale, transfer, lease, exchange, option, joint venture, or partnership, or to convert to a for-profit entity or to otherwise restructure the nonprofit entity or its assets, resulting in a change in control or governance of the entity or assets. See Virginia Code 32.1-373
• Dissemination: means any transfer of information, whether orally, in writing, or by electronic means. See Virginia Code 9.1-101
• Distribution: means a direct or indirect transfer of cash or other property, except the corporation's own shares, or incurrence of indebtedness by a corporation to or for the benefit of its shareholders in respect of any of its shares. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Distribution formula: means that linear equation derived biennially by the Department, using standard statistical procedures, which best predicts average crime rates in all cities and eligible counties in the Commonwealth on the basis of the following factors in their simplest form:

  1. See Virginia Code 9.1-165

• District director: means a member of the governing body of a district authorized to serve as a director. See Virginia Code 10.1-500
• Disturbed land: means the area from which overburden has been removed in any mining operation, plus the area covered by the spoil and refuse, plus any area used in such mining operation, including land used for processing, stockpiling, or settling ponds. See Virginia Code 45.2-1200
• Division: means the Division of Mineral Mining. See Virginia Code 45.2-1200
• Division: means the Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services of the Virginia Department of General Services. See Virginia Code 19.2-11.5
• Docket: A log containing brief entries of court proceedings.
• Document: means (i) any tangible medium on which information is inscribed, and includes any writing or written instrument, or (ii) an electronic record. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Document: means (i) any tangible medium on which information is inscribed, and includes handwritten, typed, printed, or similar instruments and copies of such instruments, or (ii) an electronic record. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Documentary material: means the original or any copy of any book, record, report, memorandum, paper, communication, tabulation, chart, or other document, or data compilations stored in or accessible through computer or other information retrieval systems, together with instructions and all other materials necessary to use or interpret such data compilations, and any product of discovery. See Virginia Code 8.01-216.2
• domestic corporation: means a corporation not authorized by law to issue shares, irrespective of the nature of the business to be transacted, organized under this chapter or existing pursuant to the laws of the Commonwealth on January 1, 1986, or that, by virtue of articles of incorporation, amendment, or merger, has become a domestic corporation of the Commonwealth, even though also being a corporation organized under laws other than the laws of the Commonwealth or that has become a domestic corporation of the Commonwealth pursuant to Article 11. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• domestic corporation: means a corporation authorized by law to issue shares, irrespective of the nature of the business to be transacted, organized under this chapter or existing pursuant to the laws of the Commonwealth on January 1, 1986, or which, by virtue of articles of incorporation, amendment, or merger, has become a domestic corporation of the Commonwealth, even though also being a corporation organized under laws other than the laws of the Commonwealth, or that has become a domestic corporation of the Commonwealth pursuant to Article 12. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Domestic partnership: means an association of two or more persons to carry on as co-owners of a business for profit formed under § 50-73. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Domestic partnership: means an association of two or more persons to carry on as co-owners a business for profit formed under § 50-73. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• domestic unincorporated entity: means a domestic partnership, limited liability company, limited partnership, or business trust. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Domesticated corporation: means the domesticating corporation as it continues in existence after a domestication. See Virginia Code 13.1-722.1:1
• Domesticated corporation: means the domesticating corporation as it continues in existence after a domestication. See Virginia Code 13.1-898.1:1
• Domesticating corporation: means the domestic corporation that approves a plan of domestication pursuant to § 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-722.1:1
• Domesticating corporation: means the domestic corporation that approves a plan of domestication pursuant to § 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-898.1:1
• Domestication: means a transaction pursuant to this article, including domestication of a foreign corporation as a domestic corporation or domestication of a domestic corporation in another jurisdiction, where the other jurisdiction authorizes such a transaction even if by another name. See Virginia Code 13.1-722.1:1
• Domestication: means a transaction pursuant to this article, including domestication of a foreign corporation as a domestic corporation or domestication of a domestic corporation in another jurisdiction, where the other jurisdiction authorizes such a transaction even if by another name. See Virginia Code 13.1-898.1:1
• Donee: The recipient of a gift.
• Donor: The person who makes a gift.
• Dual enrollment: means the concurrent enrollment of a scholarship recipient in an adult education program for the high school diploma and a public or private accredited two-year or four-year Virginia institution of higher education. See Virginia Code 30-231.01
• Due notice: means notice published at least twice, with an interval of at least seven days between the two publication dates, in a newspaper or other publication of general circulation within the appropriate area, or if no such publication of general circulation is available, by posting at a reasonable number of conspicuous places within the appropriate area. See Virginia Code 10.1-500
• Economic need: means the need resulting from an income level at or below the poverty line. See Virginia Code 51.5-134
• Economically mixed project: means residential housing or housing development, which may consist of one or more buildings located on contiguous or noncontiguous parcels that the HDA determines to finance as a single economically mixed project, to be occupied by persons and families of low and moderate income and by other persons and families as the HDA shall determine. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Educational agency: means any (i) public school in the Commonwealth, (ii) public or private accredited two-year or four-year Virginia institution of higher education that is in compliance with the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools accreditation standards for institutions and academic programs or other national or regional organization or agency recognized by the United States Secretary of Education for accrediting purposes, (iii) high school equivalency preparation program in compliance with Board of Education guidelines, (iv) College-Level Examination Program (CLEP) in compliance with the requirements of the College Board governing college level examination programs, or (v) accredited career and technical education postsecondary school in the Commonwealth, that accepts for admission recipients of the Brown v. See Virginia Code 30-231.01
• Educational facility: means any building used for instruction of enrolled students, including but not limited to any day-care center, nursery school, public or private school, institution of higher education, medical school, law school, or career and technical education school. See Virginia Code 15.2-2820
• Election: means a general, primary, or special election. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Election district: means the territory designated by proper authority or by law which is represented by an official elected by the people, including the Commonwealth, a congressional district, a General Assembly district, or a district for the election of an official of a county, city, town, or other governmental unit. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Electronic: means relating to technology having electrical, digital, magnetic, wireless, optical, electromagnetic, or similar capabilities. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Electronic: means relating to technology having electrical, digital, magnetic, wireless, optical, electromagnetic, or similar capabilities. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Electronic communication service: means any service which provides to users thereof the ability to send or receive wire or electronic communications;

  "Electronic communication system" means any wire, radio, electromagnetic, photooptical or photoelectronic facilities for the transmission of wire or electronic communications, and any computer facilities or related electronic equipment for the electronic storage of such communications;

  "Electronic storage" means any temporary, intermediate storage of a wire or electronic communication incidental to the electronic transmission thereof and any storage of such communication by an electronic communication service for purposes of backup protection of such communication;

  "Intercept" means any aural or other means of acquisition of the contents of any wire, electronic or oral communication through the use of any electronic, mechanical or other device;

  "Investigative or law-enforcement officer" means any officer of the United States or of a state or political subdivision thereof, who is empowered by law to conduct investigations of or to make arrests for offenses enumerated in this chapter, and any attorney authorized by law to prosecute or participate in the prosecution of such offenses;

  "Judge of competent jurisdiction" means a judge of any circuit court of the Commonwealth with general criminal jurisdiction;

  "Monitor" or "monitoring" means the actual auditory or visual acquisition of an intercepted communication by any means;

  "Oral communication" means any oral communication uttered by a person exhibiting an expectation that such communication is not subject to interception under circumstances justifying such expectations but does not include any electronic communication;

  "Pen register" means a device or process that records or decodes dialing, routing, addressing or signaling information transmitted by an instrument or facility from which a wire or electronic communication is transmitted; however, such information shall not include the contents of any communication. See Virginia Code 19.2-61

• Electronic funds transfer: The transfer of money between accounts by consumer electronic systems-such as automated teller machines (ATMs) and electronic payment of bills-rather than by check or cash. (Wire transfers, checks, drafts, and paper instruments do not fall into this category.) ^{Source: OCC}
• Electronic record: means information that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in paper form through an automated process used in conventional commercial practice, unless otherwise authorized in accordance with subsection J of § 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Electronic record: means information that is stored in an electronic or other nontangible medium and is retrievable in paper form through an automated process used in conventional commercial practice, unless otherwise authorized in accordance with subdivision A 10 of § 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Electronic security business: means any person who engages in the business of or undertakes to (i) install, service, maintain, design or consult in the design of any electronic security equipment to an end user; (ii) respond to or cause a response to electronic security equipment for an end user; or (iii) have access to confidential information concerning the design, extent, status, password, contact list, or location of an end user's electronic security equipment. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Electronic security employee: means an individual who is employed by an electronic security business in any capacity which may give him access to information concerning the design, extent, status, password, contact list, or location of an end user's electronic security equipment. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Electronic security equipment: means (i) electronic or mechanical alarm signaling devices including burglar alarms or holdup alarms used to safeguard and protect persons and property; or (ii) cameras used to detect intrusions, concealment or theft, to safeguard and protect persons and property. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Electronic security sales representative: means an individual who sells electronic security equipment on behalf of an electronic security business to the end user. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Electronic security technician: means an individual who installs, services, maintains or repairs electronic security equipment. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• electronically transmitted: means any form or process of communication, not directly involving the physical transfer of paper or other tangible medium, that (i) is suitable for the retention, retrieval, and reproduction of information by the recipient, and (ii) is retrievable in paper form by the recipient through an automated process used in conventional commercial practice, unless otherwise authorized in accordance with subsection J of § 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• electronically transmitted: means any form or process of communication, not directly involving the physical transfer of paper or another tangible medium, that (i) is suitable for the retention, retrieval, and reproduction of information by the recipient, and (ii) is retrievable in paper form by the recipient through an automated process used in conventional commercial practice, unless otherwise authorized in accordance with subdivision A 10 of § 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Eligible county: means any county which operates a police department. See Virginia Code 9.1-165
• Eligible employee: means (i) a state employee as defined in § 51. See Virginia Code 51.1-1100
• Eligible employee: means a person who is (i) not eligible for the disability program pursuant to Chapter 11 (§ 51. See Virginia Code 51.1-1150
• Eligible entity: means a domestic or foreign unincorporated entity or a domestic or foreign stock corporation. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Eligible entity: means a domestic or foreign unincorporated entity or a domestic or foreign nonstock corporation. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Eligible institution: means a baccalaureate public institution of higher education or baccalaureate nonprofit private institution of higher education whose primary purpose is to provide undergraduate collegiate education and not to provide religious training or theological education. See Virginia Code 23.1-622
• Eligible institution: means a comprehensive community college, the Institute for Advanced Learning and Research, New College Institute, Richard Bland College, Roanoke Higher Education Center, Southern Virginia Higher Education Center, or Southwest Virginia Higher Education Center. See Virginia Code 23.1-627.1
• Eligible institution: means a nonprofit private institution of higher education whose primary purpose is to provide collegiate, graduate, or professional education and not to provide religious training or theological education. See Virginia Code 23.1-628
• Eligible interests: means interests or shares. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Eligible interests: means interests or memberships. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Eligible student: means any Virginia student enrolled at an eligible institution who is domiciled in the Commonwealth as provided in § 23. See Virginia Code 23.1-627.1
• Embezzlement: In most states, embezzlement is defined as theft/larceny of assets (money or property) by a person in a position of trust or responsibility over those assets. Embezzlement typically occurs in the employment and corporate settings. ^{Source: OCC}
• emergency program: means the Emergency Program of the Federal Insurance Administration which provides subsidized flood insurance for potential flood victims, applicable to both new and existing structures, pending completion of applicable actuarial rates which is a prerequisite for eligibility to participate in the regular program. See Virginia Code 10.1-600
• Employed: means to be in an employer/employee relationship where the employee is providing work in exchange for compensation and the employer directly controls the employee's conduct and pays some taxes on behalf of the employee. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Employee: means any officer, employee or agent of any agency, or any person acting on behalf of an agency in an official capacity, temporarily or permanently in the service of the Commonwealth, or any transportation district, whether with or without compensation. See Virginia Code 8.01-195.2
• Employee: includes an employee or officer of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 8.01-216.2
• Employee: includes , unless otherwise provided in the bylaws, an officer but not a director. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Employee: includes , unless otherwise provided in the bylaws, an officer but not a director. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Employer: includes the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 8.01-216.2
• Employment services organization: means an organization that provides employment services to individuals with disabilities that is an approved Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities (CARF) accredited vendor of the Department. See Virginia Code 51.5-116
• En banc: In the bench or "full bench." Refers to court sessions with the entire membership of a court participating rather than the usual quorum. U.S. courts of appeals usually sit in panels of three judges, but may expand to a larger number in certain cases. They are then said to be sitting en banc.
• End user: means any person who purchases or leases electronic security equipment for use in that person's home or business. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Endowment: means the Virginia Tobacco Settlement Foundation Endowment established pursuant to § 32. See Virginia Code 32.1-354
• Energy storage facilities: means the energy storage equipment and technology within an energy storage project that is capable of absorbing energy, storing such energy for a period of time, and redelivering such energy after it has been stored. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.6
• Energy storage project: means the energy storage facilities within the project site. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.6
• Enforcement agency: means the agency or agencies of any local governing body or the State Fire Marshal charged with the administration or enforcement of the Fire Prevention Code. See Virginia Code 27-95
• Enrolled bill: The final copy of a bill or joint resolution which has passed both chambers in identical form. It is printed on parchment paper, signed by appropriate officials, and submitted to the President/Governor for signature.
• Enterprise: includes any of the following: sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation, business trust, criminal street gang, or other group of three or more individuals associated for the purpose of criminal activity. See Virginia Code 18.2-513
• Entitlement: A Federal program or provision of law that requires payments to any person or unit of government that meets the eligibility criteria established by law. Entitlements constitute a binding obligation on the part of the Federal Government, and eligible recipients have legal recourse if the obligation is not fulfilled. Social Security and veterans' compensation and pensions are examples of entitlement programs.
• Entity: includes any domestic or foreign corporation; any domestic or foreign nonstock corporation; any domestic or foreign unincorporated entity; any estate or trust; and any state, the United States and any foreign government. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Entity: means one or more persons, partnerships, unincorporated associations, corporations or other organizations entitled to hold property in its own name. See Virginia Code 13.1-776
• Entity: means any corporation, partnership, association, cooperative, limited liability company, trust, joint venture, government, political subdivision, or other legal or commercial entity. See Virginia Code 6.2-100
• Entity: includes any domestic or foreign corporation; any domestic or foreign stock corporation; any domestic or foreign unincorporated entity; any estate or trust; and any state, the United States, and any foreign government. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Entity conversion: means conversion. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Environmental covenant: means a servitude arising under an environmental response project that imposes activity and use limitations. See Virginia Code 10.1-1238
• Environmental response project: means a plan or work performed for environmental remediation of real property and conducted:

  1. See Virginia Code 10.1-1238

• Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
• ERISA: means the federal Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (P. See Virginia Code 6.2-951
• ERISA plan: means any self-funded employee welfare benefit plan governed by the requirements of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, 29 U. See Virginia Code 32.1-276.3
• Escheat: Reversion of real or personal property to the state when 1) a person dies without leaving a will and has no heirs, or 2) when the property (such as a bank account) has been inactive for a certain period of time. ^{Source: OCC}
• Escrow: Money given to a third party to be held for payment until certain conditions are met.
• Estate: includes both real and personal property. See Virginia Code 64.2-2000
• Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
• Excepted acquisition: means the acquisition of shares of a public corporation in any of the following circumstances:

  1. See Virginia Code 13.1-728.1

• Excessive force: means any force that is objectively unreasonable given the totality of the circumstances, including the severity of the crime at issue, whether the suspect poses an immediate threat to the safety of the officers or others, and whether the suspect is actively resisting arrest or attempting to evade arrest by flight. See Virginia Code 19.2-83.3
• Executive session: A portion of the Senate's daily session in which it considers executive business.
• Executor: A male person named in a will to carry out the decedent
• Exempt: means protected from all forms of creditor process. See Virginia Code 34-1
• Exemption: means protection from all forms of creditor process. See Virginia Code 34-1
• Existing structure: includes any structure that is currently supporting, designed to support, or capable of supporting the attachment of wireless facilities, including towers, buildings, utility poles, light poles, flag poles, signs, and water towers. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.3
• Expenses: means reasonable expenses of any kind that are incurred in connection with a matter. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Extradition: The formal process of delivering an accused or convicted person from authorities in one state to authorities in another state.
• Facility: means a state or licensed hospital, training center, psychiatric hospital, or other type of residential or outpatient mental health or mental retardation facility. See Virginia Code 64.2-2000
• Failure of authorization: means the failure to authorize, approve, or otherwise effect a corporate action in compliance with the provisions of this chapter, the articles of incorporation or bylaws, a corporate resolution, or any plan or agreement to which the corporation is a party, if and to the extent such failure would render such corporate action voidable. See Virginia Code 13.1-614.1
• Fair Credit Reporting Act: A federal law, established in 1971 and revised in 1997, that gives consumers the right to see their credit records and correct any mistakes. ^{Source: OCC}
• Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.
• Fair value: means the value of the corporation's shares determined:

  1. See Virginia Code 13.1-729

• Family: means a designated relative and family members of that designated relative. See Virginia Code 6.2-1074
• Family member: means the designated relative and:

  1. See Virginia Code 6.2-1074

• farm: means any person that obtains at least 51 percent of its annual gross income from agricultural operations and produces the agricultural waste used as feedstock for the waste-to-energy technology, (ii) "agricultural waste" means biomass waste materials capable of decomposition that are produced from the raising of plants and animals during agricultural operations, including animal manures, bedding, plant stalks, hulls, and vegetable matter, and (iii) "waste-to-energy technology" means any technology, including but not limited to a methane digester, that converts agricultural waste into gas, steam, or heat that is used to generate electricity on-site. See Virginia Code 1-222.1
• FDIC: means the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. See Virginia Code 6.2-800
• Feasibility consultant: means an individual or entity with expertise in the processes and economics of providing cable television service. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.2
• Federal Act: means the National Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Standards Act of 1974 as amended (42 U. See Virginia Code 36-85.3
• Federal agency: means the United States of America, the President of the United States of America, and any department, corporation, agency, or instrumentality created, designated, or established by the United States of America. See Virginia Code 10.1-1600
• Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation: A government corporation that insures the deposits of all national and state banks that are members of the Federal Reserve System. ^{Source: OCC}
• Federal financial institution: means a financial institution incorporated or organized in accordance with the laws of the United States. See Virginia Code 6.2-1100
• Federal government: means the United States of America or any agency or instrumentality, corporate or otherwise, of the United States of America. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Federal postcard application: means the application prescribed under § 101(b)(2) of the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act, 52 U. See Virginia Code 24.2-452
• Federal Regulations: means the Federal Manufactured Home Procedural and Enforcement Regulations. See Virginia Code 36-85.3
• Federal Reserve System: The central bank of the United States. The Fed, as it is commonly called, regulates the U.S. monetary and financial system. The Federal Reserve System is composed of a central governmental agency in Washington, D.C. (the Board of Governors) and twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks in major cities throughout the United States. ^{Source: OCC}
• Federal savings institution: means a savings institution incorporated or organized in accordance with the laws of the United States. See Virginia Code 6.2-1100
• Federal Standards: means the Federal Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards. See Virginia Code 36-85.3
• Federal statute: means a federal statute that is in accord with the United States Constitution imposing mandates on state or local governments, which may include, but is not limited to, the following:

  1. See Virginia Code 2.2-617

• Federal write-in absentee ballot: means the ballot described in § 103 of the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act, 52 U. See Virginia Code 24.2-452
• Federally insured mortgage: means a mortgage loan for land development for residential housing or residential housing insured or guaranteed by the United States or an instrumentality thereof, or a commitment by the United States or an instrumentality thereof to insure such a mortgage. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Fee: means a fee charged by a locality in accordance with a tourism improvement district plan. See Virginia Code 15.2-2413.1
• Fee: means a fee charged by a locality in accordance with a business improvement and recruitment district plan. See Virginia Code 15.2-2413.12
• Fiduciary: includes a guardian, committee, trustee, executor, conservator, or personal representative. See Virginia Code 64.2-100
• Fiduciary: means executor, administrator, conservator, guardian, committee, or trustee. See Virginia Code 6.2-1074
• Fiduciary: means the status resulting from an association's undertaking to act alone, through an affiliate, or jointly with others, primarily for the benefit of another, and includes an association's acting as trustee, executor, administrator, committee, guardian, conservator, receiver, managing agent, registrar of stocks and bonds, escrow, transfer, or paying agent, trustee of employee pension, welfare and profit sharing trusts, and in any other similar capacity. See Virginia Code 6.2-1081
• Fiduciary: shall include any one or more of the following: (i) a fiduciary as defined in § 8. See Virginia Code 6.2-604
• Fiduciary: means executor, administrator, conservator, guardian of a minor, committee, or trustee. See Virginia Code 6.2-1013
• Fiduciary account: means (i) an estate account for a decedent, (ii) an account established by one or more agents under a power of attorney or an existing account of a principal to which one or more agents under a power of attorney are added, (iii) an account established by one or more conservators, (iv) an account established by one or more committees, (v) a regular trust account under a testamentary trust or a trust agreement that has significance apart from the account, or (vi) an account arising from a fiduciary relationship such as an attorney-client relationship. See Virginia Code 6.2-604
• Fiduciary capacity: means every capacity in which a trust institution is granted the right to act pursuant to § 6. See Virginia Code 6.2-1047
• Field investigation: means the study of the traces of human culture at any site by means of surveying, sampling, excavating, or removing surface or subsurface material, or going on a site with that intent. See Virginia Code 10.1-2300
• Field supervisor: means a person who is physically present at least 70 percent of the time during a field investigation, exploration, or recovery operation involving the removal, destruction, or disturbance of any object of antiquity and who directly oversees such field investigation, exploration, or recovery operation. See Virginia Code 10.1-2300
• Filing entity: means an unincorporated entity other than a general partnership. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Finance charge: The total cost of credit a customer must pay on a consumer loan, including interest. The Truth in Lending Act requires disclosure of the finance charge. ^{Source: OCC}
• Finance charge: has the meaning assigned to it in Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Regulation Z, 12 C. See Virginia Code 6.2-100
• Financial holding company: has the meaning assigned to it in 12 U. See Virginia Code 6.2-836
• Financial institution: means any entity authorized to do business under state or federal laws relating to financial institutions that is authorized to establish accounts, including, without limitation, banks, trust companies, savings institutions, and credit unions. See Virginia Code 6.2-604
• Financial institution: means any bank, trust company, savings institution, industrial loan association, consumer finance company, or credit union. See Virginia Code 6.2-100
• Financial institution holding company: has the meaning assigned to it in § 6. See Virginia Code 6.2-1100
• fire marshal: as used in this chapter may include the local fire official and local arson investigator when appointed pursuant to this section. See Virginia Code 27-30
• Fire Services Board: means the Virginia Fire Services Board as provided for in § 9. See Virginia Code 27-95
• Fireworks: means any firecracker, torpedo, skyrocket, or other substance or object, of whatever form or construction, that contains any explosive or inflammable compound or substance, and is intended, or commonly known as fireworks, and which explodes, rises into the air or travels laterally, or fires projectiles into the air. See Virginia Code 27-95
• Fixed Rate: Having a "fixed" rate means that the APR doesn't change based on fluctuations of some external rate (such as the "Prime Rate"). In other words, a fixed rate is a rate that is not a variable rate. A fixed APR can change over time, in several circumstances:
  • You are late making a payment or commit some other default, triggering an increase to a penalty rate
  • The bank changes the terms of your account and you do not reject the change.
  • The rate expires (if the rate was fixed for only a certain period of time).
• Flood plain management regulations: means zoning ordinances, subdivision regulations, the building code, health regulations, special purpose ordinances such as flood plain ordinances, grading ordinances or erosion control ordinances, and other rules, regulations and ordinances which may affect flood plain uses. See Virginia Code 10.1-600
• flood-prone areas: means those areas adjoining a river, stream, water course, ocean, bay or lake which are likely to be covered by floodwaters. See Virginia Code 10.1-600
• Floor leaders: The Majority Leader and Minority Leader are elected by their respective party conferences to serve as the chief Senate spokesmen for their parties and to manage and schedule the legislative and executive business of the Senate. By custom, the Presiding Officer gives the floor leaders priority in obtaining recognition to speak on the floor of the Senate.
• Forbearance: A means of handling a delinquent loan. A
• Force majeure: includes , but is not limited to, acts of God, incidences of terrorism, war or riots, labor strikes or civil disturbances, floods, earthquakes, fire, explosions, epidemics, hurricanes, tornadoes, governmental actions and restrictions, work delays caused by waiting for utility providers to service or monitor or provide access to utility poles to which the cable operator's facilities are attached or to be attached or conduits in which the cable operator's facilities are located or to be located, and unavailability of materials or qualified labor to perform the work necessary. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.19
• Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. ^{Source: OCC}
• Foreign corporation: means a corporation not authorized by law to issue shares, organized under laws other than the laws of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Foreign corporation: means a corporation authorized by law to issue shares, organized under laws other than the laws of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Foreign nonstock corporation: means a corporation that is incorporated under a law other than the law of the Commonwealth and would, based on its public organic record, be a nonstock corporation if incorporated under the law of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Foreign partnership: means an association of two or more persons to carry on as co-owners of a business for profit formed under the laws of any state or jurisdiction other than the Commonwealth, and includes, for all purposes of the laws of the Commonwealth, a foreign registered limited liability partnership. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Foreign partnership: means an association of two or more persons to carry on as co-owners of a business for profit formed under the laws of any state or jurisdiction other than the Commonwealth, and includes, for all purposes of the laws of the Commonwealth, a foreign registered limited liability partnership. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Foreign savings institution: means a savings institution incorporated under the laws of a state other than the Commonwealth, the principal business office of which is located outside the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 6.2-1100
• Foreign unincorporated entity: means a foreign partnership, foreign limited liability company, foreign limited partnership, or foreign business trust. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Foreign unincorporated entity: means a foreign partnership, foreign limited liability company, foreign limited partnership, or foreign business trust. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Forgery: The fraudulent signing or alteration of another's name to an instrument such as a deed, mortgage, or check. The intent of the forgery is to deceive or defraud. ^{Source: OCC}
• Foster care: means care provided to a child by a foster parent, children's residential facility, or group home licensed or approved by the Department under Chapter 9 of Title 63. See Virginia Code 2.2-438
• Foundation: means the Virginia Foundation for Healthy Youth, created pursuant to § 32. See Virginia Code 32.1-354
• Foundation Allocation: means 10 percent of the annual amount received under the Master Settlement Agreement by the Commonwealth, or that would have been received but for the sale of such allocation pursuant to an agreement, between the starting and ending dates specified in the agreement. See Virginia Code 32.1-354
• Franchise: means an initial authorization, or renewal thereof, issued by a franchising authority, including a locality or the Commonwealth Transportation Board, whether such authorization is designated as a franchise, permit, license, resolution, contract, certificate, agreement, or otherwise, that authorizes the construction or operation of a cable system, a telecommunications system, or other facility in the public rights-of-way. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.19
• Fraudulent academic credential: means a certificate, academic transcript, or other document issued by a person or other entity that is not an institution of higher education that provides evidence of or demonstrates completion of coursework or academic credit that results in the issuance of a degree. See Virginia Code 23.1-213
• Freedom of Information Act: A federal law that mandates that all the records created and kept by federal agencies in the executive branch of government must be open for public inspection and copying. The only exceptions are those records that fall into one of nine exempted categories listed in the statute. ^{Source: OCC}
• freestyle terrain park: means any portion of a winter sports area that has been designated as such by the operator for freestyle skiing, freestyle snowboarding, or similar freestyle winter sports and includes, but is not limited to, the terrain park itself and features such as rails, boxes, jumps, hits, jibs, tabletops, spines, ramps, banks, pipes, half-pipes, quarter-pipes, tables, logs, or other man-made features such as buses and other vehicles, propane tanks, and tractor tires; snowcross terrain and features; and other constructed or natural features, but does not include moguls, bumps, or rollers or jumps not built by the operator, unless they are within a designated freestyle terrain park. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Freestyler: means a winter sports participant utilizing freestyle terrain or a freestyle terrain park. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Full-cost accounting: means the accounting of all costs incurred by a municipality in providing a cable television service. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.2
• functional area: means that grouping of state governmental activities, programs, and agencies which constitute a single budget function as identified and classified in the Virginia State Government Program Structure. See Virginia Code 30-65
• Fund: means the Virginia Tobacco Settlement Fund established pursuant to § 32. See Virginia Code 32.1-354
• Fund: means the Virginia Housing Trust Fund created by this chapter. See Virginia Code 36-141
• Fund: means a student loan fund. See Virginia Code 23.1-617
• Fund: means the Virginia Removal or Rehabilitation of Derelict Structures Fund created by this chapter. See Virginia Code 36-152
• Fund: means the Urban Public-Private Partnership Redevelopment Fund created by this chapter. See Virginia Code 15.2-2414
• Fund: means the New Economy Workforce Credential Grant Fund. See Virginia Code 23.1-627.1
• Fund: means the Virginia Broadband Infrastructure Loan Fund. See Virginia Code 15.2-2419
• Fund: means the Virginia Defective Drywall Correction and Restoration Assistance Fund. See Virginia Code 36-156.1
• Fund: means the Virginia Infrastructure Project Loan Fund. See Virginia Code 15.2-2430
• Fund: means the Virginia Food Access Investment Fund. See Virginia Code 36-156.3
• Fund: means the Housing Revitalization Zone Fund. See Virginia Code 36-158
• Fund: means the Virginia Brownfields Restoration and Economic Redevelopment Assistance Fund. See Virginia Code 10.1-1230
• Fund: means the Commonwealth Neurotrauma Initiative Trust Fund established pursuant to § 51. See Virginia Code 51.5-178
• Funding: means loans, forgivable loans, and grants made from the Fund. See Virginia Code 36-156.3
• Garnishment: Generally, garnishment is a court proceeding in which a creditor asks a court to order a third party who owes money to the debtor or otherwise holds assets belonging to the debtor to turn over to the creditor any of the debtor
• Gate: means any structure or device located to limit or prohibit access or entry to any cave. See Virginia Code 10.1-1000
• General election: means an election held in the Commonwealth on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November or on the first Tuesday in May for the purpose of filling offices regularly scheduled by law to be filled at those times. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• General public: means individuals who have access to areas open to all and not restricted to any particular class of the community. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• General public benefit: means a material positive impact on society and the environment taken as a whole, as measured by a third-party standard, from the business and operations of a benefit corporation. See Virginia Code 13.1-782
• General registrar: means the person appointed by the electoral board of a county or city pursuant to § 24. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Germane: On the subject of the pending bill or other business; a strict standard of relevance.
• Goods or articles made by blind persons: means goods or articles in the manufacture of which not less than seventy-five percent of the total hours of direct labor is performed by a blind person or persons. See Virginia Code 51.5-60
• Governing board: includes the State Board and the board of visitors of each baccalaureate public institution of higher education. See Virginia Code 23.1-100
• governing body: includes both or all of them. See Virginia Code 15.2-2602
• Governing instrument: means the written document or documents pursuant to which an association undertakes to act in a fiduciary capacity, and includes a will, codicil, deed of trust, trust deed, and other similar instruments. See Virginia Code 6.2-1081
• governmental: includes the government of this Commonwealth, the government of the United States, and any of their subdivisions, agencies or instrumentalities. See Virginia Code 10.1-500
• Grace period: The number of days you'll have to pay your bill for purchases in full without triggering a finance charge. ^{Source: Federal Reserve}
• Grand jury: agreement providing that a lender will delay exercising its rights (in the case of a mortgage,
• Grant: means the amount of financial assistance awarded under this article whether disbursed by warrant directly to an eligible institution or directly to a Virginia student. See Virginia Code 23.1-622
• Grant: means a New Economy Workforce Credential Grant. See Virginia Code 23.1-627.1
• Grant: means a Tuition Assistance Grant. See Virginia Code 23.1-628
• Grantor: The person who establishes a trust and places property into it.
• Gross revenue: means all revenue, as determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, that is actually received by the cable operator and derived from the operation of the cable system to provide cable services in the franchise area; however, in an ordinance cable franchise "gross revenue" shall not include: (i) refunds or rebates made to subscribers or other third parties; (ii) any revenue which is received from the sale of merchandise over home shopping channels carried on the cable system, but not including revenue received from home shopping channels for the use of the cable service to sell merchandise; (iii) any tax, fee, or charge collected by the cable operator and remitted to a governmental entity or its agent or designee, including without limitation a local public access or education group; (iv) program launch fees; (v) directory or Internet advertising revenue including, but not limited to, yellow page, white page, banner advertisement, and electronic publishing; (vi) a sale of cable service for resale or for use as a component part of or for the integration into cable services to be resold in the ordinary course of business, when the reseller is required to pay or collect franchise fees or similar fees on the resale of the cable service; (vii) revenues received by any affiliate or any other person in exchange for supplying goods or services used by the cable operator to provide cable service; and (viii) revenue derived from services classified as noncable services under federal law, including, without limitation, revenue derived from telecommunications services and information services, and any other revenues attributed by the cable operator to noncable services in accordance with rules, regulations, standards, or orders of the Federal Communications Commission. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.19
• Guarantor: A party who agrees to be responsible for the payment of another party's debts should that party default. ^{Source: OCC}
• Guardian: means a person appointed by the court who has the powers and duties set out in § 64. See Virginia Code 64.2-2000
• Guardian ad litem: means an attorney appointed by the court to represent the interests of the respondent and whose duties include evaluation of the petition for guardianship or conservatorship and filing a report with the court pursuant to § 64. See Virginia Code 64.2-2000
• Habeas corpus: A writ that is usually used to bring a prisoner before the court to determine the legality of his imprisonment. It may also be used to bring a person in custody before the court to give testimony, or to be prosecuted.
• HDA: means the Virginia Housing Development Authority created and established pursuant to § 36-55. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• HDA: means the Virginia Housing Development Authority created in Chapter 1. See Virginia Code 36-141
• Health care facility: means any institution, place, building, or agency required to be licensed under Virginia law, including but not limited to any hospital, nursing facility or nursing home, boarding home, assisted living facility, supervised living facility, or ambulatory medical and surgical center. See Virginia Code 15.2-2820
• Health care provider: means (i) a general hospital, ordinary hospital, outpatient surgical hospital, nursing home or certified nursing facility licensed or certified pursuant to Article 1 (§ 32. See Virginia Code 32.1-276.3
• Health care provider: means a health care provider as defined in § 8. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.4
• Health care provider: means any hospital, clinic, or other medical facility that provides forensic medical examinations to victims of sexual assault. See Virginia Code 19.2-11.5
• Health maintenance organization: means any person who undertakes to provide or to arrange for one or more health care plans pursuant to Chapter 43 of Title 38. See Virginia Code 32.1-276.3
• Health services plan: means any arrangement for offering or administering health services or similar or related services by a corporation licensed under Chapter 42 of Title 59. See Virginia Code 38.2-100
• Hearsay: Statements by a witness who did not see or hear the incident in question but heard about it from someone else. Hearsay is usually not admissible as evidence in court.
• Helmet: means a type of molded headgear equipped with a neck or chin strap specifically designed by the manufacturer to be used while engaged in the winter sport of alpine skiing or snowboarding. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• High school equivalency preparation program: means a program of preparation and instruction for adults who did not complete high school, and for youth who have been granted permission by the division superintendent of the school in which they are enrolled, to take a high school equivalency examination approved by the Board of Education. See Virginia Code 30-231.01
• High-demand field: means a discipline or field in which there is a shortage of skilled workers to fill current job vacancies or anticipated additional job openings. See Virginia Code 23.1-627.1
• Historic area: means an area containing one or more buildings or places in which historic events occurred or having special public value because of notable architectural, archaeological or other features relating to the cultural or artistic heritage of the community, of such significance as to warrant conservation and preservation. See Virginia Code 15.2-2201
• Holder: means a charitable corporation, charitable association, or charitable trust which has been declared exempt from taxation pursuant to 26 U. See Virginia Code 10.1-1009
• Holder: means the grantee of an environmental covenant as specified in subsection A of § 10. See Virginia Code 10.1-1238
• Home loan: means a real estate loan the security for which is a lien on real estate comprising a single-family dwelling or a dwelling unit for four or fewer families in the aggregate. See Virginia Code 6.2-1100
• Home state: means :

