Chapter 201 General Provisions
Chapter 203 Arrest and Commitment
Chapter 204 Rewards for Information Concerning Terrorist Acts and Espionage
Chapter 205 Searches and Seizures
Chapter 206 Pen Registers and Trap and Trace Devices
Chapter 207 Release and Detention Pending Judicial Proceedings
Chapter 208 Speedy Trial
Chapter 209 Extradition
Chapter 211 Jurisdiction and Venue
Chapter 212 Military Extraterritorial Jurisdiction
Chapter 212A Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Over Certain Offenses
Chapter 213 Limitations
Chapter 215 Grand Jury
Chapter 216 Special Grand Jury
Chapter 217 Indictment and Information
Chapter 219 Trial by United States Magistrate Judges
Chapter 221 Arraignment, Pleas and Trial
Chapter 223 Witnesses and Evidence
Chapter 224 Protection of Witnesses
Chapter 225 Verdict
Chapter 227 Sentences
Chapter 228 Death Sentence
Chapter 228A Post-Conviction DNA Testing
Chapter 229 Postsentence Administration
Chapter 232 Miscellaneous Sentencing Provisions
Chapter 232A Special Forfeiture of Collateral Profits of Crime
Chapter 233 Contempts
Chapter 235 Appeal
Chapter 237 Crime Victims’ Rights
Chapter 238 Sexual Assault Survivors’ Rights

Terms Used In U.S. Code > Title 18 > Part II - Criminal Procedure

  • Abstract of judgment: In a federal criminal proceeding, A certification from a U.S. District Court clerk that a judgment of restitution was entered against the defendant owing to the victim. If the defendant inherits, owns, or sells real property or holdings, these assets can then be attached at the state and local levels as well.
  • Acquittal:
    1. Judgement that a criminal defendant has not been proved guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.
    2. A verdict of "not guilty."
     
  • act of espionage: means an activity that is a violation of&mdash. See 18 USC 3077
  • act of terrorism: means an act of domestic or international terrorism as defined in section 2331. See 18 USC 3077
  • Adjourn: A motion to adjourn a legislative chamber or a committee, if passed, ends that day's session.
  • Administrator: means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency. See 15 USC 2602
  • Administrator: means the Administrator, Bonneville Power Administration. See 16 USC 838a
  • Administratrix: The female counterpart of an administrator. See also
  • affecting commerce: means in commerce, or burdening or obstructing commerce or the free flow of commerce, or having led or tending to lead to a labor dispute burdening or obstructing commerce or the free flow of commerce. See 29 USC 152
  • affiliate: means any one of two or more persons if one of such persons has actual or legal control, directly or indirectly, whether by stock ownership or otherwise, of the other or others of such persons. See 27 USC 211
  • agency: includes any department, independent establishment, commission, administration, authority, board or bureau of the United States or any corporation in which the United States has a proprietary interest, unless the context shows that such term was intended to be used in a more limited sense. See 28 USC 451
  • Agency: means the Central Intelligence Agency. See 50 USC 3501
  • agency: includes any department, independent establishment, commission, administration, authority, board or bureau of the United States or any corporation in which the United States has a proprietary interest, unless the context shows that such term was intended to be used in a more limited sense. See 18 USC 6
  • Agency: means the Federal Housing Finance Agency, established under section 4511 of this title. See 12 USC 1422
  • agency: means &mdash. See 28 USC 2341
  • agricultural commodity: means any agricultural commodity, food, feed, fiber, or livestock (including livestock as it is defined in section 1471(2) of this title and insects), and any product thereof. See 7 USC 5602
  • Agriculture: includes farming in all its branches and among other things includes the cultivation and tillage of the soil, dairying, the production, cultivation, growing, and harvesting of any agricultural or horticultural commodities (including commodities defined as agricultural commodities in section 1141j(g) 2 of title 12), the raising of livestock, bees, fur-bearing animals, or poultry, and any practices (including any forestry or lumbering operations) performed by a farmer or on a farm as an incident to or in conjunction with such farming operations, including preparation for market, delivery to storage or to market or to carriers for transportation to market. See 29 USC 203
  • Alaska Railroad: means the agency of the United States Government that is operated by the Department of Transportation as a rail carrier in Alaska under authority of the Act of March 12, 1914 (43 U. See 45 USC 1202
  • Alaska Railroad Revolving Fund: means the public enterprise fund maintained by the Department of the Treasury into which revenues of the Alaska Railroad and appropriations for the Alaska Railroad are deposited, and from which funds are expended for Alaska Railroad operation, maintenance and construction work authorized by law. See 45 USC 1202
  • alcoholic beverage: includes any beverage in liquid form which contains not less than one-half of one percent of alcohol by volume and is intended for human consumption. See 27 USC 214
  • alternative energy facility: means a facility for producing electrical or thermal energy if the primary energy source for the facility is not oil, natural gas, coal, or nuclear power. See 26 USC 7701
  • American vessel: includes any vessel which is documented or numbered under the laws of the United States. See 29 USC 203
  • Amortization: Paying off a loan by regular installments.
  • Appellate: About appeals; an appellate court has the power to review the judgement of another lower court or tribunal.
  • appropriate congressional committees: means the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives, or, where required by law for certain reporting purposes, the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate and the Select 1 Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives. See 50 USC 2204
  • Archivist: means the Archivist of the United States. See 44 USC 2901
  • Armed Forces: has the meaning given the term "armed forces" in section 101(a)(4) of title 10. See 18 USC 3267
  • armed forces: shall be deemed to include the Army, the Navy, the Marine Corps, the Air Force, and the Coast Guard. See 50 USC 3814
  • Arraignment: A proceeding in which an individual who is accused of committing a crime is brought into court, told of the charges, and asked to plead guilty or not guilty.
  • atomic energy: means all forms of energy released in the course of nuclear fission or nuclear transformation. See 50 USC 47f
  • atomic weapon: means any device utilizing atomic energy, exclusive of the means for transporting or propelling the device (where such means is a separable and divisible part of the device), the principal purpose of which is for use as, or for development of, a weapon, a weapon prototype, or a weapon test device. See 50 USC 47f
  • Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.
  • attorney for the Government: has the meaning given such term for the purposes of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. See 18 USC 3127
  • Attorney General: means the Attorney General of the United States. See 26 USC 7701
  • Attorney General: means the Attorney General of the United States or that official designated by the Attorney General to perform the Attorney General's responsibilities under this chapter. See 18 USC 3077
  • Bacon-Davis Act: means the Act entitled "An Act to amend the Act approved March 3, 1931, relating to the rate of wages for laborers and mechanics employed by contractors and subcontractors on public buildings" approved August 30, 1935 (49 Stat. See 29 USC 262
  • Bail: Security given for the release of a criminal defendant or witness from legal custody (usually in the form of money) to secure his/her appearance on the day and time appointed.
  • Bailiff: a court officer who enforces the rules of behavior in courtrooms.
  • Bank: means a bank established under the authority of this chapter. See 12 USC 1422
  • bankruptcy court: means the court having jurisdiction over the reorganization of the Milwaukee Railroad. See 45 USC 902
  • Board: means the Railroad Retirement Board. See 45 USC 902
  • Board: means the Railroad Retirement Board. See 45 USC 1002
  • Board of Directors: means the Board of Directors of the Corporation. See 12 USC 1451
  • bottle: means any container, irrespective of the material from which made, for use for the sale of distilled spirits, wine, or malt beverages at retail. See 27 USC 211
  • bottle: means to fill a container with an alcoholic beverage and to seal such container. See 27 USC 214
  • bottler: means a person who bottles an alcoholic beverage. See 27 USC 214
  • Capital offense: A crime punishable by death.
  • Case law: The law as laid down in cases that have been decided in the decisions of the courts.
  • Chambers: A judge's office.
  • chemical substance: means any organic or inorganic substance of a particular molecular identity, including&mdash. See 15 USC 2602
  • Civil forfeiture: The loss of ownership of property used to conduct illegal activity.
  • claim of valid existing rights: means any claim to the rail properties of the Alaska Railroad on record in the Department of the Interior as of January 13, 1983. See 45 USC 1202
  • clerk: means the clerk of the court in which the petition for the review of an order, reviewable under this chapter, is filed. See 28 USC 2341
  • Clerk of court: An officer appointed by the court to work with the chief judge in overseeing the court's administration, especially to assist in managing the flow of cases through the court and to maintain court records.
  • cogeneration facility: means a facility which uses the same energy source for the sequential generation of electrical or mechanical power in combination with steam, heat, or other forms of useful energy. See 26 USC 7701
  • commerce: means trade, traffic, transportation, or other commerce (A) between a place in a State and any place outside of such State, or (B) which affects trade, traffic, transportation, or commerce described in clause (A). See 15 USC 2602
  • commerce: means -