  1. See Virginia Code 6.2-836

• Home state: has the meaning assigned to it in § 6. See Virginia Code 6.2-849
• Home state: means (i) with respect to a federally chartered trust institution, the state where such institution maintains its principal office and (ii) with respect to any other trust institution, the state that chartered such institution. See Virginia Code 6.2-1065
• Home state regulator: means the bank supervisory agency with primary responsibility for chartering and supervising an out-of-state trust institution. See Virginia Code 6.2-1065
• Homestead exemption: means that exemption created by § 34-4. See Virginia Code 34-1
• Host locality: means any locality within the jurisdictional boundaries of which construction of a commercial solar project or an energy storage project is proposed. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.6
• Host state: means a state, other than the home state of a bank, in which the bank maintains, or seeks to establish and maintain, a branch. See Virginia Code 6.2-836
• Host state: has the meaning assigned to it in § 6. See Virginia Code 6.2-849
• Host state: means a state, other than the home state of a trust institution, in which the trust institution maintains or seeks to acquire or establish an office. See Virginia Code 6.2-1065
• Hotel: means any place offering to the public for compensation transitory lodging or sleeping accommodations, overnight or otherwise, including facilities known by varying nomenclatures or designations as hotels, motels, travel lodges, tourist homes, or hostels. See Virginia Code 35.1-1
• Householder: means any resident of Virginia. See Virginia Code 34-1
• Housing development costs: means the sum total of all costs incurred in the development of a housing development, which are approved by the HDA as reasonable and necessary, which costs shall include, but are not necessarily limited to: fair value of land owned by the sponsor, or cost of land acquisition and any buildings thereon, including payments for options, deposits, or contracts to purchase properties on the proposed housing site or payments for the purchase of such properties; cost of site preparation, demolition and development; architecture, engineering, legal, accounting, HDA, and other fees paid or payable in connection with the planning, execution and financing of the housing development; cost of necessary studies, surveys, plans and permits; insurance, interest; financing, tax and assessment costs and other operating and carrying costs during construction; cost of construction, rehabilitation, reconstruction, fixtures, furnishings, equipment, machinery and apparatus related to the real property; cost of land improvements, including without limitation, landscaping and off-site improvements, whether or not such costs have been paid in cash or in a form other than cash; necessary expenses in connection with initial occupancy of the housing development; a reasonable profit and risk fee in addition to job overhead to the general contractor and, if applicable, a limited profit housing sponsor; an allowance established by HDA for working capital and contingency reserves, and reserves for any anticipated operating deficits during the first two years of occupancy; in the case of an economically mixed project within a revitalization area designated in or pursuant to § 36-55. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Housing lender: means any bank or trust company, mortgage banker approved by the Federal National Mortgage Association, savings bank, national banking association, savings and loan association or building and loan association, mortgage broker, mortgage company, mortgage lender, life insurance company, credit union, agency or authority of the Commonwealth or any other state, or locality authorized to finance housing loans on properties located in or outside of the Commonwealth to persons and families of any income. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Housing revitalization zone: means an area declared by the Governor to be eligible for the benefits of this chapter. See Virginia Code 36-158
• Housing sponsor: means individuals, joint ventures, partnerships, limited partnerships, public bodies, trusts, firms, associations, or other legal entities or any combination thereof, corporations, cooperatives and condominiums, approved by HDA as qualified either to own, construct, acquire, rehabilitate, operate, manage or maintain a housing development whether nonprofit or organized for limited profit subject to the regulatory powers of HDA and other terms and conditions set forth in this chapter. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Housing sponsor: means individuals, joint ventures, partnerships, limited partnerships, public bodies, trusts, firms, associations, or other legal entities or any combination thereof, corporations, cooperatives and condominiums, approved by the Department of Housing and Community Development as qualified either to own, construct, acquire, rehabilitate, operate, manage or maintain a housing development, whether nonprofit or organized for limited profit subject to the regulatory powers of the Department of Housing and Community Development and other terms and conditions set forth in this chapter. See Virginia Code 36-141
• Housing unit: means any building, structure, or portion thereof, which is occupied as, or intended for occupancy as, a residence by one or more families. See Virginia Code 36-158
• HUD: means the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. See Virginia Code 36-85.3
• Human cloning: means the creation of or attempt to create a human being by transferring the nucleus from a human cell from whatever source into an oocyte from which the nucleus has been removed. See Virginia Code 32.1-162.21
• Human research: means any systematic investigation, including research development, testing and evaluation, utilizing human subjects, that is designed to develop or contribute to generalized knowledge. See Virginia Code 32.1-162.16
• Hundred year flood: means a flood of that level which on the average will have a one percent chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year at designated locations. See Virginia Code 10.1-600
• IEP: means a plan or program developed annually to ensure that a child who has a disability identified under the law and is attending an elementary or secondary educational institution receives specialized instruction and related services as provided by 20 U. See Virginia Code 64.2-2000
• Impact fee: means a charge or assessment imposed against new development in order to generate revenue to fund or recover the costs of reasonable road improvements benefiting the new development. See Virginia Code 15.2-2318
• Impact fee service area: means an area designated within the comprehensive plan of a locality having clearly defined boundaries and clearly related traffic needs and within which development is to be subject to the assessment of impact fees. See Virginia Code 15.2-2318
• Impeachment: (1) The process of calling something into question, as in "impeaching the testimony of a witness." (2) The constitutional process whereby the House of Representatives may "impeach" (accuse of misconduct) high officers of the federal government for trial in the Senate.
• Impound water: means to impound water for use in carrying out any part of the process necessary in the production or preparation of minerals. See Virginia Code 45.2-1300
• In forma pauperis: In the manner of a pauper. Permission given to a person to sue without payment of court fees on claim of indigence or poverty.
• In-home services: means adult day care, checking, chore, homemaker, personal care, and residential repair and renovation services. See Virginia Code 51.5-134
• Incapacitated person: means an adult who has been found by a court to be incapable of receiving and evaluating information effectively or responding to people, events, or environments to such an extent that the individual lacks the capacity to (i) meet the essential requirements for his health, care, safety, or therapeutic needs without the assistance or protection of a guardian or (ii) manage property or financial affairs or provide for his support or for the support of his legal dependents without the assistance or protection of a conservator. See Virginia Code 64.2-2000
• incarcerated: means confinement in a local or regional correctional facility, juvenile correctional center, state correctional facility, residential detention center, or facility operated pursuant to the Corrections Private Management Act (§ 53. See Virginia Code 8.01-195.10
• Incentive zoning: means the use of bonuses in the form of increased project density or other benefits to a developer in return for the developer providing certain features, design elements, uses, services, or amenities desired by the locality, including but not limited to, site design incorporating principles of new urbanism and traditional neighborhood development, environmentally sustainable and energy-efficient building design, affordable housing creation and preservation, and historical preservation, as part of the development. See Virginia Code 15.2-2201
• Independent: means having no material relationship with a benefit corporation or a subsidiary of the benefit corporation, either directly as a shareholder of the benefit corporation or as a partner, a member, or an owner of a subsidiary of the benefit corporation or indirectly as a director, an officer, an owner, or a manager of an entity that has a material relationship with the benefit corporation or a subsidiary of the benefit corporation. See Virginia Code 13.1-782
• Indictment: The formal charge issued by a grand jury stating that there is enough evidence that the defendant committed the crime to justify having a trial; it is used primarily for felonies.
• Indirect costs: means any costs identified with two or more services or other functions; and that are not directly identified with a single service or function. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.2
• Individual: means a natural person. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• individual: means a current direct recipient of public or private mental health, developmental, or substance abuse treatment, rehabilitation, or habilitation services and includes the terms "consumer" "patient" "resident" "recipient" or "client. See Virginia Code 64.2-2000
• Individual: means a natural person. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Industrialized building: means a combination of one or more sections or modules, subject to state regulations and including the necessary electrical, plumbing, heating, ventilating and other service systems, manufactured off-site and transported to the point of use for installation or erection, with or without other specified components, to comprise a finished building. See Virginia Code 36-71.1
• Industry-recognized: means demonstrating competency or proficiency in the technical and occupational skills identified as necessary for performing functions of an occupation based on standards developed or endorsed by employers and industry organizations. See Virginia Code 23.1-627.1
• Informed consent: means the knowing and voluntary agreement, without undue inducement or any element of force, fraud, deceit, duress, or other form of constraint or coercion, of a person who is capable of exercising free power of choice. See Virginia Code 32.1-162.16
• inhabitants: means with reference to any county, city, town, political subdivision of the Commonwealth or any combination thereof, the natural persons in such county, city, town, political subdivision or combination as shown by the unadjusted United States decennial census last preceding the time at which any provision dependent upon population is being applied or the time as of which it is being construed. See Virginia Code 1-235
• inherent risks of the winter sport: include :

  1. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11

• Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
• Innocent land owner: means a person who holds any title, security interest or any other interest in a brownfield site and who acquired ownership of the real property after the release of hazardous substances occurred. See Virginia Code 10.1-1230
• Inpatient hospital: means a hospital providing inpatient care and licensed pursuant to Article 1 (§ 32. See Virginia Code 32.1-276.3
• insolvency: means that (i) a credit union is incapable of meeting the current demands of creditors or (ii) the current value of a credit union's assets is less than the current value of the sum of its share accounts and liabilities. See Virginia Code 6.2-1313
• insolvency: means incapable of meeting the current demands of creditors or having liabilities which, in total, exceed the book value of assets. See Virginia Code 6.2-912
• Inspection warrant: means an order in writing, made in the name of the Commonwealth, signed by any judge or magistrate whose territorial jurisdiction encompasses the building, structure or premises to be inspected or entered, and directed to a state or local official, commanding him to enter and to conduct any inspection, examination, testing or collection of samples for testing required or authorized by the Virginia Statewide Fire Prevention Code. See Virginia Code 27-95
• institution: means any person or other entity, other than a public institution of higher education or any other entity authorized to issue bonds pursuant to Chapter 11 (§ 23. See Virginia Code 23.1-213
• Institution: means a public institution of higher education that has established a student loan fund from appropriations from the general fund of the state treasury for fellowships, scholarships, and loans. See Virginia Code 23.1-617
• Insurance company: means any company engaged in the business of making contracts of insurance. See Virginia Code 38.2-100
• insurance policies: shall include contracts of fidelity, indemnity, guaranty and suretyship. See Virginia Code 38.2-100
• Insured savings institution: means a savings institution whose accounts are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or other federal insurance agency. See Virginia Code 6.2-1100
• Insurer: means an insurance company. See Virginia Code 38.2-100
• Insuring organization: means an organization that provides aid and financial assistance to credit unions that are in the process of liquidation or are incurring financial difficulty in order that the share accounts in the credit unions shall be protected or guaranteed against loss up to a specified limit for each account, such as the National Credit Union Administration Share Insurance Fund, a corporation organized under Article 5 (§ 6. See Virginia Code 6.2-1300
• Intangible property: Property that has no intrinsic value, but is merely the evidence of value such as stock certificates, bonds, and promissory notes.
• Inter vivos: Transfer of property from one living person to another living person.
• Interactive on-demand services: means a service providing video programming to subscribers over switched networks on an on-demand, point-to-point basis, but does not include services providing video programming prescheduled by the programming provider. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.19
• Interest: means either or both of the following rights under the organic law of a foreign or domestic unincorporated entity:

  1. See Virginia Code 13.1-803

• Interest: means interest from the date the corporate action becomes effective until the date of payment, at the average rate currently paid by the corporation on its principal bank loans or, if none, at a rate that is fair and equitable under all the circumstances. See Virginia Code 13.1-729
• Interest: means either or both of the following rights under the organic law governing an unincorporated entity:

  1. See Virginia Code 13.1-603

• Interest holder: means a person who holds of record an interest. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Interest holder liability: means :

  1. See Virginia Code 13.1-603

• Interest rate: The amount paid by a borrower to a lender in exchange for the use of the lender's money for a certain period of time. Interest is paid on loans or on debt instruments, such as notes or bonds, either at regular intervals or as part of a lump sum payment when the issue matures. ^{Source: OCC}
• Interested person: means a person, or an affiliate of a person, who at any time during the one-year period immediately preceding approval by the board of directors of the corporate action:

  a. See Virginia Code 13.1-729

• Interested shares: means the shares of a public corporation the voting of which in an election of directors may be exercised or directed by any of the following persons: (i) an acquiring person with respect to a control share acquisition; (ii) any officer of such public corporation; or (iii) any employee of such public corporation who is also a director of the corporation. See Virginia Code 13.1-728.1
• Interested transaction: means a corporate action described in subsection A of § 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-729
• International banking facility: has the meaning assigned to it by the laws of the United States or the regulations of the Board of Governors for the Federal Reserve System. See Virginia Code 6.2-800
• Interrogatories: Written questions asked by one party of an opposing party, who must answer them in writing under oath; a discovery device in a lawsuit.
• Interstate merger transaction: means :

  1. See Virginia Code 6.2-849

• Intestate: Dying without leaving a will.
• Intoxicated: means a condition in which a person has drunk enough alcoholic beverages to observably affect his manner, disposition, speech, muscular movement, general appearance, or behavior. See Virginia Code 4.1-100
• Investigation: means any inquiry conducted by an investigator for the purpose of ascertaining whether any person is or has been engaged in any violation of this article. See Virginia Code 8.01-216.2
• Irrevocable trust: A trust arrangement that cannot be revoked, rescinded, or repealed by the grantor.
• issuer: means the person or persons performing the acts and assuming the duties of manager;