    (A) commerce between any State, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Wake Island, the Midway Islands, Kingman Reef, or Johnston Island and any place outside thereof. See 27 USC 214

  • commerce: means trade, traffic, commerce, transportation, or communication among the several States, or between the District of Columbia or any Territory of the United States and any State or other Territory, or between any foreign country and any State, Territory, or the District of Columbia, or within the District of Columbia or any Territory, or between points in the same State but through any other State or any Territory or the District of Columbia or any foreign country. See 29 USC 152
  • Commerce: means trade, commerce, transportation, transmission, or communication among the several States or between any State and any place outside thereof. See 29 USC 203
  • Commission: means the Interstate Commerce Commission. See 45 USC 902
  • Commission: means the Interstate Commerce Commission. See 45 USC 1002
  • Commission: means the United States Sentencing Commission. See 28 USC 998
  • Commissioner: means the Commissioner of the Administration on Children, Youth, and Families, as established under section 12311 of this title. See 42 USC 12302
  • Commissioner: means the Commissioner of Internal Revenue. See 26 USC 7701
  • Commissioner: means the Commissioner of Internal Revenue. See 26 USC 7701
  • common carrier: as used in this chapter shall include the receiver or receivers or other persons or corporations charged with the duty of the management and operation of the business of a common carrier. See 45 USC 57
  • Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
  • Conference: shall mean the Judicial Conference of the United States. See 28 USC 639
  • container: means the innermost sealed container irrespective of the material from which made, in which an alcoholic beverage is placed by the bottler and in which such beverage is offered for sale to members of the general public. See 27 USC 214
  • conventional mortgage: means a mortgage other than a mortgage as to which the Corporation has the benefit of any guaranty, insurance or other obligation by the United States or any of its agencies or instrumentalities. See 12 USC 1451
  • corporation: includes associations, joint-stock companies, and insurance companies. See 26 USC 7701
  • Corporation: means the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation created by this chapter. See 12 USC 1451
  • Council: shall mean the Judicial Council of the Circuit. See 28 USC 639
  • Counterclaim: A claim that a defendant makes against a plaintiff.
  • counterintelligence: means information gathered, and activities conducted, to protect against espionage, other intelligence activities, sabotage, or assassinations conducted by or on behalf of foreign governments or elements thereof, foreign organizations, or foreign persons, or international terrorist activities. See 50 USC 3003
  • county: as used in this subchapter may be the entire area, or any subdivision thereof as may be determined by the Secretary, and payments under section 1012 of this title shall be made to the Governor or to the fiscal agent of such subdivision. See 7 USC 1013a
  • court of competent jurisdiction: means &mdash. See 18 USC 3127
  • court of the United States: includes the Supreme Court of the United States, courts of appeals, district courts constituted by chapter 5 of this title, including the Court of International Trade and any court created by Act of Congress the judges of which are entitled to hold office during good behavior. See 28 USC 451
  • court of the United States: means any court of the United States whose jurisdiction has been or may be conferred or defined or limited by Act of Congress, including the courts of the District of Columbia. See 29 USC 113
  • courts: includes the courts of appeals and district courts of the United States, the United States District Court for the District of the Canal Zone, the District Court of Guam, the District Court of the Virgin Islands, the United States Court of Federal Claims, and the Court of International Trade. See 28 USC 610
  • courts: include the Supreme Court of the United States and the courts enumerated in section 610 of this title. See 28 USC 963
  • Credit Score: A number, roughly between 300 and 800, that measures an individual's credit worthiness. The most well-known type of credit score is the FICO score. This score represents the answer from a mathematical formula that assigns numerical values to various pieces of information in your credit report. Source: OCC
  • date of transfer: means the date on which the Secretary delivers to the State the four documents referred to in section 1203(b)(1) of this title. See 45 USC 1202
  • Decedent: A deceased person.
  • department: means one of the executive departments enumerated in section 1 of Title 5, unless the context shows that such term was intended to describe the executive, legislative, or judicial branches of the government. See 28 USC 451
  • department: means one of the executive departments enumerated in section 1 of Title 5, unless the context shows that such term was intended to describe the executive, legislative, or judicial branches of the government. See 18 USC 6
  • Department of the Air Force: as used in this chapter shall be construed to mean the Department of the Air Force at the seat of the government and all field headquarters, forces, reserve components, installations, activities, and functions under the control or supervision of the Department of the Air Force. See 50 USC 3004
  • Department of the Army: as used in this chapter shall be construed to mean the Department of the Army at the seat of the government and all field headquarters, forces, reserve components, installations, activities, and functions under the control or supervision of the Department of the Army. See 50 USC 3004
  • Department of the Navy: as used in this chapter shall be construed to mean the Department of the Navy at the seat of the government. See 50 USC 3004
  • Director: means the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. See 50 USC 3501
  • Director: shall be deemed to mean the Director of the Selective Service System. See 50 USC 3814
  • Director: means the Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency. See 12 USC 1422
  • Director: shall mean the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts. See 28 USC 639
  • Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. Source:
  • distilled spirits: means ethyl alcohol, hydrated oxide of ethyl, spirits of wine, whiskey, rum, brandy, gin, and other distilled spirits, including all dilutions and mixtures thereof, for non-industrial use. See 27 USC 211
  • distribution: include sampling or any other distribution not for sale. See 27 USC 214
  • distribution in commerce: when used to describe an action taken with respect to a chemical substance or mixture or article containing a substance or mixture mean to sell, or the sale of, the substance, mixture, or article in commerce. See 15 USC 2602
  • district court of the United States: shall be deemed to include the courts of the United States for the Territories and possessions of the United States. See 50 USC 3814
  • domestic: when applied to a corporation or partnership means created or organized in the United States or under the law of the United States or of any State unless, in the case of a partnership, the Secretary provides otherwise by regulations. See 26 USC 7701
  • domestic: when applied to a corporation or partnership means created or organized in the United States or under the law of the United States or of any State unless, in the case of a partnership, the Secretary provides otherwise by regulations. See 26 USC 7701
  • domestic building and loan association: means a domestic building and loan association, a domestic savings and loan association, and a Federal savings and loan association&mdash. See 26 USC 7701
  • Donee: The recipient of a gift.
  • economic substance doctrine: means the common law doctrine under which tax benefits under subtitle A with respect to a transaction are not allowable if the transaction does not have economic substance or lacks a business purpose. See 26 USC 7701
  • electric power: means electric peaking capacity or electric energy, or both. See 16 USC 838a
  • Electronic funds transfer: The transfer of money between accounts by consumer electronic systems-such as automated teller machines (ATMs) and electronic payment of bills-rather than by check or cash. (Wire transfers, checks, drafts, and paper instruments do not fall into this category.) Source: OCC
  • electronic messages: means electronic mail and other electronic messaging systems that are used for purposes of communicating between individuals. See 44 USC 2901
  • Embezzlement: In most states, embezzlement is defined as theft/larceny of assets (money or property) by a person in a position of trust or responsibility over those assets. Embezzlement typically occurs in the employment and corporate settings. Source: OCC
  • Employ: includes to suffer or permit to work. See 29 USC 203
  • employee: shall include a full-time life insurance salesman who is considered an employee for the purpose of chapter 21. See 26 USC 7701
  • employee: includes any employee of the Rock Island Railroad as of August 1, 1979, but does not include any individual serving as president, vice-president, secretary, treasurer, comptroller, counsel, member of the board of directors, or any other person performing such functions. See 45 USC 1002
  • employee: means any individual employed by an employer. See 29 USC 203
  • employee: shall include any employee, and shall not be limited to the employees of a particular employer, unless this subchapter explicitly states otherwise, and shall include any individual whose work has ceased as a consequence of, or in connection with, any current labor dispute or because of any unfair labor practice, and who has not obtained any other regular and substantially equivalent employment, but shall not include any individual employed as an agricultural laborer, or in the domestic service of any family or person at his home, or any individual employed by his parent or spouse, or any individual having the status of an independent contractor, or any individual employed as a supervisor, or any individual employed by an employer subject to the Railway Labor Act [45 U. See 29 USC 152
  • Employee in fire protection activities: means an employee, including a firefighter, paramedic, emergency medical technician, rescue worker, ambulance personnel, or hazardous materials worker, who&mdash. See 29 USC 203
  • Employee of the government: includes (1) officers or employees of any federal agency, members of the military or naval forces of the United States, members of the National Guard while engaged in training or duty under section 115, 316, 502, 503, 504, or 505 of title 32, and persons acting on behalf of a federal agency in an official capacity, temporarily or permanently in the service of the United States, whether with or without compensation, and (2) any officer or employee of a Federal public defender organization, except when such officer or employee performs professional services in the course of providing representation under section 3006A of title 18. See 28 USC 2671
  • employees: means all permanent personnel employed by the Alaska Railroad on the date of transfer, including the officers of the Alaska Railroad, unless otherwise indicated in this chapter. See 45 USC 1202
  • Employer: includes any person acting directly or indirectly in the interest of an employer in relation to an employee and includes a public agency, but does not include any labor organization (other than when acting as an employer) or anyone acting in the capacity of officer or agent of such labor organization. See 29 USC 203
  • employer: includes any person acting as an agent of an employer, directly or indirectly, but shall not include the United States or any wholly owned Government corporation, or any Federal Reserve Bank, or any State or political subdivision thereof, or any person subject to the Railway Labor Act [45 U. See 29 USC 152
  • En banc: In the bench or "full bench." Refers to court sessions with the entire membership of a court participating rather than the usual quorum. U.S. courts of appeals usually sit in panels of three judges, but may expand to a larger number in certain cases. They are then said to be sitting en banc.
  • enemy: means any country, government, group, or person that has been engaged in hostilities, whether or not lawfully authorized, with the United States. See 50 USC 2204
  • enrolled actuary: means a person who is enrolled by the Joint Board for the Enrollment of Actuaries established under subtitle C of the title III of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974. See 26 USC 7701
  • Enterprise: means the related activities performed (either through unified operation or common control) by any person or persons for a common business purpose, and includes all such activities whether performed in one or more establishments or by one or more corporate or other organizational units including departments of an establishment operated through leasing arrangements, but shall not include the related activities performed for such enterprise by an independent contractor. See 29 USC 203
  • Enterprise engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce: means an enterprise that&mdash. See 29 USC 203
  • Escheat: Reversion of real or personal property to the state when 1) a person dies without leaving a will and has no heirs, or 2) when the property (such as a bank account) has been inactive for a certain period of time. Source: OCC
  • Escrow: Money given to a third party to be held for payment until certain conditions are met.
  • exchanged basis property: means property having a basis determined under any provision of subtitle A (or under any corresponding provision of prior income tax law) providing that the basis shall be determined in whole or in part by reference to other property held at any time by the person for whom the basis is to be determined. See 26 USC 7701
  • exclusive-use easement: means an easement which affords to the easement holder the following:

    (A) the exclusive right to use, possess, and enjoy the surface estate of the land subject to this easement for transportation, communication, and transmission purposes and for support functions associated with such purposes. See 45 USC 1202