  2. See Virginia Code 13.1-501

• Joint account: means an account payable on request to one or more of two or more parties whether or not mention is made of any right of survivorship. See Virginia Code 6.2-604
• Joint activity: means a governmental function which is carried out by, performed on behalf of, or contracted for two or more localities within a region and includes present and future activities. See Virginia Code 15.2-1307
• Joint committee: Committees including membership from both houses of teh legislature. Joint committees are usually established with narrow jurisdictions and normally lack authority to report legislation.
• Joint resolution: A legislative measure which requires the approval of both chambers.
• Judge: means a justice of the Supreme Court, judge of the Court of Appeals, judge of a circuit or district court, member of the State Corporation Commission, or a member of the Virginia Workers' Compensation Commission and includes (i) persons who have been elected or appointed to be judges but have not taken the oath of office as judge as well as persons who have taken such oath, (ii) judges designated under § 17. See Virginia Code 17.1-900
• Jurisdiction of formation: means the state or country the law of which includes the organic law governing a domestic or foreign corporation or eligible entity. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Jurisdiction of formation: means the state or country the law of which includes the organic law governing a domestic or foreign corporation or eligible entity. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Juror: A person who is on the jury.
• Key cutting: means making duplicate keys from an existing key and includes no other locksmith services. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Kinetic impact munitions: includes impact rounds and baton rounds, such as rubber batons, bean bag rounds, foam baton rounds, and plastic, wax, wood, or rubber-coated projectiles. See Virginia Code 19.2-83.3
• Laboring person: means any person who receives wages for his services. See Virginia Code 34-1
• Land: means real estate and all rights and appurtenances thereto, together with the structures and other improvements thereon, and any right, title, interest, estate or claim in or to real estate. See Virginia Code 25.1-100
• Land development: means the process of acquiring land for residential housing construction, and of making, installing, or constructing nonresidential housing improvements, including, without limitation, waterlines and water supply installations, sewer lines and sewage disposal and treatment installations, steam, gas and electric lines and installations, roads, streets, curbs, gutters, sidewalks, storm drainage facilities, other related pollution control facilities, and other installations or works, whether on or off the site, which HDA deems necessary or desirable to prepare such land primarily for residential housing construction within the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Law-enforcement agency: means any crime victim and witness assistance program whose funding is provided in whole or in part by grants administered by the Department of Criminal Justice Services pursuant to § 9. See Virginia Code 2.2-438
• Law-enforcement agency: means the state or local law-enforcement agency with the primary responsibility for investigating an alleged sexual assault offense case and includes the employees of that agency. See Virginia Code 19.2-11.5
• Law-enforcement officer: means any full-time or part-time employee of a police department or sheriff's office which is a part of or administered by the Commonwealth or any political subdivision thereof, or any full-time or part-time employee of a private police department, and who is responsible for the prevention and detection of crime and the enforcement of the penal, traffic or highway laws of the Commonwealth, and shall include any (i) special agent of the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Authority; (ii) police agent appointed under the provisions of § 56-353; (iii) officer of the Virginia Marine Police; (iv) conservation police officer who is a full-time sworn member of the enforcement division of the Department of Wildlife Resources; (v) investigator who is a sworn member of the security division of the Virginia Lottery; (vi) conservation officer of the Department of Conservation and Recreation commissioned pursuant to § 10. See Virginia Code 9.1-101
• Lawsuit: A legal action started by a plaintiff against a defendant based on a complaint that the defendant failed to perform a legal duty, resulting in harm to the plaintiff.
• Lead locality: means the locality in which the tourism improvement district plan is filed for the establishment of a tourism improvement district where such district includes more than one locality. See Virginia Code 15.2-2413.1
• Lead locality: means the locality in which the business improvement and recruitment district plan is filed for the establishment of a business improvement and recruitment district where such district includes more than one locality. See Virginia Code 15.2-2413.12
• Legacy: A gift of property made by will.
• Legally authorized representative: means , in the following specified order of priority, (i) the parent or parents having custody of a prospective subject who is a minor, (ii) the agent appointed under an advance directive, as defined in § 54. See Virginia Code 32.1-162.16
• Legislative branch employee: means (i) a General Assembly member; (ii) a General Assembly member's legislative assistant or other legislative staff compensated in whole, or in part, with state appropriations, working full-time for the member; and (iii) all other full-time employees of each legislative branch agency of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 30-129.4
• Legislative session: That part of a chamber's daily session in which it considers legislative business (bills, resolutions, and actions related thereto).
• Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity.
• Liability: means the obligation to pay a judgment, settlement, penalty, fine, including any excise tax assessed with respect to an employee benefit plan, or expenses incurred with respect to a proceeding. See Virginia Code 13.1-696
• Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
• Life estate: A property interest limited in duration to the life of the individual holding the interest (life tenant).
• Limited conservator: means a person appointed by the court who has only those responsibilities for managing the estate and financial affairs of an incapacitated person as specified in the order of appointment. See Virginia Code 64.2-2000
• Limited guardian: means a person appointed by the court who has only those responsibilities for the personal affairs of an incapacitated person as specified in the order of appointment. See Virginia Code 64.2-2000
• Liquid assets: means (i) cash on hand; (ii) cash on deposit in Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Reserve Banks, savings institutions, or in commercial banks that is withdrawable upon not more than 30 days' notice and that is not pledged as security for indebtedness; (iii) the liquid asset fund of the United States League of Saving Institutions; (iv) obligations of, or obligations that are fully guaranteed as to principal and interest by, the United States; or (v) any other asset that the Commissioner designates as a liquid asset. See Virginia Code 6.2-1100
• Loan: means a loan or forbearance of money. See Virginia Code 6.2-300
• Loan servicer: means any person who, on behalf of a housing lender, collects or receives payments, including payments of principal, interest, escrow amounts, and other amounts due, on obligations due and owing to the housing lender pursuant to a residential mortgage loan or who, when the borrower is in default or in foreseeable likelihood of default, works on behalf of the housing lender with the borrower to modify or refinance, either temporarily or permanently, the obligations in order to avoid foreclosure or otherwise to finalize collection through the foreclosure process. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Local board: means a local board of social services established pursuant to Article 1 (§ 63. See Virginia Code 51.5-116
• Local department: means the local department of social services of any county or city in the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 2.2-438
• Local department: means a local department of social services established pursuant to Article 2 (§ 63. See Virginia Code 51.5-116
• Local director: means a local director of social services appointed pursuant to § 63. See Virginia Code 51.5-116
• local electoral board: means a board appointed pursuant to § 24. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Local government: means any county, city, town, municipal corporation, authority, district, commission, or political subdivision created by the General Assembly or pursuant to the Constitution or laws of the Commonwealth, or any combination of any two or more of the foregoing. See Virginia Code 10.1-603.16
• Local government: means any county, city, town, municipal corporation, authority, district, commission, or political subdivision created by the General Assembly or pursuant to the Constitution or laws of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 15.2-2419
• Local government: means any county, city, town, municipal corporation, authority, district, commission, or political subdivision of the Commonwealth created by the General Assembly or otherwise created pursuant to the laws of the Commonwealth or any combination of the foregoing. See Virginia Code 36-156.1
• Local government: means any county, city, town, municipal corporation, authority, district, commission, or political subdivision created by the General Assembly or pursuant to the Constitution or laws of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 15.2-2430
• Local government: means any county, city, town, municipal corporation, authority, district, commission, or political subdivision of the Commonwealth created by the General Assembly or otherwise created pursuant to the laws of the Commonwealth or any combination of the foregoing. See Virginia Code 10.1-1230
• Local government: means the governing body of any city, county or town in this Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 27-95
• Local planning commission: means a municipal planning commission or a county planning commission. See Virginia Code 15.2-2201
• Locality: means any county, city, or town in the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 15.2-2413.1
• Locality: means a county, city, or town. See Virginia Code 10.1-600
• Locality: means any county, city, or town in the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 15.2-2413.12
• Locality: means a county, city or town. See Virginia Code 10.1-500
• locality: means any county, city or town in the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 36-152
• Locality: means all counties, cities and towns within a regional partnership. See Virginia Code 15.2-1307
• Locksmith: means any individual that performs locksmith services, or advertises or represents to the general public that the individual is a locksmith even if the specific term locksmith is substituted with any other term by which a reasonable person could construe that the individual possesses special skills relating to locks or locking devices, including use of the words lock technician, lockman, safe technician, safeman, boxman, unlocking technician, lock installer, lock opener, physical security technician or similar descriptions. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Long-term care: means any service, care, or item, including a disease prevention and health promotion service, an in-home service, and a case management service that is (i) intended to assist individuals in coping with, and to the extent practicable in compensating for, a functional impairment in carrying out activities of daily living; (ii) furnished at home, in a community care setting, or in a long-term care facility; and (iii) not furnished to prevent, diagnose, treat, or cure a medical disease or condition. See Virginia Code 51.5-134
• Lost profits: means a loss of profits or expected profits suffered by a business or farm operation as a result of a taking or damaging of the property on which the business or farm operation is operated for a period not to exceed three years from the later of (i) the date of valuation or (ii) the date the state agency or its contractor prevents the owner from using the land or any of the owner's other property rights are taken. See Virginia Code 25.1-100
• Lost shareholder: means a shareholder shown by the records of a corporation to have been a shareholder for more than seven years but who, throughout that period, neither claimed a dividend or other sum nor corresponded in writing with the corporation or otherwise indicated an interest as evidenced by a memorandum or other record on file with the corporation and the corporation does not know the location of the shareholder at the end of such seven-year period. See Virginia Code 13.1-776
• Main office: means the office where a savings institution first commences to do business or, if the savings institution has more than one office, the office designated by the institution's board of directors as the institution's main office. See Virginia Code 6.2-1100
• Main Street District: means a physical setting that includes a commercial area focusing on economic development through locally owned businesses and structures that would benefit from rehabilitation. See Virginia Code 15.2-2413.12
• Majority share of benefited businesses: means one or more benefited businesses within a tourism improvement district or proposed tourism improvement district that cumulatively comprise a majority, based on the weighting methodology set forth in the tourism improvement district plan. See Virginia Code 15.2-2413.1
• Majority share of benefited businesses: means one or more benefited businesses within a business improvement and recruitment district or proposed business improvement and recruitment district that cumulatively comprise a simple majority. See Virginia Code 15.2-2413.12
• Manufactured building: means a manufactured home or other structure designed for use as a dwelling or business facility that is manufactured and assembled at a location other than the site where such manufactured home or other structure is placed for use as a dwelling or business facility, or both. See Virginia Code 6.2-1100
• Manufactured home: means a structure subject to federal regulation, which is transportable in one or more sections; is eight body feet or more in width and forty body feet or more in length in the traveling mode, or is 320 or more square feet when erected on site; is built on a permanent chassis; is designed to be used as a single-family dwelling, with or without a permanent foundation, when connected to the required utilities; and includes the plumbing, heating, air-conditioning, and electrical systems contained in the structure. See Virginia Code 36-85.3
• Manufactured home construction: means all activities relating to the assembly and manufacture of a manufactured home including but not limited to those relating to durability, quality, and safety. See Virginia Code 36-85.3
• Marcus alert system: means the same as that term is defined in § 37. See Virginia Code 9.1-193
• Material: means having a natural tendency to influence, or be capable of influencing, the payment or receipt of money or property. See Virginia Code 8.01-216.2
• Material: means all or any part of any archaeological, paleontological, biological, or historical item including, but not limited to, any petroglyph, pictograph, basketry, human remains, tool, beads, pottery, projectile point, remains of historical mining activity or any other occupation found in any cave. See Virginia Code 10.1-1000
• Medical care facility: means any institution, place, building, or agency, whether or not licensed or required to be licensed by the Board or the Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services, whether operated for profit or nonprofit, and whether privately owned or privately operated or owned or operated by a local governmental unit, (i) by or in which health services are furnished, conducted, operated, or offered for the prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of human disease, pain, injury, deformity, or physical condition, whether medical or surgical, of two or more nonrelated persons who are injured or physically sick or have mental illness, or for the care of two or more nonrelated persons requiring or receiving medical, surgical, nursing, acute, chronic, convalescent, or long-term care services, or services for individuals with disabilities, or (ii) which is the recipient of reimbursements from third-party health insurance programs or prepaid medical service plans. See Virginia Code 32.1-3
• Medicare: means the "Health Insurance for the Aged Act" Title XVIII of the Social Security Amendment of 1965, as amended. See Virginia Code 38.2-100
• MEI project: means the same as that term is defined in § 2. See Virginia Code 30-309
• Member: includes such persons with a joint and survivorship or other multiple owner or borrower relationship, which persons shall constitute a single membership for purposes of this chapter. See Virginia Code 6.2-1100
• Member: means one having a membership interest in a corporation in accordance with the provisions of its articles of incorporation or bylaws. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Member: means an individual who has been accepted for membership in, and owns a membership share issued by, a worker cooperative. See Virginia Code 13.1-346
• member of the council: means a member of the governing body of a city or town. See Virginia Code 15.2-102
• Membership: means the rights of a member in a domestic or foreign nonstock corporation or limited liability company. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Membership fee: means an initial payment, if required by the articles of incorporation or bylaws of the worker cooperative, made by a worker to a worker cooperative as a condition of becoming a member. See Virginia Code 13.1-346
• Membership interest: means the interest of a member in a domestic or foreign corporation, including voting and all other rights associated with membership. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Mental illness: means a disorder of thought, mood, emotion, perception, or orientation that significantly impairs judgment, behavior, capacity to recognize reality, or ability to address basic life necessities and requires care and treatment for the health, safety, or recovery of the individual or for the safety of others. See Virginia Code 64.2-2000
• Merger: means a business combination pursuant to § 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-715.1
• Merger: means a business combination pursuant to § 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-893.1
• Merger: means a transaction pursuant to § 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Military installation: means a base, camp, post, station, yard, center, homeport facility for any ship, or other activity under jurisdiction of the U. See Virginia Code 15.2-2201
• Military status: means status as (i) a member of the uniformed forces, as defined in 10 U. See Virginia Code 15.2-1500.1
• Military-overseas ballot: means :

  a. See Virginia Code 24.2-452

• Mineral: means ore, rock, and any other solid homogeneous crystalline chemical element or compound that results from the inorganic processes of nature other than coal. See Virginia Code 45.2-1200
• Minimal risk: means that the risks of harm anticipated in the proposed research are not greater, considering probability and magnitude, than those ordinarily encountered in daily life or during the performance of routine physical or psychological examinations or tests. See Virginia Code 32.1-162.16
• Mining: means the breaking or disturbing of the surface soil or rock in order to facilitate or accomplish the extraction or removal of minerals or any activity constituting all or part of a process for the extraction or removal of minerals so as to make them suitable for commercial, industrial, or construction use. See Virginia Code 45.2-1200
• Minority leader: See Floor Leaders
• Mistrial: An invalid trial, caused by fundamental error. When a mistrial is declared, the trial must start again from the selection of the jury.
• Mixed use development: means property that incorporates two or more different uses, and may include a variety of housing types, within a single development. See Virginia Code 15.2-2201
• Mobile crisis response: means the same as that term is defined in § 37. See Virginia Code 9.1-193
• Month: means a calendar month and "year" means a calendar year. See Virginia Code 1-223
• Mortgage: means a mortgage deed, deed of trust, or other security instrument which shall constitute a lien in the Commonwealth on improvements and real property in fee simple, on a leasehold under a lease having a remaining term, which at the time such mortgage is acquired does not expire for at least that number of years beyond the maturity date of the interest-bearing obligation secured by such mortgage as is equal to the number of years remaining until the maturity date of such obligation or on personal property, contract rights or other assets. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
• Mortgage lender: means any bank or trust company, mortgage banker approved by the Federal National Mortgage Association, savings bank, national banking association, savings and loan association, or building and loan association, life insurance company, the federal government or other financial institutions or government agencies which are authorized to and customarily provide service or otherwise aid in the financing of mortgages on residential housing located in the Commonwealth for persons and families of low or moderate income. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Mortgage loan: means an interest-bearing obligation secured by a mortgage. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Mortgage loan: A loan made by a lender to a borrower for the financing of real property. ^{Source: OCC}
• Mortgagee: The person to whom property is mortgaged and who has loaned the money.
• Mortgagor: The person who pledges property to a creditor as collateral for a loan and who receives the money.
• Multifamily residential housing: means residential housing other than single-family residential housing, as hereinafter defined. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Multiple-fiduciary account: means a fiduciary account where more than one fiduciary is authorized to act. See Virginia Code 6.2-604
• Multiple-party account: means any of the following types of account: (i) a joint account, (ii) a P. See Virginia Code 6.2-604
• Municipality: means any city, town, county, or other political subdivision of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Mutual association: means an association that is organized and operated exclusively for the benefit of its members and that does not issue shares of capital stock. See Virginia Code 6.2-1100
• Mutual savings institution: means a savings institution that is organized and operated exclusively for the benefit of its members and that does not issue shares of capital stock. See Virginia Code 6.2-1100
• National Bank: A bank that is subject to the supervision of the Comptroller of the Currency. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency is a bureau of the U.S. Treasury Department. A national bank can be recognized because it must have "national" or "national association" in its name. ^{Source: OCC}
• National Credit Union Administration: The federal regulatory agency that charters and supervises federal credit unions. (NCUA also administers the National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund, which insures the deposits of federal credit unions.) ^{Source: OCC}
• National flood insurance program: means the program established by the United States Congress under provisions of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968, as amended, and as expanded in the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973, designed to provide flood insurance at rates made affordable through federal subsidy. See Virginia Code 10.1-600
• Natural person: means an individual person. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Neck restraint: means the use of any body part or object to attempt to control or disable a person by applying pressure against the neck, including the trachea or carotid artery, with the purpose, intent, or effect of controlling or restricting the person's movement or restricting the person's blood flow or breathing, including chokeholds, carotid restraints, and lateral vascular neck restraints. See Virginia Code 19.2-83.3
• Neurotrauma: means an injury to the central nervous system, that is, a traumatic spinal cord or brain injury which results in loss of physical and cognitive functions. See Virginia Code 51.5-178
• New interest holder liability: means interest holder liability of a person, resulting from a merger or share exchange, that is (i) in respect of an entity which is different from the entity in which the person held shares or eligible interests immediately before the merger or share exchange became effective or (ii) in respect of the same entity as the one in which the person held shares or eligible interests immediately before the merger or share exchange became effective if (a) the person did not have interest holder liability immediately before the merger or share exchange became effective or (b) the person had interest holder liability immediately before the merger or share exchange became effective, the terms and conditions of which were changed when the merger or share exchange became effective. See Virginia Code 13.1-715.1
• New residential development: means any construction or building expansion on residentially zoned property, including a residential component of a mixed-use development, that results in either one or more additional residential dwelling units or, otherwise, fewer residential dwelling units, beyond what may be permitted by right under the then-existing zoning of the property, when such new residential development requires a rezoning or proffer condition amendment. See Virginia Code 15.2-2303.4
• New residential use: means any use of residentially zoned property that requires a rezoning or that requires a proffer condition amendment to allow for new residential development. See Virginia Code 15.2-2303.4
• New structure: means a wireless support structure that has not been installed or constructed, or approved for installation or construction, at the time a wireless services provider or wireless infrastructure provider applies to a locality for any required zoning approval. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.3
• New trust office: means a trust office located in a host state that (i) is originally established by the trust institution as a trust office and (ii) does not become a trust office of the trust institution as a result of (a) the acquisition of another trust institution or trust office of another trust institution or (b) a merger, consolidation, or conversion involving any such trust institution or trust office. See Virginia Code 6.2-1065
• Nolo contendere: No contest-has the same effect as a plea of guilty, as far as the criminal sentence is concerned, but may not be considered as an admission of guilt for any other purpose.
• Nominee: means any nonprofit corporation familiar with work for the blind and in the placement of the blind. See Virginia Code 51.5-60
• Non-college degree school: includes academic-vocational non-college degree schools and vocational non-college degree schools. See Virginia Code 23.1-213
• Noncredit workforce credential: means a competency-based, industry-recognized, portable, and third-party-validated certification or occupational license in a high-demand field. See Virginia Code 23.1-627.1
• Noncredit workforce training program: means a program at an eligible institution that leads to an occupation or a cluster of occupations in a high-demand field, which program may include the attainment of a noncredit workforce credential. See Virginia Code 23.1-627.1
• Nonhousing building: means a building or portion thereof and any related improvements and facilities used or to be used for manufacturing, industrial, commercial, governmental, educational, entertainment, community development, health care, or nonprofit enterprises or undertakings other than residential housing. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Nonprofit entity: means (i) a foreign or domestic nonstock corporation licensed and subject to regulation under Chapter 42 of Title 38. See Virginia Code 32.1-373
• Nonprofit organization: means a nonprofit, tax-exempt health data organization with the characteristics, expertise, and capacity to execute the powers and duties set forth for such entity in this chapter. See Virginia Code 32.1-276.3
• Nonprofit private institution of higher education: means any postsecondary school, as that term is defined in § 23. See Virginia Code 23.1-100
• Nontherapeutic research: means human research in which there is no reasonable expectation of direct benefit to the physical or mental condition of the human subject. See Virginia Code 32.1-162.16
• Notary: means notary public. See Virginia Code 1-226
• Nucleus: means the cell structure that houses the chromosomes and, thus, the genes. See Virginia Code 32.1-162.21
• Nutrition services: means congregate and home-delivered nutrition services. See Virginia Code 51.5-134
• Object of antiquity: means any relic, artifact, remain, including human skeletal remains, specimen, or other archaeological article that may be found on, in, or below the surface of the earth that has historic, scientific, archaeologic, or educational value. See Virginia Code 10.1-2300
• Obligation: means an established duty, whether or not fixed, arising from (i) an express or implied contractual, grantor-grantee, or licensor-licensee relationship; (ii) a fee-based or similar relationship; (iii) a statute or regulation; or (iv) the retention of any overpayment. See Virginia Code 8.01-216.2
• Office: means the Office of the Children's Ombudsman established under § 2. See Virginia Code 2.2-438
• officer: includes , unless the context requires otherwise, the estate or personal representative of a director or officer. See Virginia Code 13.1-696
• Officer of election: means a person appointed by an electoral board pursuant to § 24. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Official capacity: means (i) when used with respect to a director, the office of director in a corporation and (ii) when used with respect to an officer, as contemplated in § 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-696
• Official map: means a map of legally established and proposed public streets, waterways, and public areas adopted by a locality in accordance with the provisions of Article 4 (§ 15. See Virginia Code 15.2-2201
• official publication: includes any registry or listing of licenses, permits, or registrations posted on the official website of an agency or political subdivision. See Virginia Code 8.01-385
• Official use: means any use that is consistent with the law, regulations, and policies of the Commonwealth, including use in connection with (i) internal memoranda and reports of the Office of the Attorney General; (ii) communications between the Office of the Attorney General and a federal, state, or local government agency, or a contractor of a federal, state, or local government agency, undertaken in furtherance of an Office of the Attorney General investigation or prosecution of a case; (iii) interviews of any qui tam relator or other witness; (iv) oral examinations; (v) depositions; (vi) the preparation for and response to civil discovery requests; (vii) the introduction into the record of a case or proceeding; (viii) applications, motions, memoranda, and briefs submitted to a court or other tribunal; and (ix) communications with government investigators, auditors, consultants, experts, the counsel of other parties, arbitrators, and mediators, concerning an investigation, case, or proceeding. See Virginia Code 8.01-216.2
• Offsite proffer: means a proffer addressing an impact outside the boundaries of the property to be developed and shall include all cash proffers. See Virginia Code 15.2-2303.4
• Ombudsman: means the individual appointed to head the Office of the Children's Ombudsman under § 2. See Virginia Code 2.2-438
• Oocyte: means the ovum or egg. See Virginia Code 32.1-162.21
• Open-end credit: A credit agreement (typically a credit card) that allows a customer to borrow against a preapproved credit line when purchasing goods and services. The borrower is only billed for the amount that is actually borrowed plus any interest due. (Also called a charge account or revolving credit.) ^{Source: OCC}
• open-end credit plan: means consumer credit extended by a creditor under a plan in which: (i) the creditor reasonably contemplates repeated transactions; (ii) the creditor may impose a finance charge from time to time on an outstanding unpaid balance; and (iii) the amount of credit that may be extended to the consumer during the term of the plan, up to any limit set by the creditor, is generally made available to the extent that any outstanding balance is repaid. See Virginia Code 6.2-300
• Open-space land: means any land which is provided or preserved for (i) park or recreational purposes, (ii) conservation of land or other natural resources, (iii) historic or scenic purposes, (iv) assisting in the shaping of the character, direction, and timing of community development, (v) wetlands as defined in § 28. See Virginia Code 10.1-1700
• Operating plan: means a plan that establishes the policies and procedures a private trust company will have in effect when the institution opens for business and thereafter (i) to ensure that trust accounts are handled in accordance with recognized standards of fiduciary conduct and (ii) to assure compliance with applicable laws and regulations. See Virginia Code 6.2-1074
• Operator: means any individual, corporation or corporation officer, firm, joint venture, partnership, business trust, association, or any other group or combination acting as a unit, or any legal entity that is engaged in mining. See Virginia Code 45.2-1200
• Oral and maxillofacial surgeon: means , for the purposes of this chapter, a person who is licensed to practice dentistry in Virginia, registered with the Board of Dentistry as an oral and maxillofacial surgeon, and certified to perform certain procedures pursuant to § 54. See Virginia Code 32.1-276.3
• Oral argument: An opportunity for lawyers to summarize their position before the court and also to answer the judges' questions.
• Ordinance: includes a resolution. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.19
• Organic document: means the document, if any, that is filed of public record to create an unincorporated entity. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Organic law: means the statute governing the internal affairs of a domestic or foreign corporation or eligible entity. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Organic law: means the statute governing the internal affairs of a domestic or foreign corporation or eligible entity. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Organic rules: means the public organic record and private organic rules of a domestic or foreign corporation or eligible entity. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Original bill: A bill which is drafted by a committee. It is introduced by the committee or subcommittee chairman after the committee votes to report it.
• Orphaned lands: means lands disturbed by surface mining of minerals, other than coal operations, that were not required by law to be reclaimed or that have not been reclaimed. See Virginia Code 45.2-1200
• Out-of-state bank: means a bank whose home state is a state other than the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 6.2-836
• Out-of-state bank: has the meaning assigned to it in § 6. See Virginia Code 6.2-849
• Out-of-state savings institution: means a savings institution that:

  1. See Virginia Code 6.2-1148

• Out-of-state state bank: means a bank chartered under the laws of any state other than the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 6.2-836
• Out-of-state state bank: has the meaning assigned to it in § 6. See Virginia Code 6.2-849
• Out-of-state trust institution: means a trust institution whose home state is a state other than the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 6.2-1065
• Outpatient surgery: means all surgical procedures performed on an outpatient basis in a general hospital, ordinary hospital, outpatient surgical hospital or other facility licensed or certified pursuant to Article 1 (§ 32. See Virginia Code 32.1-276.3
• Over-issuance of shares: means the purported issuance of:

  1. See Virginia Code 13.1-614.1

• Overseas voter: means a United States citizen who is outside the United States. See Virginia Code 24.2-452
• Oversight: Committee review of the activities of a Federal agency or program.
• Owner: means a person who owns title to land where a cave is located, including a person who owns title to a leasehold estate in such land, and including the Commonwealth and any of its agencies, departments, boards, bureaus, commissions, or authorities, as well as counties, municipalities, and other political subdivisions of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 10.1-1000
• Owner: means any person who owns property, provided that the person's ownership of the property is of record in the land records of the clerk's office of the circuit court of the county or city where the property is located. See Virginia Code 25.1-100
• Owning bank: means a bank owning 10 percent or more of the shares of a trust subsidiary. See Virginia Code 6.2-1047
• Partial disability: means a disability that exists during the first 24 months following the occurrence or commencement of an illness or injury when an employee is earning less than 80 percent of his predisability earnings and, as a result of an injury or illness, is (i) able to perform one or more, but not all, of the essential job functions of his own job on an active employment or a part-time basis; or (ii) able to perform all of the essential job functions of his own job only on a part-time basis. See Virginia Code 51.1-1150
• Participating employee: means any eligible employee required or electing to participate in the program. See Virginia Code 51.1-1100
• Participating employee: means any eligible employee required to participate in the program. See Virginia Code 51.1-1150
• participating in a winter sport: means :

  1. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11

• Partisan public office: means (i) an elective or appointive office in the executive or legislative branch or in an independent establishment of the federal government; (ii) an elective office in the executive or legislative branch of the government of the Commonwealth, or an office that is filled by appointment and is exempt from the Virginia Personnel Act (§ 2. See Virginia Code 30-391
• Partnership: means the Virginia Economic Development Partnership. See Virginia Code 10.1-1230
• Party: means an individual who was, is, or is threatened to be made a defendant or respondent in a proceeding. See Virginia Code 13.1-696
• Party: means a person who, by the terms of the account, has a present right, subject to request, to payment from a multiple-party account, including a fiduciary account. See Virginia Code 6.2-604
• Party to a merger: means any domestic or foreign corporation or eligible entity that will merge under a plan of merger. See Virginia Code 13.1-715.1
• Party to a merger: means any domestic or foreign corporation or eligible entity that will merge under a plan of merger. See Virginia Code 13.1-893.1
• Party to a share exchange: means any domestic or foreign corporation or eligible entity that is an acquired entity or an acquiring entity under a plan of share exchange. See Virginia Code 13.1-715.1
• Passenger: means any individual, including a winter sports participant, while being transported or conveyed by a passenger tramway, while waiting in the immediate vicinity for such transportation or conveyance, while moving away from the disembarkation or unloading point of a passenger tramway to clear the way for the following passengers, or while boarding or embarking upon or unloading or disembarking from a passenger tramway. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Passenger tramway: means any ski lift, chairlift, gondola, tramway, cable car, or other aerial lift and any rope tow, conveyor, t-bar, j-bar, handle tow, or other surface lift used by an operator to transport participants, spectators, observers, or pedestrians at a winter sports area, and any associated components including, but not limited to, lift towers, concrete tower foundations, tower bolts, tower ladders, lift terminals, chairs, gondolas, t-bars, j-bars, conveyors, and other structures relating to passenger tramways. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Patronage: means the amount of work performed for a worker cooperative, measured in accordance with criteria set forth in the articles of incorporation or bylaws of the worker cooperative. See Virginia Code 13.1-346
• Period of sale: means the time during which a purchase under an agreement is entitled to receive the Foundation Allocation. See Virginia Code 32.1-354
• Permissible fireworks: means any fountains that do not emit sparks or other burning effects to a distance greater than five meters (16. See Virginia Code 27-95
• Person: includes any natural person, corporation, firm, association, organization, partnership, limited liability company, business or trust. See Virginia Code 8.01-216.2
• Person: means an individual, corporation, partnership, or association or any other legal entity. See Virginia Code 32.1-3
• Person: means any individual, corporation, partnership, association, cooperative, limited liability company, trust, joint venture, government, political subdivision, or any other legal or commercial entity and any successor, representative, agent, agency, or instrumentality thereof. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Person: means any employee or agent of the Commonwealth or a political subdivision thereof, and any individual, partnership, association, joint stock company, trust or corporation;

  "Readily accessible to the general public" means, with respect to a radio communication, that such communication is not (i) scrambled or encrypted; (ii) transmitted using modulation techniques whose essential parameters have been withheld from the public with the intention of preserving the privacy of such communication; (iii) carried on a subcarrier or other signal subsidiary to a radio transmission; (iv) transmitted over a communication system provided by a communications common carrier, unless the communication is a tone-only paging system communication; or (v) transmitted on frequencies allocated under Part 25, subpart D, E, or F of Part 74, or Part 94 of the Rules of the Federal Communications Commission, unless, in the case of a communication transmitted on a frequency allocated under Part 74 that is not exclusively allocated to broadcast auxiliary services, the communication is a two-way voice communication by radio;

  "Remote computing service" means the provision to the public of computer storage or processing services by means of an electronic communications system;

  "Trap and trace device" means a device or process that captures the incoming electronic or other impulses that identify the originating number or other dialing, routing, addressing and signaling information reasonably likely to identify the source of a wire or electronic communication; however, such information shall not include the contents of any communication;

  "User" means any person or entity who uses an electronic communication service and is duly authorized by the provider of such service to engage in such use;

  "Wire communication" means any aural transfer made in whole or in part through the use of facilities for the transmission of communications by the aid of wire, cable, or other like connection, including the use of such connection in a switching station, furnished or operated by any person engaged in providing or operating such facilities for the transmission of communications. See Virginia Code 19.2-61