  • Executor: A male person named in a will to carry out the decedent
  • Executrix: The female counterpart of an executor. See also
  • Extradition: The formal process of delivering an accused or convicted person from authorities in one state to authorities in another state.
  • Fair Credit Reporting Act: A federal law, established in 1971 and revised in 1997, that gives consumers the right to see their credit records and correct any mistakes. Source: OCC
  • family resource and support programs: means community-based services that offer sustained assistance to families at various stages in their development. See 42 USC 12352
  • Federal agency: means any executive agency or any establishment in the legislative or judicial branch of the Government (except the Supreme Court, the Senate, the House of Representatives, and the Architect of the Capitol and any activities under the direction of the Architect of the Capitol). See 44 USC 2901
  • Federal agency: includes the executive departments, the judicial and legislative branches, the military departments, independent establishments of the United States, and corporations primarily acting as instrumentalities or agencies of the United States, but does not include any contractor with the United States. See 28 USC 2671
  • Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation: A government corporation that insures the deposits of all national and state banks that are members of the Federal Reserve System. Source: OCC
  • Federal electronic information: means Federal public information stored electronically. See 44 USC 4104
  • Federal health care offense: means a violation of, or a criminal conspiracy to violate--

    (1) section 669, 1035, 1347, or 1518 of this title or section 1128B of the Social Security Act (42 U. See

  • Federal public defender: An attorney employed by the federal courts on a full-time basis to provide legal defense to defendants who are unable to afford counsel. The judiciary administers the federal defender program pursuant to the Criminal Justice Act. Source: U.S. Courts
  • Federal Reserve System: The central bank of the United States. The Fed, as it is commonly called, regulates the U.S. monetary and financial system. The Federal Reserve System is composed of a central governmental agency in Washington, D.C. (the Board of Governors) and twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks in major cities throughout the United States. Source: OCC
  • Fee simple: Absolute title to property with no limitations or restrictions regarding the person who may inherit it.
  • fiduciary: means a guardian, trustee, executor, administrator, receiver, conservator, or any person acting in any fiduciary capacity for any person. See 26 USC 7701
  • fiduciary: means a guardian, trustee, executor, administrator, receiver, conservator, or any person acting in any fiduciary capacity for any person. See 26 USC 7701
  • financial institution: means --

    (1) an insured depository institution (as defined in section 3(c)(2) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act). See

  • fiscal year: means an accounting period of 12 months ending on the last day of any month other than December. See 26 USC 7701
  • fiscal year: means an accounting period of 12 months ending on the last day of any month other than December. See 26 USC 7701
  • Fixed Rate: Having a "fixed" rate means that the APR doesn't change based on fluctuations of some external rate (such as the "Prime Rate"). In other words, a fixed rate is a rate that is not a variable rate. A fixed APR can change over time, in several circumstances:
    • You are late making a payment or commit some other default, triggering an increase to a penalty rate
    • The bank changes the terms of your account and you do not reject the change.
    • The rate expires (if the rate was fixed for only a certain period of time).
  • Forbearance: A means of handling a delinquent loan. A
  • Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. Source: OCC
  • foreign: when applied to a corporation or partnership means a corporation or partnership which is not domestic. See 26 USC 7701
  • foreign estate: means an estate the income of which, from sources without the United States which is not effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States, is not includible in gross income under subtitle A. See 26 USC 7701
  • foreign government: as used in this title except in sections 112, 878, 970, 1116, and 1201, includes any government, faction, or body of insurgents within a country with which the United States is at peace, irrespective of recognition by the United States. See
  • foreign government-related individual: means any individual temporarily present in the United States by reason of&mdash. See 26 USC 7701
  • Freedom of Information Act: A federal law that mandates that all the records created and kept by federal agencies in the executive branch of government must be open for public inspection and copying. The only exceptions are those records that fall into one of nine exempted categories listed in the statute. Source: OCC
  • Full-time magistrate judge: shall mean a full-time United States magistrate judge. See 28 USC 639
  • Goods: means goods (including ships and marine equipment), wares, products, commodities, merchandise, or articles or subjects of commerce of any character, or any part or ingredient thereof, but does not include goods after their delivery into the actual physical possession of the ultimate consumer thereof other than a producer, manufacturer, or processor thereof. See 29 USC 203
  • Government agency: means any executive department, commission, council, independent establishment, corporation wholly or partly owned by the United States which is an instrumentality of the United States, board, bureau, division, service, office, officer, authority, administration, or other establishment, in the executive branch of the Government. See 50 USC 3501
  • Grace period: The number of days you'll have to pay your bill for purchases in full without triggering a finance charge. Source: Federal Reserve
  • Grand jury: agreement providing that a lender will delay exercising its rights (in the case of a mortgage,
  • Gross estate: The total fair market value of all property and property interests, real and personal, tangible and intangible, of which a decedent had beneficial ownership at the time of death before subtractions for deductions, debts, administrative expenses, and casualty losses suffered during estate administration.
  • Guarantor: A party who agrees to be responsible for the payment of another party's debts should that party default. Source: OCC
  • guidance: means any significant written guidance of general applicability prepared by the Administrator. See 15 USC 2602
  • guidelines: means the guidelines promulgated by the Commission pursuant to section 994(a) of this title. See 28 USC 998
  • Habeas corpus: A writ that is usually used to bring a prisoner before the court to determine the legality of his imprisonment. It may also be used to bring a person in custody before the court to give testimony, or to be prosecuted.
  • health: includes , but is not limited to, the prevention of accidents. See 27 USC 214
  • health care institution: shall include any hospital, convalescent hospital, health maintenance organization, health clinic, nursing home, extended care facility, or other institution devoted to the care of sick, infirm, or aged person. See 29 USC 152
  • Hearsay: Statements by a witness who did not see or hear the incident in question but heard about it from someone else. Hearsay is usually not admissible as evidence in court.
  • Impeachment: (1) The process of calling something into question, as in "impeaching the testimony of a witness." (2) The constitutional process whereby the House of Representatives may "impeach" (accuse of misconduct) high officers of the federal government for trial in the Senate.
  • In forma pauperis: In the manner of a pauper. Permission given to a person to sue without payment of court fees on claim of indigence or poverty.
  • including: when used in a definition contained in this title shall not be deemed to exclude other things otherwise within the meaning of the term defined. See 26 USC 7701
  • Indemnification: In general, a collateral contract or assurance under which one person agrees to secure another person against either anticipated financial losses or potential adverse legal consequences. Source: FDIC
  • independent State body: means the entity established under section 12336 of this title. See 42 USC 12332
  • Indictment: The formal charge issued by a grand jury stating that there is enough evidence that the defendant committed the crime to justify having a trial; it is used primarily for felonies.
  • individual retirement plan: means &mdash. See 26 USC 7701
  • Industry: means a trade, business, industry, or other activity, or branch or group thereof, in which individuals are gainfully employed. See 29 USC 203
  • industry affecting commerce: means any industry or activity in commerce or in which a labor dispute would burden or obstruct commerce or tend to burden or obstruct commerce or the free flow of commerce. See 29 USC 142
  • Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
  • Intangible property: Property that has no intrinsic value, but is merely the evidence of value such as stock certificates, bonds, and promissory notes.
  • intelligence: includes foreign intelligence and counterintelligence. See 50 USC 3003
  • intelligence community: includes the following:

    (A) The Office of the Director of National Intelligence. See 50 USC 3003

  • Interest rate: The amount paid by a borrower to a lender in exchange for the use of the lender's money for a certain period of time. Interest is paid on loans or on debt instruments, such as notes or bonds, either at regular intervals or as part of a lump sum payment when the issue matures. Source: OCC
  • international organization: means a public international organization entitled to enjoy privileges, exemptions, and immunities as an international organization under the International Organizations Immunities Act (22 U. See 26 USC 7701
  • international organization: means a public international organization entitled to enjoy privileges, exemptions, and immunities as an international organization under the International Organizations Immunities Act (22 U. See 26 USC 7701
  • Interrogatories: Written questions asked by one party of an opposing party, who must answer them in writing under oath; a discovery device in a lawsuit.
  • interstate commerce: as used in this title , includes commerce between one State, Territory, Possession, or the District of Columbia and another State, Territory, Possession, or the District of Columbia. See
  • interstate or foreign commerce: means commerce between any State and any place outside thereof, or commerce within any Territory or the District of Columbia, or between points within the same State but through any place outside thereof. See 27 USC 211
  • joint return: means a single return made jointly under section 6013 by a husband and wife. See 26 USC 7701
  • judicial district: means the districts enumerated in Chapter 5 of this title. See 28 USC 451
  • judicial officer: means a United States district court judge or a United States magistrate judge. See 28 USC 482
  • Jurisprudence: The study of law and the structure of the legal system.
  • labor dispute: includes any controversy concerning terms or conditions of employment, or concerning the association or representation of persons in negotiating, fixing, maintaining, changing, or seeking to arrange terms or conditions of employment, regardless of whether or not the disputants stand in the proximate relation of employer and employee. See 29 USC 113
  • labor dispute: includes any controversy concerning terms, tenure or conditions of employment, or concerning the association or representation of persons in negotiating, fixing, maintaining, changing, or seeking to arrange terms or conditions of employment, regardless of whether the disputants stand in the proximate relation of employer and employee. See 29 USC 152
  • labor organization: means any organization of any kind, or any agency or employee representation committee or plan, in which employees participate and which exists for the purpose, in whole or in part, of dealing with employers concerning grievances, labor disputes, wages, rates of pay, hours of employment, or conditions of work. See 29 USC 152
  • law: includes any law of the United States or of any State (including any rule of law or of equity). See 12 USC 1451
  • Law clerk: Assist judges with research and drafting of opinions.
  • Legacy: A gift of property made by will.
  • Legatee: A beneficiary of a decedent
  • Legislative session: That part of a chamber's daily session in which it considers legislative business (bills, resolutions, and actions related thereto).
  • levy: includes the power of distraint and seizure by any means. See 26 USC 7701
  • levy: includes the power of distraint and seizure by any means. See 26 USC 7701
  • Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
  • Lineal descendant: Direct descendant of the same ancestors.
  • local board: shall be deemed to include an intercounty local board in the case of any registrant who is subject to the jurisdiction of an intercounty local board. See 50 USC 3814
  • magistrate judge: shall mean both full-time and part-time United States magistrate judges. See 28 USC 639
  • Magistrate judges: Judicial officers who assist U.S. district judges in getting cases ready for trial, who may decide some criminal and civil trials when both parties agree to have the case heard by a magistrate judge instead of a judge.
  • manufacture: means to import into the customs territory of the United States (as defined in general note 2 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States), produce, or manufacture. See 15 USC 2602
  • Markup: The process by which congressional committees and subcommittees debate, amend, and rewrite proposed legislation.
  • marriage: means only a legal union between one man and one woman as husband and wife, and the word "spouse" refers only to a person of the opposite sex who is a husband or a wife. See 1 USC 7
  • member: means any institution which has subscribed for the stock of a Federal Home Loan Bank. See 12 USC 1422
  • member of the former ruling family: means (1) any person who was at any time between April 6, 1917, and July 2, 1921, the German Emperor or the ruler of any constituent kingdom of the German Empire, or (2) the wife or any child of such person. See 50 USC 4328
  • Milwaukee Railroad: means the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. See 45 USC 902
  • Mistrial: An invalid trial, caused by fundamental error. When a mistrial is declared, the trial must start again from the selection of the jury.
  • mixture: means any combination of two or more chemical substances if the combination does not occur in nature and is not, in whole or in part, the result of a chemical reaction. See 15 USC 2602
  • mortgage: includes such classes of liens as are commonly given or are legally effective to secure advances on, or the unpaid purchase price of, real estate under the laws of the State in which the real estate is located or a manufactured home that is personal property under the laws of the State in which the manufactured home is located together with the credit instruments, if any, secured thereby, and includes interests in mortgages. See 12 USC 1451
  • mortgage insurance program: includes , in the case of a residential mortgage secured by a manufactured home, any manufactured home lending program under title I of the National Housing Act [12 U. See 12 USC 1451
  • Mortgage loan: A loan made by a lender to a borrower for the financing of real property. Source: OCC
  • Mortgagee: The person to whom property is mortgaged and who has loaned the money.
  • Mortgagor: The person who pledges property to a creditor as collateral for a loan and who receives the money.
  • National Archives of the United States: means those official records which have been determined by the Archivist of the United States to have sufficient historical or other value to warrant their continued preservation by the Federal Government, and which have been accepted by the Archivist for deposit in the Archivist's custody. See 44 USC 2901
  • National Bank: A bank that is subject to the supervision of the Comptroller of the Currency. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency is a bureau of the U.S. Treasury Department. A national bank can be recognized because it must have "national" or "national association" in its name. Source: OCC
  • National Labor Relations Board: means the National Labor Relations Board provided for in section 153 of this title. See 29 USC 152
  • new chemical substance: means any chemical substance which is not included in the chemical substance list compiled and published under section 2607(b) of this title. See 15 USC 2602
  • Nolo contendere: No contest-has the same effect as a plea of guilty, as far as the criminal sentence is concerned, but may not be considered as an admission of guilt for any other purpose.
  • offense: means any Federal criminal offense which is in violation of any Act of Congress and is triable by any court established by Act of Congress (other than a Class B or C misdemeanor or an infraction, or an offense triable by court-martial, military commission, provost court, or other military tribunal). See 18 USC 3172
  • officers of the Alaska Railroad: means the employees occupying the following positions at the Alaska Railroad as of the day before the date of transfer: General Manager. See 45 USC 1202
  • Oppressive child labor: means a condition of employment under which (1) any employee under the age of sixteen years is employed by an employer (other than a parent or a person standing in place of a parent employing his own child or a child in his custody under the age of sixteen years in an occupation other than manufacturing or mining or an occupation found by the Secretary of Labor to be particularly hazardous for the employment of children between the ages of sixteen and eighteen years or detrimental to their health or well-being) in any occupation, or (2) any employee between the ages of sixteen and eighteen years is employed by an employer in any occupation which the Secretary of Labor shall find and by order declare to be particularly hazardous for the employment of children between such ages or detrimental to their health or well-being. See 29 USC 203