• Person: means any association, aggregate of individuals, business, company, corporation, individual, joint-stock company, Lloyds type of organization, organization, partnership, receiver, reciprocal or interinsurance exchange, trustee or society. See Virginia Code 38.2-100
• Person: means any individual, partnership, firm, association, trust, or corporation or other legal entity. See Virginia Code 10.1-1000
• Person: means an individual, corporation, partnership, association, governmental body, municipal corporation, public service authority, or any other legal entity. See Virginia Code 10.1-1230
• Person: means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, public corporation, government, governmental subdivision, agency or instrumentality, or any other legal or commercial entity. See Virginia Code 10.1-1238
• Person: means any individual; firm; cooperative; association; corporation; limited liability company; trust; business trust; syndicate; partnership; limited liability partnership; joint venture; receiver; trustee in bankruptcy or any other person acting in a fiduciary or representative capacity, whether appointed by a court or otherwise; club, society or other group or combination acting as a unit; the Commonwealth or any department, agency or instrumentality thereof; any city, county, town, or other political subdivision or any department, agency or instrumentality thereof; or any interstate body to which the Commonwealth is a party. See Virginia Code 25.1-100
• Person: means any natural individual, partnership, association, corporation, or other legal entity. See Virginia Code 10.1-2300
• Person: means an individual, corporation, partnership, association, or any other legal entity. See Virginia Code 35.1-1
• Person: includes an individual and an entity. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Person: includes an associate of any person. See Virginia Code 13.1-728.1
• Person: includes an individual and an entity. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• person under a disability: as used in this article shall have the meanings ascribed to them in § 8. See Virginia Code 8.01-67
• Person under disability: includes a person less than 18 years of age. See Virginia Code 1-232
• Person with a disability: means a person with a disability as defined by the Virginians with Disabilities Act (§ 51. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• personal action: shall include an action wherein a judgment for money is sought, whether for damages to person or property. See Virginia Code 8.01-228
• Personal estate: includes chattels real and such other estate as, upon the death of the owner intestate, would devolve upon his personal representative. See Virginia Code 1-233
• Personal protection specialist: means any individual who engages in the duties of providing close protection from bodily harm to any person. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Persons and families of low and moderate income: means persons and families, irrespective of race, creed, national origin, sex, sexual orientation, or gender identity, determined by the HDA to require such assistance as is made available by this chapter on account of insufficient personal or family income taking into consideration, without limitation, such factors as follows: (i) the amount of the total income of such persons and families available for housing needs, (ii) the size of the family, (iii) the cost and condition of housing facilities available, (iv) the ability of such persons and families to compete successfully in the normal private housing market and to pay the amounts at which private enterprise is providing sanitary, decent and safe housing, and (v) if appropriate, standards established for various federal programs determining eligibility based on income of such persons and families. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Petition: means the document filed with a circuit court to initiate a proceeding to appoint a guardian or conservator. See Virginia Code 64.2-2000
• Physical evidence recovery kit: means any evidence collection kit supplied by the Department to health care providers for use in collecting evidence from victims of sexual assault during forensic medical examinations or to the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner for use during death investigations to collect evidence from decedents who may be victims of sexual assault. See Virginia Code 19.2-11.5
• Planned unit development: means a form of development characterized by unified site design for a variety of housing types and densities, clustering of buildings, common open space, and a mix of building types and land uses in which project planning and density calculation are performed for the entire development rather than on an individual lot basis. See Virginia Code 15.2-2201
• Planning district: means a contiguous area within the boundaries established by the Department of Housing and Community Development. See Virginia Code 36-158
• Planning district commission: means a regional planning agency chartered under the provisions of Chapter 42 (§ 15. See Virginia Code 15.2-2201
• plat of subdivision: means the schematic representation of land divided or to be divided and information in accordance with the provisions of §§ 15. See Virginia Code 15.2-2201
• Plea: In a criminal case, the defendant's statement pleading "guilty" or "not guilty" in answer to the charges, a declaration made in open court.
• Plea agreement: An arrangement between the prosecutor, the defense attorney, and the defendant in which the defendant agrees to plead guilty in exchange for special considerations. ^Source:
• Pleadings: Written statements of the parties in a civil case of their positions. In the federal courts, the principal pleadings are the complaint and the answer.
• Police department: means that organization established by ordinance by a local governing body that is responsible for the prevention and detection of crime, the apprehension of criminals, the safeguard of life and property, the preservation of peace and the enforcement of state and local laws, regulations, and ordinances. See Virginia Code 9.1-165
• political party: means an organization of citizens of the Commonwealth which, at either of the two preceding statewide general elections, received at least 10 percent of the total vote cast for any statewide office filled in that election. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Political party office: means an elective office in the national or state organization of a political party, as defined in § 24. See Virginia Code 30-391
• Polling place: means the structure that contains the one place provided for each precinct at which the qualified voters who are residents of the precinct may vote. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Population served by police departments: means the total base year population of the Commonwealth less the population served by sheriffs only. See Virginia Code 9.1-165
• Population served by sheriffs only: means the total base year population of those counties without a police department, less the latest available estimate from the United States Bureau of the Census of the total population of towns, or portions of towns, having police departments, located in such counties. See Virginia Code 9.1-165
• Portable: means recognized by multiple employers or educational institutions and, where appropriate, across geographic areas. See Virginia Code 23.1-627.1
• Postsecondary school: includes programs of academic, vocational, and continuing professional education, except courses or programs of continuing professional education set forth in subdivision B 4 of § 23. See Virginia Code 23.1-213
• Potential crime rate: means the number of crimes per 100,000 persons in the base year population for each city or eligible county, as derived from the distribution formula. See Virginia Code 9.1-165
• Power of attorney: A written instrument which authorizes one person to act as another's agent or attorney. The power of attorney may be for a definite, specific act, or it may be general in nature. The terms of the written power of attorney may specify when it will expire. If not, the power of attorney usually expires when the person granting it dies. ^{Source: OCC}
• Prader-Willi syndrome: means a specific disorder that is usually caused by chromosomal change, resulting in lifelong functional and cognitive impairments and life-threatening obesity. See Virginia Code 51.5-116
• Precedent: A court decision in an earlier case with facts and law similar to a dispute currently before a court. Precedent will ordinarily govern the decision of a later similar case, unless a party can show that it was wrongly decided or that it differed in some significant way.
• Precinct: means the territory designated by the governing body of a county, city, or town to be served by one polling place. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Preferred shares: means a class or series of shares whose holders have preference over any other class or series of shares with respect to distributions. See Virginia Code 13.1-729
• Preliminary hearing: A hearing where the judge decides whether there is enough evidence to make the defendant have a trial.
• Preliminary subdivision plat: means the proposed schematic representation of development or subdivision that establishes how the provisions of §§ 15. See Virginia Code 15.2-2201
• President pro tempore: A constitutionally recognized officer of the Senate who presides over the chamber in the absence of the Vice President. The President Pro Tempore (or, "president for a time") is elected by the Senate and is, by custom, the Senator of the majority party with the longest record of continuous service.
• Presiding officer: A majority-party Senator who presides over the Senate and is charged with maintaining order and decorum, recognizing Members to speak, and interpreting the Senate's rules, practices and precedents.
• primary election: means an election held for the purpose of selecting a candidate to be the nominee of a political party for election to office. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Principal: means any person who, directly or indirectly, owns or controls (i) 10 percent or more of the outstanding stock of a stock corporation or (ii) a 10 percent or greater interest in a nonstock corporation or a limited liability company. See Virginia Code 6.2-1013
• Principal office: means the office, in or out of the Commonwealth, where the principal executive offices of a domestic or foreign corporation are located, or, if there are no such offices, the office, in or out of the Commonwealth, so designated by the board of directors. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Principal office: means the office, in or out of the Commonwealth, where the principal executive offices of a domestic or foreign corporation are located, or, if there are no such offices, the office, in or out of the Commonwealth, so designated by the board of directors. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Principal place of business: means the single state in which the natural persons who establish policy for the direction, control, and coordination of the operations of the institution as a whole primarily exercise that function, considering the following factors: (i) the state in which the primary executive and administrative offices of the institution are located; (ii) the state in which the principal office of the chief executive officer of the institution is located; (iii) the state in which the board of trustees or similar governing board of the institution conducts a majority of its meetings; and (iv) the state from which the overall operations of the institution are directed. See Virginia Code 23.1-628
• Private capital funding source: means a private entity that enters into a financing agreement, under which that private entity shall purchase a lease of the conveyed property for a consideration to be provided in such agreement, and its successors and assigns. See Virginia Code 15.2-1815
• Private club: means an organization, whether incorporated or not, that (i) is the owner, lessee, or occupant of a building or portion thereof used exclusively for club purposes, including club or member sponsored events; (ii) is operated solely for recreational, fraternal, social, patriotic, political, benevolent, or athletic purposes, and only sells alcoholic beverages incidental to its operation; (iii) has established bylaws, a constitution, or both that govern its activities; and (iv) the affairs and management of which are conducted by a board of directors, executive committee, or similar body chosen by the members at an annual meeting. See Virginia Code 15.2-2820
• Private institution of higher education: includes each nonprofit private institution of higher education and proprietary private institution of higher education in the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 23.1-100
• Private investigator: means any individual who engages in the business of, or accepts employment to make, investigations to obtain information on (i) crimes or civil wrongs; (ii) the location, disposition, or recovery of stolen property; (iii) the cause of accidents, fires, damages, or injuries to persons or to property; or (iv) evidence to be used before any court, board, officer, or investigative committee. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Private organic rules: means (i) the bylaws of a domestic or foreign corporation or nonstock corporation or (ii) the rules, regardless of whether in writing, that govern the internal affairs of an unincorporated entity, are binding on all its interest holders, and are not part of its public organic record. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Private police department: means any police department, other than a department that employs police agents under the provisions of § 56-353, that employs private police officers operated by an entity authorized by statute or an act of assembly to establish a private police department or such entity's successor in interest, provided it complies with the requirements set forth herein. See Virginia Code 9.1-101
• Private provider: means a private entity that provides cable television services. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.2
• Private security services business: means any person engaged in the business of providing, or who undertakes to provide, armored car personnel, security officers, personal protection specialists, private investigators, couriers, security canine handlers, security canine teams, detector canine handlers, detector canine teams, alarm respondents, locksmiths, central station dispatchers, electronic security employees, electronic security sales representatives or electronic security technicians and their assistants to another person under contract, express or implied. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Private security services instructor: means any individual certified by the Department to provide mandated instruction in private security subjects for a certified private security services training school. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Private security services training school: means any person certified by the Department to provide instruction in private security subjects for the training of private security services business personnel in accordance with this article. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Private trust business: means acting as or performing the duties of a fiduciary in the regular course of its business for family members. See Virginia Code 6.2-1074
• Private trust company: means a corporation or limited liability company that is organized to engage in private trust business under this article with one or more family members and that does not transact business with the general public. See Virginia Code 6.2-1074
• Private work place: means any office or work area that is not open to the public in the normal course of business except by individual invitation. See Virginia Code 15.2-2820
• Pro forma session: In the U.S. Congress, a brief meeting (sometimes only several seconds) in which no business is conducted. It is held usually to satisfy a constitutional obligation that neither chamber can adjourn for more than three days without the consent of the other.
• Pro se: A Latin term meaning "on one's own behalf"; in courts, it refers to persons who present their own cases without lawyers.
• Probable cause: A reasonable ground for belief that the offender violated a specific law.
• Probate: Proving a will
• Probation: A sentencing alternative to imprisonment in which the court releases convicted defendants under supervision as long as certain conditions are observed.
• Probation officers: Screen applicants for pretrial release and monitor convicted offenders released under court supervision.
• Proceeding: means any threatened, pending, or completed action, suit, or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, arbitrative, or investigative and whether formal or informal. See Virginia Code 13.1-696
• Proceeding: includes civil suit and criminal, administrative, and investigatory action. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Proceeding: includes civil suit and criminal, administrative and investigatory action conducted by a governmental agency. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Proceeds: means the same as that term is defined in § 18. See Virginia Code 18.2-513
• Product of discovery: means (i) the original or duplicate of any deposition, interrogatory, document, thing, result of the inspection of land or other property, examination, or admission, which is obtained by any method of discovery in any judicial or administrative proceeding of an adversarial nature; (ii) any digest, analysis, selection, compilation, or derivation of any item listed in clause (i); and (iii) any index or other manner of access to any item listed in clause (i). See Virginia Code 8.01-216.2
• Professional degree program: means an accredited graduate level program of study offered by a Virginia institution of higher education that has been accepted for participation in the Program by the Brown v. See Virginia Code 30-231.01
• Proffer condition amendment: means an amendment to an existing proffer statement applicable to a property or properties. See Virginia Code 15.2-2303.4
• Program: means a curriculum or course of study in a discipline or interdisciplinary area that leads to a degree or certificate. See Virginia Code 23.1-213
• Program: means the Two-Year College Transfer Grant Program. See Virginia Code 23.1-622
• Program: means the New Economy Workforce Credential Grant Program. See Virginia Code 23.1-627.1
• Program: means the Tuition Assistance Grant Program. See Virginia Code 23.1-628
• Program: means the Virginia Food Access Investment Program. See Virginia Code 36-156.3
• Program: means the program providing sick leave, family and personal leave, short-term disability, and long-term disability benefits for participating employees established pursuant to this chapter. See Virginia Code 51.1-1100
• Program: means the program providing short-term disability and long-term disability benefits for participating employees established pursuant to this chapter. See Virginia Code 51.1-1150
• Program: means the Brown v. See Virginia Code 30-231.01
• Project: means (i) the installation or construction by a wireless services provider or wireless infrastructure provider of a new structure or (ii) the co-location on any existing structure of a wireless facility that is not a small cell facility. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.3
• Project: means the development and implementation of activities or measures performed to eliminate, prevent, reduce, or mitigate damages caused by flooding or to identify flood hazards; the design, repair, and safety modifications of a dam or impounding structure, as defined in § 10. See Virginia Code 10.1-603.16
• Project: means a structure or structures identified in the capital improvement program of the locality or an agency or instrumentality of the locality that is a revenue-producing undertaking as provided in § 15. See Virginia Code 15.2-1815
• Project: means any undertaking by a local government to build or facilitate the building of broadband infrastructure, including wireless broadband infrastructure which will provide broadband services only to areas within the Commonwealth which are currently unserved by broadband services. See Virginia Code 15.2-2419
• Project: means any undertaking by a local government to build or facilitate the building of a facility, located at or adjacent to (i) a solid waste management facility permitted by the Department of Environmental Quality or (ii) a sewerage system or sewage treatment work described in § 62. See Virginia Code 15.2-2430
• Project: means all or any part of the following activities necessary or desirable for the restoration and redevelopment of a brownfield site: (i) environmental or cultural resource site assessments, (ii) monitoring, remediation, cleanup, or containment of property to remove hazardous substances, hazardous wastes, solid wastes or petroleum, (iii) the lawful and necessary removal of human remains, the appropriate treatment of grave sites, and the appropriate and necessary treatment of significant archaeological resources, or the stabilization or restoration of structures listed on or eligible for the Virginia Historic Landmarks Register, (iv) demolition and removal of existing structures, or other site work necessary to make a site or certain real property usable for economic development, and (v) development of a remediation and reuse plan. See Virginia Code 10.1-1230
• Project: means the construction, improvement, furnishing, maintenance, acquisition or operation of any facility that will further the purposes of the Authority, together with all property, rights, easements and interests which may be acquired by the Authority. See Virginia Code 10.1-1600
• Project: means any public improvement, property or undertaking for which the locality is authorized by law to appropriate money, except for current expenses, and specific undertakings from which the locality may derive revenues (sometimes called "revenue-producing undertakings") including, without limitation, water, sewer, sewage disposal, and garbage and refuse collection and disposal systems and facilities as defined in § 15. See Virginia Code 15.2-2602
• Proof of death: includes a death certificate; a certificate of qualification upon a decedent's estate; or an authenticated copy of any record or report of a governmental agency, domestic or foreign, that a person is dead. See Virginia Code 6.2-604
• Property: includes both real and personal property. See Virginia Code 64.2-2000
• Property: means land and personal property, and any right, title, interest, estate or claim in or to such property. See Virginia Code 25.1-100
• Property bail bondsman: means a person licensed pursuant to this article who, for compensation, enters into a bond or does so through his agent and who pledges real property, cash or certificates of deposit issued by a federally insured institution, or any combination thereof as security for a bond as defined in § 19. See Virginia Code 9.1-185
• proprietor: includes corporations, associations, or partnerships as well as individuals. See Virginia Code 15.2-2820
• Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
• Public body: means any entity defined in § 10. See Virginia Code 10.1-1009
• Public body: means any state agency having authority to acquire land for a public use, or any county or municipality, any park authority, any public recreational facilities authority, any soil and water conservation district, any community development authority formed pursuant to Article 6 (§ 15. See Virginia Code 10.1-1700
• Public corporation: means a corporation that has shares listed on a national securities exchange or regularly traded in a market maintained by one or more members of a national or affiliated securities association. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Public corporation: means the Commonwealth of Virginia or any political subdivision thereof or any incorporated municipality therein or any public agency of the Commonwealth or of any political subdivision thereof or of any municipality therein. See Virginia Code 1-219.1
• Public defender: Represent defendants who can't afford an attorney in criminal matters.
• Public facilities: means public transportation facilities, public safety facilities, public school facilities, or public parks. See Virginia Code 15.2-2303.4
• Public facilities: means (i) airports, landing fields, and air navigation facilities; (ii) educational facilities; (iii) flood control, bank and shore protection, watershed protection, and dams; (iv) hospital facilities; (v) judicial and court facilities; (vi) correctional facilities, including jails and penitentiaries; (vii) library facilities; (viii) military installations; (ix) parks so designated by the Commonwealth or by the locality in its comprehensive plan; (x) properties of historical significance so designated by the Commonwealth; (xi) law enforcement, fire, emergency medical, and rescue facilities; (xii) sanitary sewer, water or stormwater facilities; (xiii) transportation facilities including highways, roads, streets, and bridges, traffic signals, related easements and rights-of-way, mass transit, ports, and any components of federal, state, or local transportation facilities; (xiv) waste management facilities for hazardous, radioactive, or other waste; (xv) office facilities occupied by a public corporation; and (xvi) such other facilities that are necessary to the construction, maintenance, or operation of a public facility as listed in clauses (i) through (xv) and directly related thereto. See Virginia Code 1-219.1
• Public facility improvement: means an offsite public transportation facility improvement, a public safety facility improvement, a public school facility improvement, or an improvement to or construction of a public park. See Virginia Code 15.2-2303.4
• Public institution of higher education: includes the System as a whole and each associate-degree-granting and baccalaureate public institution of higher education in the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 23.1-100
• Public law: A public bill or joint resolution that has passed both chambers and been enacted into law. Public laws have general applicability nationwide.
• Public organic record: means (i) the articles of incorporation of a domestic or foreign corporation or nonstock corporation or (ii) the document, the filing of which is required to create an unincorporated entity. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• public park: shall include playgrounds and other recreational facilities. See Virginia Code 15.2-2303.4
• Public place: means any enclosed, indoor area used by the general public, including but not limited to any building owned or leased by the Commonwealth or any agency thereof or any locality, public conveyance or public vehicle, educational facility, hospital, nursing facility or nursing home, other health care facility, library, retail store of 15,000 square feet or more, auditorium, arena, theater, museum, concert hall, or other area used for a performance or an exhibit of the arts or sciences, or any meeting room. See Virginia Code 15.2-2820
• public right-of-way: as used in this chapter means any area over which the public has a general privilege to travel. See Virginia Code 15.2-2000
• Public safety facility improvement: means construction of new law-enforcement, fire, emergency medical, and rescue facilities or expansion of existing public safety facilities, to include all buildings, structures, parking, and other costs directly related thereto. See Virginia Code 15.2-2303.4
• Public school facility improvement: means construction of new primary and secondary public schools or expansion of existing primary and secondary public schools, to include all buildings, structures, parking, and other costs directly related thereto. See Virginia Code 15.2-2303.4
• Public transportation facility improvement: means (i) construction of new roads; (ii) improvement or expansion of existing roads and related appurtenances as required by applicable standards of the Virginia Department of Transportation, or the applicable standards of a locality; and (iii) construction, improvement, or expansion of buildings, structures, parking, and other facilities directly related to transit. See Virginia Code 15.2-2303.4
• public vehicle: means any air, land, or water vehicle used for the mass transportation of persons in intrastate travel for compensation, including but not limited to any airplane, train, bus, or boat that is not subject to federal smoking regulations. See Virginia Code 15.2-2820
• Public welfare investment: means any investment permitted by 12 C. See Virginia Code 6.2-800
• Purchaser: means the first person purchasing a manufactured home in good faith for purposes other than resale. See Virginia Code 36-85.3
• Putative shares: means the shares of any class or series of the corporation, including shares issued upon exercise of rights, options, warrants, or other securities convertible into shares of the corporation, or interests with respect to such shares, that were created or issued as a result of a defective corporate action, that (i) but for any failure of authorization would constitute valid shares or (ii) cannot be determined by the board of directors to be valid shares. See Virginia Code 13.1-614.1
• Qualified business firm: means a business firm designated as a qualified business firm by the Department pursuant to § 36-165. See Virginia Code 36-158
• Qualified education loan: means any qualified education loan obtained specifically to finance education or other school-related expenses. See Virginia Code 23.1-231
• Qualified education loan borrower: means (i) any current resident of the Commonwealth who has received or agreed to pay a qualified education loan or (ii) any person who shares responsibility with such resident for repaying the qualified education loan. See Virginia Code 23.1-231
• Qualified owner occupant: means the owner of a housing unit who also uses the housing unit as the owner's residence, and who is designated as a qualified owner occupant pursuant to § 36-165. See Virginia Code 36-158
• Qualified voter: means a person who is entitled to vote pursuant to the Constitution of Virginia and who is (i) 18 years of age on or before the day of the election or qualified pursuant to § 24. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Qualifying project: means the same as that term is defined in the Public-Private Education Facilities and Infrastructure Act of 2002. See Virginia Code 30-278
• Racketeering activity: means to commit, attempt to commit, or conspire to commit or to solicit, coerce, or intimidate another person to commit two or more of the following offenses: Article 2. See Virginia Code 18.2-513
• rates: means any rate of premium, policy fee, membership fee or any other charge made by an insurer for or in connection with a contract or policy of insurance. See Virginia Code 38.2-100
• Real estate loan: means :

  1. See Virginia Code 6.2-1100

• Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act: Federal law that, among other things, requires lenders to provide "good faith" estimates of settlement costs and make other disclosures regarding the mortgage loan. RESPA also limits the amount of funds held in escrow for real estate taxes and insurance. ^{Source: OCC}
• Real property: means all lands, including improvements and fixtures thereon, and property of any nature appurtenant thereto, or used in connection therewith, and every estate, interest and right, legal or equitable, therein, including terms for years and liens by way of judgment, mortgage or otherwise and the indebtedness secured by such liens. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Receivership court: means the circuit court that appoints a receiver for a bank pursuant to this article. See Virginia Code 6.2-925
• Receiving area: means one or more areas identified by an ordinance and designated by the comprehensive plan as an area authorized to receive development rights transferred from a sending area. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.1
• Receiving property: means a lot or parcel within a receiving area and within which development rights are increased pursuant to a transfer of development rights affixed to the property. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.1
• Recess: A temporary interruption of the legislative business.
• Reciprocal: means the aggregation of subscribers under a common name. See Virginia Code 38.2-1201
• Reclamation: means the restoration or conversion of disturbed land to a stable condition that minimizes or prevents adverse disruption and the injurious effects of such disruption and presents an opportunity for further productive use if such use is reasonable. See Virginia Code 45.2-1200
• Record date: means the date established under Article 7 (§ 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Record date: means the date fixed for determining the identity of the corporation's shareholders and their shareholdings for purposes of this chapter. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Record shareholder: means (i) the person in whose name shares are registered in the records of the corporation or (ii) the person identified as the beneficial owner of shares in a beneficial ownership certificate pursuant to § 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Records: as used in this article , shall be deemed to include any memorandum, report, paper, data compilation, or other record in any form, or any combination thereof. See Virginia Code 8.01-389
• Recourse: An arrangement in which a bank retains, in form or in substance, any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bank's claim on the asset. If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold, then the retention of any credit risk is recourse. ^{Source: FDIC}
• Recreational facility: means any enclosed, indoor area used by the general public and used as a stadium, arena, skating rink, video game facility, or senior citizen recreational facility. See Virginia Code 15.2-2820
• Reenacted: when used in the title or enactment of a bill or act of the General Assembly, means that the changes enacted to a section of the Code of Virginia or an act of the General Assembly are in addition to the existing substantive provisions in that section or act, and are effective prospectively unless the bill expressly provides that such changes are effective retroactively on a specified date. See Virginia Code 1-238
• Referendum: means any election held pursuant to law to submit a question to the voters for approval or rejection. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Refuse: means waste material resulting from a mineral mining operation. See Virginia Code 45.2-1300
• Region: means a planning district; however, by agreement of the localities of the planning district, localities which are not part of a planning district may be added to the region if the locality's governing body by vote agrees to become part of the region. See Virginia Code 15.2-1307
• Regional partnership: means an organization composed of government, business, education and civic leaders approved by the local governing bodies of the region to carry out the provisions of this chapter. See Virginia Code 15.2-1307
• Registered: means that an industrialized building displays a registration seal issued by the Department of Housing and Community Development. See Virginia Code 36-71.1
• Registered voter: means any person who is maintained on the Virginia voter registration system. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Registration: means a method of regulation whereby certain personnel employed by a private security services business are required to register with the Department pursuant to this article. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Registration records: means all official records concerning the registration of qualified voters and shall include all records, lists, applications, and files, whether maintained in books, on cards, on automated data bases, or by any other legally permitted record-keeping method. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Regular flood insurance program: means a program of insurance under the national flood insurance program, for which the Federal Insurance Administrator has issued a flood insurance rate map and applicable actuarial rates, and under which new construction will not be eligible for flood insurance except at the applicable actuarial rates. See Virginia Code 10.1-600
• regulation: means any statement of general application, having the force of law, affecting the rights or conduct of any person, adopted by an agency in accordance with the authority conferred on it by applicable basic laws. See Virginia Code 30-73.1
• Rehabilitation technology: means the systematic application of technologies, engineering methodologies, or scientific principles to meet the needs of and address the barriers confronted by individuals with disabilities in areas that include education, rehabilitation, employment, transportation, independent living, and recreation. See Virginia Code 51.5-116
• Religion: includes any outward expression of religious faith, including adherence to religious dressing and grooming practices and the carrying or display of religious items or symbols. See Virginia Code 15.2-1500.1
• Remainderman: One entitled to the remainder of an estate after a particular reserved right or interest, such as a life tenancy, has expired.
• Remand: When an appellate court sends a case back to a lower court for further proceedings.
• Request: means a proper request for withdrawal, or a check or order for payment, that complies with all conditions of the account, including special requirements concerning necessary signatures and regulations of the financial institution. See Virginia Code 6.2-604
• required to be published pursuant to the laws thereof: includes being subject to disclosure under § 54. See Virginia Code 8.01-385
• Resident curator: means a person, firm, or corporation that leases or otherwise contracts to manage, preserve, maintain, operate, or reside in a historic property in accordance with the provisions of § 15. See Virginia Code 15.2-2201
• Residential housing: means a specific work or improvement within the Commonwealth, whether multifamily residential housing or single-family residential housing undertaken primarily to provide dwelling accommodations, including the acquisition, construction, rehabilitation, preservation or improvement of land, buildings and improvements thereto, for residential housing, and such other nonhousing facilities as may be incidental, related, or appurtenant thereto. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Residential housing: means a specific work or improvement within this Commonwealth, whether multi-family residential housing or single-family residential housing undertaken primarily to provide dwelling accommodations, including the acquisition, construction, rehabilitation, preservation or improvement of land, buildings and improvements thereto, for residential housing, and such other nonhousing facilities as may be incidental, related, or appurtenant thereto. See Virginia Code 36-141
• Residentially zoned property: means property zoned or proposed to be zoned for either single-family or multifamily housing. See Virginia Code 15.2-2303.4
• Respondent: means an allegedly incapacitated person for whom a petition for guardianship or conservatorship has been filed. See Virginia Code 64.2-2000
• Responsible public entity: means a public entity that is an agency or institution of the Commonwealth and that has the power to develop or operate a qualifying project. See Virginia Code 30-278
• Restaurant: means :