  • organization: means a person other than an individual. See 18 USC 18
  • organization: means any corporation, partnership, association, business trust, or business entity. See 12 USC 1451
  • organized unit: when used with respect to a reserve component, shall be deemed to mean a unit in which the members thereof are required satisfactorily to participate in scheduled drills and training periods as prescribed by the Secretary of Defense. See 50 USC 3814
  • Pacific Northwest: means (1) the region consisting of the States of Oregon and Washington, the State of Montana west of the Continental Divide, and such portions of the States of Nevada, Utah, and Wyoming within the Columbia drainage basin and of the State of Idaho as the Secretary may determine to be within the marketing area of the Federal Columbia River power system, and (2) any contiguous areas, not in excess of seventy-five airline miles from said region, which are a part of the service area of a rural electric cooperative served by the Administrator on December 5, 1980, which has a distribution system from which it serves both within and without said region. See 16 USC 837
  • paid or accrued: shall be construed according to the method of accounting upon the basis of which the taxable income is computed under subtitle A. See 26 USC 7701
  • Part-time magistrate judge: shall mean a part-time United States magistrate judge. See 28 USC 639
  • partner: includes a member in such a syndicate, group, pool, joint venture, or organization. See 26 USC 7701
  • partnership: includes a syndicate, group, pool, joint venture, or other unincorporated organization, through or by means of which any business, financial operation, or venture is carried on, and which is not, within the meaning of this title, a trust or estate or a corporation. See 26 USC 7701
  • pen register: means a device or process which records or decodes dialing, routing, addressing, or signaling information transmitted by an instrument or facility from which a wire or electronic communication is transmitted, provided, however, that such information shall not include the contents of any communication, but such term does not include any device or process used by a provider or customer of a wire or electronic communication service for billing, or recording as an incident to billing, for communications services provided by such provider or any device or process used by a provider or customer of a wire communication service for cost accounting or other like purposes in the ordinary course of its business. See 18 USC 3127
  • person: shall be construed to mean and include an individual, a trust, estate, partnership, association, company or corporation. See 26 USC 7701
  • person: means &mdash. See 50 USC 2204
  • person: means individual, partnership, joint stock company, business trust, association, corporation, or other form of business enterprise, including a receiver, trustee, or liquidating agent and including an officer or employee of any agency of a State or political subdivision thereof. See 27 USC 211
  • person: means an individual, partnership, joint stock company, business trust, association, corporation, or any other business or legal entity, including a receiver, trustee, or liquidating agent, and also includes any State, any State agency, or any officer or employee thereof. See 27 USC 214
  • person: includes one or more individuals, labor organizations, partnerships, associations, corporations, legal representatives, trustees, trustees in cases under title 11, or receivers. See 29 USC 152
  • Person: means an individual, partnership, association, corporation, business trust, legal representative, or any organized group of persons. See 29 USC 203
  • petitioner: means the party or parties by whom a petition to review an order, reviewable under this chapter, is filed. See 28 USC 2341
  • petty offense: means a Class B misdemeanor, a Class C misdemeanor, or an infraction, for which the maximum fine is no greater than the amount set forth for such an offense in section 3571(b)(6) or (7) in the case of an individual or section 3571(c)(6) or (7) in the case of an organization. See 18 USC 19
  • Petty offense: A federal misdemeanor punishable by six months or less in prison. Source: U.S. Courts
  • Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.
  • Plea: In a criminal case, the defendant's statement pleading "guilty" or "not guilty" in answer to the charges, a declaration made in open court.
  • Plea agreement: An arrangement between the prosecutor, the defense attorney, and the defendant in which the defendant agrees to plead guilty in exchange for special considerations. Source:
  • Pleadings: Written statements of the parties in a civil case of their positions. In the federal courts, the principal pleadings are the complaint and the answer.
  • Postal Service: means the United States Postal Service established under title 39, and every officer and employee of that Service, whether or not such officer or employee has taken the oath of office. See
  • Power of attorney: A written instrument which authorizes one person to act as another's agent or attorney. The power of attorney may be for a definite, specific act, or it may be general in nature. The terms of the written power of attorney may specify when it will expire. If not, the power of attorney usually expires when the person granting it dies. Source: OCC
  • prescribe: means to prescribe by regulations or otherwise. See 12 USC 1451
  • Presentence report: A report prepared by a court's probation officer, after a person has been convicted of an offense, summarizing for the court the background information needed to determine the appropriate sentence. Source: U.S. Courts
  • Pretrial conference: A meeting of the judge and lawyers to discuss which matters should be presented to the jury, to review evidence and witnesses, to set a timetable, and to discuss the settlement of the case.
  • Pro se: A Latin term meaning "on one's own behalf"; in courts, it refers to persons who present their own cases without lawyers.
  • Probate: Proving a will
  • Probation officers: Screen applicants for pretrial release and monitor convicted offenders released under court supervision.
  • process: means the preparation of a chemical substance or mixture, after its manufacture, for distribution in commerce&mdash. See 15 USC 2602
  • Produced: means produced, manufactured, mined, handled, or in any other manner worked on in any State. See 29 USC 203
  • professional employee: means &mdash. See 29 USC 152
  • property: includes any property, whether real, personal, mixed, or otherwise, including without limitation on the generality of the foregoing choses in action and mortgages, and includes any interest in any of the foregoing. See 12 USC 1451
  • Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
  • protocols and methodologies for the development of information: means a prescription of&mdash. See 15 USC 2602
  • Public agency: means the Government of the United States. See 29 USC 203
  • Public debt: Cumulative amounts borrowed by the Treasury Department or the Federal Financing Bank from the public or from another fund or account. The public debt does not include agency debt (amounts borrowed by other agencies of the Federal Government). The total public debt is subject to a statutory limit.
  • Public defender: Represent defendants who can't afford an attorney in criminal matters.
  • qualified motor vehicle operating agreement: means any agreement with respect to a motor vehicle (including a trailer) which meets the requirements of subparagraphs (B), (C), and (D) of this paragraph. See 26 USC 7701
  • qualified solid waste disposal facility: means any facility if such facility provides solid waste disposal services for residents of part or all of 1 or more governmental units and substantially all of the solid waste processed at such facility is collected from the general public. See 26 USC 7701
  • rail properties of the Alaska Railroad: means all right, title, and interest of the United States to lands, buildings, facilities, machinery, equipment, supplies, records, rolling stock, trade names, accounts receivable, goodwill, and other real and personal property, both tangible and intangible, in which there is an interest reserved, withdrawn, appropriated, owned, administered or otherwise held or validly claimed for the Alaska Railroad by the United States or any agency or instrumentality thereof as of January 14, 1983, but excluding any such properties disposed of, and including any such properties acquired, in the ordinary course of business after that date but before the date of transfer, and also including the exclusive-use easement within the Denali National Park and Preserve conveyed to the State pursuant to this chapter and also excluding the following:

    (A) the unexercised reservation to the United States for future rights-of-way required in all patents for land taken up, entered, or located in Alaska, as provided by the Act of March 12, 1914 (43 U. See 45 USC 1202

  • recorded information: includes all traditional forms of records, regardless of physical form or characteristics, including information created, manipulated, communicated, or stored in digital or electronic form. See 44 USC 3301
  • records: has the meaning given it by section 3301 of this title. See 44 USC 2901
  • records creation: means the production or reproduction of any record. See 44 USC 2901
  • records disposition: means any activity with respect to&mdash. See 44 USC 2901
  • records maintenance and use: means any activity involving&mdash. See 44 USC 2901
  • records management: means the planning, controlling, directing, organizing, training, promoting, and other managerial activities involved with respect to records creation, records maintenance and use, and records disposition in order to achieve adequate and proper documentation of the policies and transactions of the Federal Government and effective and economical management of agency operations. See 44 USC 2901
  • Recourse: An arrangement in which a bank retains, in form or in substance, any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bank's claim on the asset. If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold, then the retention of any credit risk is recourse. Source: FDIC
  • regulated public utility: means &mdash. See 26 USC 7701
  • representatives: includes any individual or labor organization. See 29 USC 152
  • residential mortgage: is a lso deemed to include a secured loan or advance of credit the proceeds of which are intended to finance the rehabilitation, renovation, modernization, refurbishment, or improvement of properties as to which the Corporation may purchase a "residential mortgage" as defined under the first sentence of this subsection. See 12 USC 1451
  • Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.
  • right-of-way: means , except as used in section 1208 of this title&mdash. See 45 USC 1202
  • Rock Island Railroad: means the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad Company, the estate of such Company in its reorganization proceeding, or the trustee appointed in such proceeding. See 45 USC 1002
  • rules and regulations: means rules and regulations promulgated by the Commission pursuant to section 995 of this title. See 28 USC 998
  • Secondary school: means a day or residential school which provides secondary education, as determined under State law. See 29 USC 203
  • Secretary: means the Secretary of Health and Human Services. See 42 USC 12302
  • Secretary: means the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate. See 26 USC 7701
  • Secretary: means the Secretary of Transportation. See 45 USC 1002
  • Secretary: means the Secretary of Transportation. See 45 USC 1202
  • Secretary: means the Secretary of Energy. See 16 USC 837
  • Secretary: means the Secretary of the Treasury. See 27 USC 214
  • Secretary: means the Secretary of Labor. See 29 USC 203
  • Secretary: means the Secretary of Agriculture. See 7 USC 5602
  • Secretary of the Treasury: means the Secretary of the Treasury, personally, and shall not include any delegate of his. See 26 USC 7701
  • Secretary of the Treasury: means the Secretary of the Treasury, personally, and shall not include any delegate of his. See 26 USC 7701
  • security: has the meaning ascribed to it by section 77b of title 15. See 12 USC 1451
  • sell: includes any sale, exchange, contract to sell, consignment for sale, shipment for sale, or other disposition. See 29 USC 203
  • Sentencing guidelines: A set of rules and principles established by the United States Sentencing Commission that trial judges use to determine the sentence for a convicted defendant. Source: U.S. Courts
  • Service: means the Foreign Agricultural Service of the Department of Agriculture. See 7 USC 5602
  • Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party.
  • servicing: means making available for use information in records and other materials in the custody of the Archivist, or in a records center&mdash. See 44 USC 2901
  • shareholder: includes a member in an association, joint-stock company, or insurance company. See 26 USC 7701
  • shareholder: includes a member in an association, joint-stock company, or insurance company. See 26 USC 7701
  • special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States: as used in this title , includes:

    (1) The high seas, any other waters within the admiralty and maritime jurisdiction of the United States and out of the jurisdiction of any particular State, and any vessel belonging in whole or in part to the United States or any citizen thereof, or to any corporation created by or under the laws of the United States, or of any State, Territory, District, or possession thereof, when such vessel is within the admiralty and maritime jurisdiction of the United States and out of the jurisdiction of any particular State. See 18 USC 7