  1. See Virginia Code 35.1-1

• Restaurant: means any place where food is prepared for service to the public on or off the premises, or any place where food is served. See Virginia Code 15.2-2820
• Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.
• Resulting bank: means a bank that has resulted from an interstate merger transaction under this article. See Virginia Code 6.2-849
• revenue bonds: as used in this article shall embrace notes, bonds and other obligations authorized to be issued pursuant to this article. See Virginia Code 15.2-1749
• Revocable trust: A trust agreement that can be canceled, rescinded, revoked, or repealed by the grantor (person who establishes the trust).
• Right of survivorship: The ownership rights that result in the acquisition of title to property by reason of having survived other co-owners.
• River: means a flowing body of water, or a section or portion thereof. See Virginia Code 10.1-400
• Road improvement: includes construction of new roads or improvement or expansion of existing roads and related appurtenances as required by applicable standards of the Virginia Department of Transportation, or the applicable standards of a locality with road maintenance responsibilities, to meet increased demand attributable to new development. See Virginia Code 15.2-2318
• Rural business investment company: means a company that has been granted final approval by the U. See Virginia Code 6.2-800
• SAA: means the Department of Housing and Community Development which is responsible for the administration and enforcement of this law throughout Virginia and of the plan authorized by § 36-85. See Virginia Code 36-85.3
• Savings account: means an interest-bearing account not subject to withdrawal by check or other negotiable instrument. See Virginia Code 6.2-1100
• Savings bank: means a savings institution specifically chartered under the laws of the Commonwealth, another state or a territory of the United States, the District of Columbia, or the United States as a savings bank. See Virginia Code 6.2-1100
• Savings institution: means a savings and loan association, a building and loan association, or savings bank, whether organized as a capital stock corporation or a nonstock corporation, that is authorized by law to accept deposits and to hold itself out to the public as engaged in the savings institution business. See Virginia Code 6.2-1100
• Savings institution: means any savings institution, as defined in § 6. See Virginia Code 6.2-300
• Savings institution holding company: means any person who, directly or indirectly, or acting in concert with one or more other companies or with one or more subsidiaries or affiliates, acquires, owns, controls or holds with power to vote 25 percent or more of the voting shares of a stock savings institution, or which controls in any manner the election of a majority of the directors of such institution. See Virginia Code 6.2-1100
• Scenic river: means a river or section or portion of a river that has been designated a "scenic river" by an act of the General Assembly and that possesses superior natural and scenic beauty, fish and wildlife, and historic, recreational, geologic, cultural, and other assets. See Virginia Code 10.1-400
• School resource officer: means a certified law-enforcement officer hired by the local law-enforcement agency to provide law-enforcement and security services to Virginia public elementary and secondary schools. See Virginia Code 9.1-101
• School security officer: means an individual who is employed by the local school board or a private or religious school for the singular purpose of maintaining order and discipline, preventing crime, investigating violations of the policies of the school board or the private or religious school, and detaining students violating the law or the policies of the school board or the private or religious school on school property, school buses, or at school-sponsored events and who is responsible solely for ensuring the safety, security, and welfare of all students, faculty, staff, and visitors in the assigned school. See Virginia Code 9.1-101
• sealing: means to (i) restricting dissemination of criminal history record information contained in the Central Criminal Records Exchange, including any records relating to an arrest, charge, or conviction, in accordance with the purposes set forth in § 19. See Virginia Code 19.2-392.5
• Secretary: means the Secretary of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. See Virginia Code 36-85.3
• Secretary: means the corporate officer or other individual to whom the board of directors has delegated responsibility under subsection C of § 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Security canine: means a dog that has attended, completed, and been certified as a security canine by a certified security canine handler instructor in accordance with approved Department procedures and certification guidelines. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Security canine handler: means any individual who utilizes his security canine in the performance of private security duties. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Self-assessment: means (i) a bank's voluntary, self-initiated internal assessment, audit, or review of the bank and its practices, policies, and procedures or (ii) a bank's voluntary, self-initiated assessment, audit, or review of the practices, policies, and procedures of a person acting under contract, directly or indirectly, as the bank's service provider, including mortgage servicers and sub-servicers, credit and debit card processors, and providers of loan document systems. See Virginia Code 6.2-947
• Self-assessment report: means any document, including any audit, report, finding, communication, or opinion or any draft of an audit, report, finding, communication, or opinion, prepared by internal personnel or by outside attorneys, accountants, or consultants as a part of or in connection with a self-assessment that is made in good faith. See Virginia Code 6.2-947
• Sending area: means one or more areas identified by an ordinance and designated by the comprehensive plan as an area from which development rights are authorized to be severed and transferred to a receiving area. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.1
• Sending property: means a lot or parcel within a sending area from which development rights are authorized to be severed. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.1
• senior citizen: means any individual who, before the beginning of any academic term, semester, or quarter in which he claims entitlement to the benefits of this article, has reached the age of 60 and has been legally domiciled in the Commonwealth for at least one year. See Virginia Code 23.1-639
• Senior executive: means the chief executive officer, chief operating officer, chief financial officer and anyone in charge of a principal business unit or function. See Virginia Code 13.1-729
• Sentencing guidelines: A set of rules and principles established by the United States Sentencing Commission that trial judges use to determine the sentence for a convicted defendant. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
• Service: means a period of service as a participating employee. See Virginia Code 51.1-1150
• Service corporation: means a stock corporation, all of the stock of which is owned (i) directly by one or more savings institutions or (ii) indirectly through a subsidiary or subsidiaries of one or more savings institutions. See Virginia Code 6.2-1100
• Servicing: means (i) receiving any scheduled periodic payments from a qualified education loan borrower pursuant to the terms of a qualified education loan; (ii) applying the payments of principal and interest and such other payments, with respect to the amounts received from a qualified education loan borrower, as may be required pursuant to the terms of a qualified education loan; and (iii) performing other administrative services with respect to a qualified education loan. See Virginia Code 23.1-231
• Severance of development rights: means the process by which development rights from a sending property are severed pursuant to this act. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.1
• Sexual assault offense: means a violation or attempted violation of any offense enumerated in Article 7 (§ 18. See Virginia Code 19.2-11.5
• Sexual harassment: means unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature when such conduct explicitly or implicitly affects an individual's employment, unreasonably interferes with an individual's work performance, or creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work environment. See Virginia Code 30-129.4
• Share account: means a balance held by a credit union and established by a member in accordance with standards specified by the credit union, including balances designated as shares, share certificates, share draft accounts, or other names. See Virginia Code 6.2-1300
• Share exchange: means a transaction pursuant to § 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• shareholder: means a record shareholder, a beneficial shareholder, and a voting trust beneficial owner whose entitlement to bring the proceeding under this article is not inconsistent with the voting trust agreement. See Virginia Code 13.1-672.7
• Shareholder: means a record shareholder, a beneficial shareholder, and a voting trust beneficial owner. See Virginia Code 13.1-729
• Shareholder: means an entity shown by the records of a corporation to be the owner of one or more shares of its outstanding capital stock. See Virginia Code 13.1-776
• Shareholder: means a record shareholder. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Shares: means the interest of a member having an account in a credit union. See Virginia Code 6.2-1300
• Shares: means the units into which the proprietary interests in a corporation are divided. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Sheriff: shall include deputy sheriffs and such other persons designated in § 15. See Virginia Code 8.01-2
• signature: means , with present intent to authenticate or adopt a document: (i) to execute or adopt a tangible symbol to a document, and includes any manual, facsimile, or conformed signature; or (ii) to attach to or logically associate with an electronic transmission an electronic sound, symbol, or process, and includes an electronic signature in an electronic transmission. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• signature: means , with present intent to authenticate or adopt a document: (i) to execute or adopt a tangible symbol to a document, and includes any manual, facsimile, or conformed signature; or (ii) to attach to or logically associate with an electronic transmission an electronic sound, symbol, or process, and includes an electronic signature in an electronic transmission. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Silt: means fine particles resulting from a mineral mining operation, suspended in or deposited by water. See Virginia Code 45.2-1300
• Single-family residential housing: means residential housing consisting of four or fewer dwelling units, the person or family owning or intending to acquire such dwelling units, upon completion of the construction, rehabilitation, or improvement thereof, also occupying or intending to occupy one of such dwelling units. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Sinkhole: means a closed topographic depression or basin, generally draining underground, including, but not restricted to, a doline, uvala, blind valley, or sink. See Virginia Code 10.1-1000
• Site: means a geographical area on dry land that contains any evidence of human activity that is or may be the source of important historic, scientific, archaeologic, or educational data or objects. See Virginia Code 10.1-2300
• Site plan: means the proposal for a development or a subdivision including all covenants, grants or easements and other conditions relating to use, location and bulk of buildings, density of development, common open space, public facilities and such other information as required by the subdivision ordinance to which the proposed development or subdivision is subject. See Virginia Code 15.2-2201
• Skirting: means a weather-resistant material used to enclose the space from the bottom of the manufactured home to grade. See Virginia Code 36-85.3
• Small area comprehensive plan: means that portion of a comprehensive plan adopted pursuant to § 15. See Virginia Code 15.2-2303.4
• Small cell facility: means a wireless facility that meets both of the following qualifications: (i) each antenna is located inside an enclosure of no more than six cubic feet in volume, or, in the case of an antenna that has exposed elements, the antenna and all of its exposed elements could fit within an imaginary enclosure of no more than six cubic feet and (ii) all other wireless equipment associated with the facility has a cumulative volume of no more than 28 cubic feet, or such higher limit as is established by the Federal Communications Commission. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.3
• smoking: means the carrying or holding of any lighted pipe, cigar, or cigarette of any kind, or any other lighted smoking equipment, or the lighting, inhaling, or exhaling of smoke from a pipe, cigar, or cigarette of any kind. See Virginia Code 15.2-2820
• Snowmaking equipment: means any machine used to make snow, including but not limited to snow guns and any associated towers, components, pipe, hydrant, hose, or other structures or equipment, including electrical equipment. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Social need: means the need caused by noneconomic factors, including (i) physical and mental disabilities, which include developmental disabilities and human immunodeficiency virus; (ii) language barriers; and (iii) cultural, social, or geographic isolation, including that which is related to a history of discrimination for factors such as racial or ethnic status, gender identity, gender expression, or sexual orientation that can affect an individual's ability to perform normal daily tasks or threatens such individual's capacity to live independently. See Virginia Code 51.5-134
• soil and water conservation district: means a political subdivision of this Commonwealth organized in accordance with the provisions of this chapter. See Virginia Code 10.1-500
• Solar facilities: means commercial solar photovoltaic (electric energy) generation facilities. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.6
• Solar project: means the solar facilities, subject to this chapter, that are within the project site. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.6
• Sole ownership: The type of property ownership in which one individual holds legal title to the property and has full control of it.
• Somatic cell: means a mature, diploid cell, i. See Virginia Code 32.1-162.21
• Somatic cell nuclear transfer: means transferring the nucleus of a somatic cell of an existing or deceased human into an oocyte from which the chromosomes are removed or rendered inert. See Virginia Code 32.1-162.21
• Special election: means any election that is held pursuant to law to fill a vacancy in office or to hold a referendum. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Special exception: means a special use that is a use not permitted in a particular district except by a special use permit granted under the provisions of this chapter and any zoning ordinances adopted herewith. See Virginia Code 15.2-2201
• Specific public benefit: means a benefit that serves one or more public welfare, religious, charitable, scientific, literary, or educational purposes, or other purpose or benefit beyond the strict interest of the shareholders of the benefit corporation, including:

  1. See Virginia Code 13.1-782

• Spirits: means any beverage that contains alcohol obtained by distillation mixed with drinkable water and other substances, in solution, and includes, among other things, brandy, rum, whiskey, and gin, or any one or more of the last four named ingredients, but shall not include any such liquors completely denatured in accordance with formulas approved by the United States government. See Virginia Code 4.1-100
• Sponsoring association: includes any wholly owned subsidiary of a sponsoring association. See Virginia Code 6.2-951
• Standard process project: means any project other than an administrative review-eligible project. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.3
• State: means any commonwealth, state, territory, district or insular possession of the United States. See Virginia Code 38.2-100
• State: means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. See Virginia Code 10.1-1238
• State: means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. See Virginia Code 24.2-452
• State agency: means any (i) department, agency or instrumentality of the Commonwealth; (ii) public authority, municipal corporation, local governmental unit or political subdivision of the Commonwealth or any department, agency or instrumentality thereof; (iii) person who has the authority to acquire property by eminent domain under state law; or (iv) two or more of the aforementioned that carry out projects that cause persons to be displaced. See Virginia Code 25.1-100
• State aid to localities with police: means that amount which bears the same relationship to the population served by police departments as state aid to sheriff-only localities bears to the population served by sheriffs only. See Virginia Code 9.1-165
• State aid to sheriff-only localities: means the estimated total amount for salaries and expenses to be paid by the Commonwealth, pursuant to Article 3 (§ 15. See Virginia Code 9.1-165
• State archaeological site: means an area designated by the Department in which it is reasonable to expect to find objects of antiquity. See Virginia Code 10.1-2300
• State archaeologist: means the individual designated pursuant to § 10. See Virginia Code 10.1-2300
• State association: means an association incorporated under the laws of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 6.2-1100
• State bank: means a bank incorporated under the laws of the Commonwealth and that has its principal place of business in the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 6.2-800
• State bank: means a bank incorporated under the laws of the Commonwealth and that has its principal business office in the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 6.2-1100
• State Board: means the State Board of Health. See Virginia Code 35.1-1
• State Board: means the State Board for Community Colleges. See Virginia Code 23.1-100
• State Fire Marshal: means the State Fire Marshal as provided for by § 9. See Virginia Code 27-95
• State institution: means any (i) institution enumerated in § 23. See Virginia Code 25.1-100
• State savings bank: means a savings bank organized and incorporated under the provisions of this chapter. See Virginia Code 6.2-1100
• State savings institution: means a savings institution incorporated under the laws of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 6.2-1100
• State service: means the employee's total period of state service as an eligible employee, including all periods of classified full-time and classified part-time service and periods of leave without pay, but not including periods during which the employee did not meet the definition of an eligible employee. See Virginia Code 51.1-1100
• State trust company: means a corporation organized or reorganized as a trust company under Article 2 (§ 6. See Virginia Code 6.2-1065
• State trust institution: means a trust institution having its principal office in the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 6.2-1065
• State-controlled land: includes state parks, state wildlife areas, state recreation areas, highway rights-of-way, and state-owned easements. See Virginia Code 10.1-2300
• Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights.
• Stock association: means an association that issues shares of capital stock. See Virginia Code 6.2-1100
• Stock institution: means a savings institution that issues shares of capital stock. See Virginia Code 6.2-1100
• Street: means highway, street, avenue, boulevard, road, lane, alley, or any public way. See Virginia Code 15.2-2201
• Student: means a medical student, dental student, intern, resident, or undergraduate student who is entitled to reduced rate tuition charges pursuant to Chapter 5 (§ 23. See Virginia Code 23.1-617
• Subordinate mortgage or deed of trust: means a mortgage or deed of trust that is subject to a prior mortgage or deed of trust in existence at the time of the making of the loan secured by such subordinate mortgage or deed of trust. See Virginia Code 6.2-300
• Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
• Subpoena duces tecum: A command to a witness to produce documents.
• Subscriber: means a person who lawfully receives cable television services. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.2
• Subscriber: means a person who subscribes for shares in a corporation, whether before or after incorporation. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Subsidiary: means , in relation to an individual, an entity in which the individual either (i) owns directly or indirectly equity interests entitled to cast a majority of the votes entitled to be cast generally in an election of directors or members of the governing body of the entity or (ii) otherwise owns or controls voting or contractual power to exercise effective governing control of the entity. See Virginia Code 13.1-782
• Subsidiary: means , as to any corporation, any other corporation of which it owns, directly or indirectly, voting shares entitled to cast a majority of the votes entitled to be cast generally in an election of directors of such other corporation. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Subsidiary bank: means a bank authorized to exercise trust powers, at least 80 percent of the outstanding shares of which are owned directly or indirectly through a subsidiary by a Virginia bank holding company. See Virginia Code 6.2-1047
• subsidiary trust company: means a corporation organized under Chapter 9 of Title 13. See Virginia Code 6.2-1000
• Substance abuse: means the same as that term is defined in § 37. See Virginia Code 9.1-193
• Summer camp: means any building, tent, or vehicle, or group of buildings, tents, or vehicles, if operated as one place or establishment, or any other place or establishment, public or private, together with the land and waters adjacent thereto, that is operated or used in this Commonwealth for the entertainment, education, recreation, religious instruction or activities, physical education, or health of persons under 18 years of age who are not related to the operator of such place or establishment by blood or marriage within the third degree of consanguinity or affinity, if 12 or more such persons at any one time are accommodated, gratuitously or for compensation, overnight and during any portion of more than two consecutive days. See Virginia Code 35.1-1
• Summons: Another word for subpoena used by the criminal justice system.
• Sums on deposit: means the balance payable on a multiple-party account, including a fiduciary account, including interest, dividends, and in addition any deposit life insurance proceeds added to the account by reason of the death of a party. See Virginia Code 6.2-604
• Supervisor: means a member of the board of supervisors of a county. See Virginia Code 15.2-102
• Supervisor: means any individual who directly or indirectly supervises registered or certified private security services business personnel. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• supplies: means any articles or things, including equipment, which are used by or furnished to any department, institution, office, board or other agency of county government. See Virginia Code 15.2-1234
• Surety bail bondsman: means a person licensed pursuant to this article who is also licensed by the State Corporation Commission as a property and casualty insurance agent, and who sells, solicits, or negotiates surety insurance as defined in § 38. See Virginia Code 9.1-185
• sworn: means "affirm" or "affirmed. See Virginia Code 1-250
• System: means the Virginia Patient Level Data System. See Virginia Code 32.1-276.3
• System: means the Virginia Community College System. See Virginia Code 23.1-100
• Tax: includes , but is not limited to, federal, state or local income, gift, estate, generation-skipping transfer, or inheritance tax. See Virginia Code 6.2-1074
• Tax equity finance transaction: has the meaning assigned to it in 12 C. See Virginia Code 6.2-800
• Teachout plan: means a written agreement between or among postsecondary schools that provides for the equitable treatment of students if one party to the agreement ceases to offer an educational program before all students enrolled in that program complete the program. See Virginia Code 23.1-213
• Temporary restraining order: Prohibits a person from an action that is likely to cause irreparable harm. This differs from an injunction in that it may be granted immediately, without notice to the opposing party, and without a hearing. It is intended to last only until a hearing can be held.
• Tenancy in common: A type of property ownership in which two or more individuals have an undivided interest in property. At the death of one tenant in common, his (her) fractional percentage of ownership in the property passes to the decedent
• Term: means (i) the period of time between either election or appointment of service as a judge and the first taking of the oath of office, (ii) each period of time for which the person was either elected or appointed as a judge, and (iii) any period of time after retirement during which the person hears cases as a retired judge. See Virginia Code 17.1-900
• Testator: A male person who leaves a will at death.
• Testify: Answer questions in court.
• Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
• Theater: means any indoor facility or auditorium, open to the public, which is primarily used or designed for the purpose of exhibiting any motion picture, stage production, musical recital, dance, lecture, or other similar performance. See Virginia Code 15.2-2820
• Third-party standard: means a recognized standard for defining, reporting, and assessing corporate social and environmental performance that:

  1. See Virginia Code 13.1-782

• Third-party-validated: means having an external process in place for determining validity and relevance in the workplace and for continuous alignment of demonstrated knowledge and skills with industry workforce needs. See Virginia Code 23.1-627.1
• this law: means the Virginia Industrialized Building Safety Law as provided in this chapter. See Virginia Code 36-71.1
• this law: means the Virginia Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Standards Law as embraced in this chapter. See Virginia Code 36-85.3
• Tobacco Assets: means all right, title, and interest in and to the portion of the Foundation Allocation that may be sold to the Corporation from time to time. See Virginia Code 32.1-354
• Tort: A civil wrong or breach of a duty to another person, as outlined by law. A very common tort is negligent operation of a motor vehicle that results in property damage and personal injury in an automobile accident.
• Total disability: means a disability that exists (i) during the first 24 months following the occurrence or commencement of an illness or injury if an employee is unable to perform all of his essential job functions or (ii) after 24 months following the occurrence or commencement of an illness or injury if an employee is unable to perform any job for which he is reasonably qualified based on his training or experience and earning less than 80 percent of his predisability earnings. See Virginia Code 51.1-1150
• Tourism improvement district: means a district established by a locality under the provisions of this article. See Virginia Code 15.2-2413.1
• Tourism improvement district plan: means a proposal for a tourism improvement district under the provisions of this article. See Virginia Code 15.2-2413.1
• Town: means any existing town or an incorporated community within one or more counties which became a town before noon, July one, nineteen hundred seventy-one, as provided by law or which has within defined boundaries a population of 1,000 or more and which has become a town as provided by law. See Virginia Code 15.2-102
• Trace evidence collection kit: means any evidence collection kit supplied by the Department to health care providers for use in collecting evidence from victims of strangulation during forensic medical examinations or to the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner for use during death investigations to collect evidence from decedents who may be victims of strangulation. See Virginia Code 19.2-11.5 v2
• Trail: includes edges and transition areas to other terrain, but does not include a tubing park. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Transact business: includes the conduct of affairs by any corporation that is not organized for profit. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Transcript: A written, word-for-word record of what was said, either in a proceeding such as a trial or during some other conversation, as in a transcript of a hearing or oral deposition.
• Transfer: means any transaction in which (i) an ownership or other interest in the cable operator is transferred, directly or indirectly, from one person or group of persons to another person or group of persons, so that majority control of the cable operator is transferred; or (ii) the rights and obligations held by the cable operator under the cable franchise granted under this article are transferred or assigned to another person or group of persons. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.19
• Transfer of development rights: means the process by which development rights from a sending property are affixed to one or more receiving properties. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.1
• Transferable development rights: means all or that portion of development rights that are transferred or are transferable. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.1
• Transition plan: means the plan that is required as part of the IEP used to help students and families prepare for the future after the student reaches the age of majority. See Virginia Code 64.2-2000
• Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
• Trust account: means the account established pursuant to a trust, estate, or other fiduciary relationship that has been established with an association. See Virginia Code 6.2-1081
• Trust account: means an account in the name of one or more parties as trustee for one or more beneficiaries where the relationship is established by the form of the account and the deposit agreement with the financial institution and there is no subject of the trust other than the sums on deposit in the account, without regard to whether payment to the beneficiary is mentioned in the deposit agreement. See Virginia Code 6.2-604
• Trust business: means the holding out by a person or legal entity to the public at large by advertising, solicitation or other means that the person or legal entity is available to act as a fiduciary in the Commonwealth or is accepting and undertaking to perform the duties of a fiduciary in the regular course of its business. See Virginia Code 6.2-1000
• Trust business: has the meaning assigned to it in § 6. See Virginia Code 6.2-800
• Trust company: means a state trust company or any other entity chartered to act as a fiduciary that is not a bank. See Virginia Code 6.2-1065
• Trust company: means a corporation, including an affiliated trust company, that is authorized to engage in the trust business under Article 2 (§ 6. See Virginia Code 6.2-1000
• Trust company: has the meaning assigned to it in § 6. See Virginia Code 6.2-800
• Trust company holding company: means a corporation that controls a trust company. See Virginia Code 6.2-1000
• Trust department: means that group or groups of officers and employees of an association, or of an affiliate of an association, to whom are assigned the performance of fiduciary services by the association. See Virginia Code 6.2-1081
• Trust institution: means a bank or trust company chartered by a state bank supervisory agency or by the Office of the Comptroller of Currency. See Virginia Code 6.2-1065
• Trust institution: means any (i) bank authorized to engage in the trust business, (ii) trust company, or (iii) trust subsidiary. See Virginia Code 6.2-1000
• Trust office: means an office at which a trust institution engages in a trust business and not in the banking business. See Virginia Code 6.2-1065
• Trust subsidiary under common ownership: means a trust subsidiary at least 80 percent or more of which is owned, directly or indirectly through a subsidiary, by the same Virginia bank holding company as owns, directly or indirectly through a subsidiary, at least 80 percent of the stock of the subsidiary bank substituted as fiduciary. See Virginia Code 6.2-1047
• Trustee: means a trustee under a probated will or an inter vivos trust instrument. See Virginia Code 64.2-100
• Truth in Lending Act: The Truth in Lending Act is a federal law that requires lenders to provide standardized information so that borrowers can compare loan terms. In general, lenders must provide information on ^{Source: OCC}
• Tubing: means sliding on inflatable tubes, minibobs, sleds, toboggans, or any other comparable devices down a prepared course or lanes at a winter sports area. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Tubing park: means an area designated by an operator for tubing. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Unarmed security officer: means a natural person who performs the functions of observation, detection, reporting, or notification of appropriate authorities or designated agents regarding persons or property on the premises he is contracted to protect, and who does not carry or have access to a firearm in the performance of his duties. See Virginia Code 9.1-138
• Underserved community: means a census tract determined to be an area with low supermarket access either by the U. See Virginia Code 36-156.3
• Uniform Commercial Code: A set of statutes enacted by the various states to provide consistency among the states' commercial laws. It includes negotiable instruments, sales, stock transfers, trust and warehouse receipts, and bills of lading. ^{Source: OCC}
• Uniformed service: means :

  a. See Virginia Code 24.2-452

• Uniformed-service voter: means an individual who is qualified to vote and is:

  a. See Virginia Code 24.2-452

• United States: shall be deemed to refer to the United States of America and to include any of its territories, commonwealths, insular possessions, the District of Columbia, and any of its other political subdivisions other than states. See Virginia Code 8.01-385
• United States: includes district, authority, bureau, commission, department, and any other agency of the United States. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• United States: includes any district, authority, bureau, commission, department, or any other agency of the United States. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• University: means any baccalaureate institution of higher education. See Virginia Code 23.1-213
• Unrestricted voting trust beneficial owner: means , with respect to any shareholder rights, a voting trust beneficial owner whose entitlement to exercise the shareholder right in question is not inconsistent with the voting trust agreement. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• User fees: Fees charged to users of goods or services provided by the government. In levying or authorizing these fees, the legislature determines whether the revenue should go into the treasury or should be available to the agency providing the goods or services.
• Usury: Charging an illegally high interest rate on a loan. ^{Source: OCC}
• Utility pole: means a structure owned, operated, or owned and operated by a public utility, local government, or the Commonwealth that is designed specifically for and used to carry lines, cables, or wires for communications, cable television, or electricity. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.3
• Valid shares: means the shares of any class or series of the corporation that have been duly authorized and validly issued in accordance with this chapter, including as a result of ratification or validation under this article. See Virginia Code 13.1-614.1
• Variable Rate: Having a "variable" rate means that the APR changes from time to time based on fluctuations in an external rate, normally the Prime Rate. This external rate is known as the "index." If the index changes, the variable rate normally changes. Also see Fixed Rate.
• Variance: means , in the application of a zoning ordinance, a reasonable deviation from those provisions regulating the shape, size, or area of a lot or parcel of land or the size, height, area, bulk, or location of a building or structure when the strict application of the ordinance would unreasonably restrict the utilization of the property, and such need for a variance would not be shared generally by other properties, and provided such variance is not contrary to the purpose of the ordinance. See Virginia Code 15.2-2201
• Vending stand: means an installation in any public or private building for the sale of newspapers, periodicals, confections, tobacco products, soft drinks, ice cream, wrapped foods and such other articles as may be approved by the custodian thereof and the Department. See Virginia Code 51.5-60
• Veto: The procedure established under the Constitution by which the President/Governor refuses to approve a bill or joint resolution and thus prevents its enactment into law. A regular veto occurs when the President/Governor returns the legislation to the house in which it originated. The President/Governor usually returns a vetoed bill with a message indicating his reasons for rejecting the measure. In Congress, the veto can be overridden only by a two-thirds vote in both the Senate and the House.
• Victim Impact Statement: A written or spoken statement by the victim or his or her representative about the physical, emotional, and financial impact of a crime on the victim. The statement is given to the court before sentencing.
• Victim of sexual assault: means any person who undergoes a forensic medical examination for the collection of a physical evidence recovery kit connected to a sexual assault offense. See Virginia Code 19.2-11.5
• Victim of strangulation: means any person who undergoes a forensic medical examination for the collection of evidence in connection with an alleged strangulation. See Virginia Code 19.2-11.5 v2
• Video programming: means programming provided by, or generally considered comparable to, programming provided by a television broadcast station. See Virginia Code 15.2-2108.19
• Virginia bank: means a bank whose home state is Virginia. See Virginia Code 6.2-849
• Virginia bank holding company: means a bank holding company that, directly or indirectly through a subsidiary, owns or controls a bank the main office of which is located in the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 6.2-1047
• Virginia savings institution: means a savings institution, including a state savings bank, that:

  1. See Virginia Code 6.2-1148

• Virginia savings institution holding company: means a savings institution holding company, including the holding company of a state savings bank, that:

  1. See Virginia Code 6.2-1148

• Virginia Scenic Rivers System: means those rivers or sections of rivers designated as a scenic river by an act of the General Assembly. See Virginia Code 10.1-400
• Virginia state bank: means a bank chartered under the laws of the Commonwealth and permitted to engage in the trust business pursuant to § 6. See Virginia Code 6.2-1065
• Virginia state bank: means a bank chartered under the laws of Virginia. See Virginia Code 6.2-836
• Virginia state bank: has the meaning assigned to it in § 6. See Virginia Code 6.2-849
• Virginia student: means any student who has established domicile in the Commonwealth pursuant to § 23. See Virginia Code 23.1-100
• Voice vote: A vote in which the Presiding Officer states the question, then asks those in favor and against to say "Yea" or "Nay," respectively, and announces the result according to his or her judgment. The names or numbers of legisators voting on each side are not recorded.
• Voir dire: The process by which judges and lawyers select a petit jury from among those eligible to serve, by questioning them to determine knowledge of the facts of the case and a willingness to decide the case only on the evidence presented in court. "Voir dire" is a phrase meaning "to speak the truth."
• voter registration system: means the automated central record-keeping system for all voters registered within the Commonwealth that is maintained as provided in Article 2 (§ 24. See Virginia Code 24.2-101
• Voting group: means all members of one or more classes that under the articles of incorporation or this chapter are entitled to vote and be counted together collectively on a matter at a meeting of members. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Voting group: means all shares of one or more classes or series that under the articles of incorporation or this chapter are entitled to vote and be counted together collectively on a matter at a meeting of shareholders. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Voting power: means the current power to vote in the election of directors. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Voting power: means the current power to vote in the election of directors. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Voting trust beneficial owner: means an owner of a beneficial interest in shares of the corporation held in a voting trust established pursuant to subsection A of § 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• Water: means water used in a mining operation. See Virginia Code 45.2-1300
• Winter sport: means a recreational or sporting activity, including sliding, jumping, walking, or traveling on a winter sports area trail for alpine skiing; Nordic skiing; telemark skiing; freestyle skiing; snowboarding; freestyle snowboarding; snowshoeing; tobogganing; sledding; or use of a snowmobile, minibob, snowbike, or comparable device; or any similar activity or use of a device that takes place at any time of the year on natural snow, man-made snow, ice, synthetic snow, synthetic ice, or any other synthetic surface, including a competition or the use of any device by a disabled or adaptive participant for a winter sport. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Winter sports area: means all the real and personal property under control of the operator or on the premises of such property that is being occupied by the operator by fee simple, lease, license, easement, permission, or otherwise, including but not limited to any and all trails, freestyle terrain, competition terrain, passenger tramways, or other areas of real property. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Winter sports area infrastructure: means :

  1. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11

• winter sports area operator: means any person who has responsibility for the operations of a winter sports area, including its officers, directors, and employees and agents acting within the scope of their employment. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• winter sports area trail: means any slope, trail, run, freestyle terrain, or competition terrain located in a winter sports area. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Winter sports area vehicle: means a vehicle used on a winter sports area trail in the operation and maintenance of winter sports areas and competitions and includes, but is not limited to, snowmobiles, all-terrain vehicles, and any other similarly sized vehicles as well as larger maintenance vehicles such as snow grooming equipment. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• winter sports participant: means an individual of any age or physical or mental ability who is an amateur or professional invitee of the operator or a trespasser and who participates in a winter sport at the winter sports area, whether or not consideration is paid to participate in the winter sport and whether or not the participant holds a valid admission ticket for all or a portion of the winter sports area, and any employee of the operator who participates in a winter sport either as part of his employment duties or as recreation. See Virginia Code 8.01-227.11
• Wireless facility: means equipment at a fixed location that enables wireless communications between user equipment and a communications network, including (i) equipment associated with wireless services, such as private, broadcast, and public safety services, as well as unlicensed wireless services and fixed wireless services, such as microwave backhaul, and (ii) radio transceivers, antennas, coaxial, or fiber-optic cable, regular and backup power supplies, and comparable equipment, regardless of technological configuration. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.3
• Wireless infrastructure provider: means any person that builds or installs transmission equipment, wireless facilities, or wireless support structures, but that is not a wireless services provider. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.3
• Wireless services: means (i) "personal wireless services" as defined in 47 U. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.3
• Wireless services provider: means a provider of wireless services. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.3
• Wireless support structure: means a freestanding structure, such as a monopole, tower, either guyed or self-supporting, or suitable existing structure or alternative structure designed to support or capable of supporting wireless facilities. See Virginia Code 15.2-2316.3
• Withdrawal: includes payment to a third person pursuant to check or other directive of a party. See Virginia Code 6.2-604
• Withdrawal value: means the amount credited to an account less lawful deductions therefrom, as shown by the records of the savings institution. See Virginia Code 6.2-1100
• Work-related injury: means an injury, as such term is defined in § 65. See Virginia Code 51.1-1100
• Work-related injury: means an injury, as such term is defined in § 65. See Virginia Code 51.1-1150
• Worker: means an individual employed by a worker cooperative. See Virginia Code 13.1-346
• Worker cooperative: means a corporation incorporated under the provisions of Article 3 (§ 13. See Virginia Code 13.1-346
• Working waterfront: means an area or structure on, over, or adjacent to navigable waters that provides access to the water and is used for water-dependent commercial, industrial, or governmental activities, including commercial and recreational fishing; tourism; aquaculture; boat and ship building, repair, and services; seafood processing and sales; transportation; shipping; marine construction; and military activities. See Virginia Code 15.2-2201
• Working waterfront development area: means an area containing one or more working waterfronts having economic, cultural, or historic public value of such significance as to warrant development and reparation. See Virginia Code 15.2-2201
• Writ: A formal written command, issued from the court, requiring the performance of a specific act.
• Writ of certiorari: An order issued by the Supreme Court directing the lower court to transmit records for a case for which it will hear on appeal.
• written: means any information in the form of a document. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• written: means any information in the form of a document. See Virginia Code 13.1-603
• wrongfully incarcerated: means incarceration for a felony conviction for which (i) the conviction has been vacated pursuant to Chapter 19. See Virginia Code 8.01-195.10