  • special nuclear material: means plutonium, or uranium enriched in the isotope 233 or in the isotope 235, or any other material which is found to be special nuclear material pursuant to the provisions of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 [42 U. See 50 USC 47f
  • spoils of war: means enemy movable property lawfully captured, seized, confiscated, or found which has become United States property in accordance with the laws of war. See 50 USC 2204
  • State: includes the District of Columbia, the Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. See 42 USC 12302
  • State: shall be construed to include the District of Columbia, where such construction is necessary to carry out provisions of this title. See 26 USC 7701
  • State: means any State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, the Canal Zone, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, or any other territory or possession of the United States. See 15 USC 2602
  • State: includes any State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and any other possession or territory of the United States. See 18 USC 3077
  • State: means the State of Alaska or the State-owned railroad, as the context requires. See 45 USC 1202
  • State: means a State, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and any other possession or territory of the United States. See 18 USC 3127
  • State: includes a Territory and the District of Columbia. See 27 USC 211
  • State: includes any political subdivision of any State, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Wake Island, the Midway Islands, Kingman Reef, or Johnston Island. See 27 USC 214
  • State: means any State of the United States or the District of Columbia or any Territory or possession of the United States. See 29 USC 203
  • State: means any State of the United States or the District of Columbia or any Territory or possession of the United States. See 29 USC 262
  • State-owned railroad: means the authority, agency, corporation or other entity which the State of Alaska designates or contracts with to own, operate or manage the rail properties of the Alaska Railroad or, as the context requires, the railroad owned, operated, or managed by such authority, agency, corporation, or other entity. See 45 USC 1202
  • Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights.
  • stock: includes shares in an association, joint-stock company, or insurance company. See 26 USC 7701
  • strike: includes any strike or other concerted stoppage of work by employees (including a stoppage by reason of the expiration of a collective-bargaining agreement) and any concerted slowdown or other concerted interruption of operations by employees. See 29 USC 142
  • student: means any individual&mdash. See 26 USC 7701
  • student: means an individual who is enrolled in an institution of higher education on a full- or part-time basis. See 42 USC 12561
  • Subpoena duces tecum: A command to a witness to produce documents.
  • subscription: includes a mark when the person making the same intended it as such. See 1 USC 1
  • supervisor: means any individual having authority, in the interest of the employer, to hire, transfer, suspend, lay off, recall, promote, discharge, assign, reward, or discipline other employees, or responsibly to direct them, or to adjust their grievances, or effectively to recommend such action, if in connection with the foregoing the exercise of such authority is not of a merely routine or clerical nature, but requires the use of independent judgment. See 29 USC 152
  • Surplus energy: means electric energy generated at Federal hydroelectric plants in the Pacific Northwest which would otherwise be wasted because of the lack of a market therefor in the Pacific Northwest at any established rate. See 16 USC 837
  • Surplus peaking capacity: means electric peaking capacity at Federal hydroelectric plants in the Pacific Northwest for which there is no demand in the Pacific Northwest at any established rate. See 16 USC 837
  • Tax Court: means the United States Tax Court. See 26 USC 7701
  • taxable year: means the calendar year, or the fiscal year ending during such calendar year, upon the basis of which the taxable income is computed under subtitle A. See 26 USC 7701
  • taxpayer: means any person subject to any internal revenue tax. See 26 USC 7701
  • teacher or trainee: means any individual&mdash. See 26 USC 7701
  • Temporary restraining order: Prohibits a person from an action that is likely to cause irreparable harm. This differs from an injunction in that it may be granted immediately, without notice to the opposing party, and without a hearing. It is intended to last only until a hearing can be held.
  • terminal rental adjustment clause: means a provision of an agreement which permits or requires the rental price to be adjusted upward or downward by reference to the amount realized by the lessor under the agreement upon sale or other disposition of such property. See 26 USC 7701
  • Territory: means Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. See 27 USC 211
  • Tipped employee: means any employee engaged in an occupation in which he customarily and regularly receives more than $30 a month in tips. See 29 USC 203
  • trade buyer: means any person who is a wholesaler or retailer. See 27 USC 211
  • trade or business: includes the performance of the functions of a public office. See 26 USC 7701
  • transaction: includes a series of transactions. See 26 USC 7701
  • transaction: includes a series of transactions. See 26 USC 7701
  • Transcript: A written, word-for-word record of what was said, either in a proceeding such as a trial or during some other conversation, as in a transcript of a hearing or oral deposition.
  • transferred basis property: means property having a basis determined under any provision of subtitle A (or under any corresponding provision of prior income tax law) providing that the basis shall be determined in whole or in part by reference to the basis in the hands of the donor, grantor, or other transferor. See 26 USC 7701
  • trap and trace device: means a device or process which captures the incoming electronic or other impulses which identify the originating number or other dialing, routing, addressing, and signaling information reasonably likely to identify the source of a wire or electronic communication, provided, however, that such information shall not include the contents of any communication. See 18 USC 3127
  • unallocated interest fund: means the sum of (1) the earnings and profits accumulated prior to March 4, 1923, and attributable to investments and reinvestments under section 4312 of this title by the Secretary of the Treasury, plus (2) the earnings and profits accumulated on or after March 4, 1923, in respect of the earnings and profits referred to in clause (1) of this section. See 50 USC 4325
  • unauthenticated copies: means exact copies or reproductions of records or other materials that are not certified as such under seal and that need not be legally accepted as evidence. See 44 USC 2901
  • unfair labor practice: means any unfair labor practice listed in section 158 of this title. See 29 USC 152
  • United States: when used in a geographical sense includes only the States and the District of Columbia. See 26 USC 7701
  • United States: when used in the geographic sense, means all of the States. See 15 USC 2602
  • United States: when used in a geographical sense, includes Puerto Rico and all territories and possessions of the United States. See 18 USC 3077
  • United States: when used in a geographical sense, includes Puerto Rico, all Territories and possessions of the United States and the Canal Zone. See 50 USC 47f
  • United States: means the several States the District of Columbia, and the territories and possessions of the United States. See 50 USC 1514
  • United States: when used in a geographical sense, shall be deemed to mean the several States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and Guam. See 50 USC 3814
  • United States: as used in this title in a territorial sense, includes all places and waters, continental or insular, subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, except the Canal Zone. See 18 USC 5
  • United States: means the several States and Territories and the District of Columbia. See 27 USC 211
  • United States: when used in geographical sense, includes the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Wake Island, the Midway Islands, Kingman Reef, and Johnston Island. See 27 USC 214
  • United States: includes each of the States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the territories and possessions of the United States. See 7 USC 5602
  • United States agricultural commodity: means &mdash. See 7 USC 5602
  • United States person: means &mdash. See 18 USC 3077
  • United States property: means any real or personal property which is within the United States or, if outside the United States, the actual or beneficial ownership of which rests in a United States person or any Federal or State governmental entity of the United States. See 18 USC 3077
  • Uphold: The decision of an appellate court not to reverse a lower court decision.
  • User fees: Fees charged to users of goods or services provided by the government. In levying or authorizing these fees, the legislature determines whether the revenue should go into the treasury or should be available to the agency providing the goods or services.
  • Usury: Charging an illegally high interest rate on a loan. Source: OCC
  • Variable Rate: Having a "variable" rate means that the APR changes from time to time based on fluctuations in an external rate, normally the Prime Rate. This external rate is known as the "index." If the index changes, the variable rate normally changes. Also see Fixed Rate.
  • venue: refers to the geographic specification of the proper court or courts for the litigation of a civil action that is within the subject-matter jurisdiction of the district courts in general, and does not refer to any grant or restriction of subject-matter jurisdiction providing for a civil action to be adjudicated only by the district court for a particular district or districts. See 28 USC 1390
  • Verdict: The decision of a petit jury or a judge.
  • Veto: The procedure established under the Constitution by which the President/Governor refuses to approve a bill or joint resolution and thus prevents its enactment into law. A regular veto occurs when the President/Governor returns the legislation to the house in which it originated. The President/Governor usually returns a vetoed bill with a message indicating his reasons for rejecting the measure. In Congress, the veto can be overridden only by a two-thirds vote in both the Senate and the House.
  • Victim Impact Statement: A written or spoken statement by the victim or his or her representative about the physical, emotional, and financial impact of a crime on the victim. The statement is given to the court before sentencing.
  • Voir dire: The process by which judges and lawyers select a petit jury from among those eligible to serve, by questioning them to determine knowledge of the facts of the case and a willingness to decide the case only on the evidence presented in court. "Voir dire" is a phrase meaning "to speak the truth."
  • water treatment works facility: means any treatment works within the meaning of section 212(2) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act. See 26 USC 7701
  • whoever: include corporations, companies, associations, firms, partnerships, societies, and joint stock companies, as well as individuals. See 1 USC 1
  • wine: means (1) wine as defined in section 610 and section 617 of the Revenue Act of 1918 as now in force or hereafter amended, and (2) other alcoholic beverages not so defined, but made in the manner of wine, including sparkling and carbonated wine, wine made from condensed grape must, wine made from other agricultural products than the juice of sound, ripe grapes, imitation wine, compounds sold as wine, vermouth, cider, perry and sake. See 27 USC 211
  • withholding agent: means any person required to deduct and withhold any tax under the provisions of section 1441, 1442, 1443, or 1461. See 26 USC 7701
  • Writ of certiorari: An order issued by the Supreme Court directing the lower court to transmit records for a case for which it will hear on appeal.